高考英語 同位語從句完全攻略復(fù)習(xí)

1、同位語從句完全攻略 同位語從句是名詞性從句中的一種，也是高中英語語法中比較重要的一個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目，常在歷年高考試題中出現(xiàn)。那么在學(xué)習(xí)同位語從句時(shí)，我們?cè)撟⒁馐裁茨?？一：明確概念與特征同位語從句常放在名詞之后，用來補(bǔ)充說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常用來接同位語從句的名詞有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。如：The news that their children couldnt

2、 come back on time worried all the parents.孩子們不能按時(shí)回來了，這個(gè)消息讓所有的家長(zhǎng)都很著急。I had no idea when the storm would end.我不知道這場(chǎng)暴雨何時(shí)停止。The question whether all the students will be admitted to the stadium hasnt been solved at the meeting. 會(huì)議上沒有解決了是否所有的學(xué)生都能進(jìn)入體育館的問題。 不過有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)平衡，同位語從句也不一定直接放在名詞后，而會(huì)出現(xiàn)隔離情況。如：Word

3、 came that the sports meet had been put off.消息傳來了，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift.突然我想到了一個(gè)好主意：給老師每一件禮物。 二：正確選用引導(dǎo)詞 常用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞有that, what, who, whether以及連接副詞where, when, why, how等。一般來說我們應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)句意來確定相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞，并且從句要用陳述句的語序。不過同時(shí)也要注意：1）that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略

4、；2）在表示是否的意思時(shí)連詞只能用whether而不能用if；3）which不用來引導(dǎo)同為與從句。如：At last I made a decision that I would never come back again.最后我決定再也不會(huì)來了。There is no doubt that we will win the final match.毫無疑問我們會(huì)贏得決賽。I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time.我懷疑他是否能夠按時(shí)完成工作。The question what we should do with this sit

5、uation is under discussion.我們?cè)撊绾翁幚磉@種情況，這個(gè)問題正在討論中。All of us had no idea why he refused our help.大家都不知道他為何拒絕我們的幫助。三：注意從句中的時(shí)態(tài) 一般來說同位語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。但在表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等意思的名詞后的同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用(should) do，表示一中虛擬語氣。如：I accepted my fathers advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.我接受了爸爸的建議，我該向我朋友道歉。The order

6、came that all the goods be sent to the train station at once.命令下達(dá)了，所有的貨物馬上送往火車站。His suggestion that our boss (should) pay us more is reasonable.他關(guān)于老板給我們加工資的建議是合情合理的。四：掌握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句在形式上特別象：都位于名詞之后，而且都可以由that、who、when、where、why等詞來引導(dǎo)，因此許多學(xué)生會(huì)把二者給混淆了。那么如何來區(qū)別這兩個(gè)“孿生”從句呢？1）作用不同：同位語從句與前面的名詞之間是同位關(guān)

7、系，是用來補(bǔ)充說明其具體內(nèi)容的，可以名詞和從句轉(zhuǎn)換成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；定語從句與其先行詞之間的關(guān)系是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，定語從句用來限定先行詞的范圍或描述其特征。如：The fact that he didnt pass the exam made his parents sad.他沒有通過考試的事實(shí)讓他家長(zhǎng)很難過。（同位語，用來說明fact的具體內(nèi)容）The fact that he told us just now made me sad.他剛才告我們的那個(gè)事實(shí)讓我很難過。（定語從句，對(duì)fact起限定的作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)不是別的事實(shí)，而是他剛才告我們的）2）被修飾的詞不同：同位語從句常修飾一些抽象意義的

8、名詞，而且數(shù)量有限；但定語從句的先行詞則沒有限定，既可是人也可是物。3）引導(dǎo)詞的種類不同：常見的能夠引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞that, whether, who, whom, what, when, where, why, how等；常見的引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有that, which, who, whom, as, when, where, why等。同位語從句中有what, whether, how但定語從句中沒有；定語從句中有which但同位語從句沒有。4）相同引導(dǎo)詞的用法不同：在同位語從句中that沒有實(shí)意不作成分但不能省略；而定語從句中that代替先行詞有實(shí)意，在從句中作一定的成分，并且在作

9、賓語時(shí)可以省略；同時(shí)由when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的名詞往往是表示時(shí)間 、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞，此時(shí)他們已經(jīng)不具有原來疑問詞的含義，而且可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的介詞+which的形式，但它們?cè)谝龑?dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)具有原來疑問詞的含義，而其一般不和表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞連用。如：The news that he is going to retire is true.他將要退休了，這個(gè)消息是真的。（同位語從句，that不可?。㏕he news that he heard of on the way is true.他在路上聽到的消息是真的。（定語從句，that作賓語可以省略）The re

10、ason why he didnt attended the meeting isnt known to us.他沒有參加會(huì)議的原因還不為我們所知。（定語從句，why可以換成for which）The question why he didnt attend the meeting puzzled us.他為什么不參加會(huì)議，這個(gè)問題困惑著我們。（同位語從句，why不可換成for which）鞏固練習(xí)：1. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? (2008陜西卷)A. what B. w

11、hich C. that D. where2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(06年安徽) A. if B. when C. that D. which 3. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night.(06年四川

12、) A. which B. that C. what D. when 4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _he had to meet his uncle at the airport.(06年重慶) A. why B. that C. where D. because 5. We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to study abroad.(06年江蘇) A. if B. where C. whether D. that 6. Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom?(05年遼寧) A. that B. what C. as D. which 7. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _a cure f