第五講平行文本的作用

1、第五講 平行文本的作用一、什么是平行文本Hartmann將其分為3類：A類為形式上非常一致的譯文及原文；B類為形式上不完全一致，但功能對等的譯文及原文；C類為在同樣交際情境中獨(dú)立產(chǎn)生的兩種不同語言的文本。李長栓教授把平行文本定義為與原文內(nèi)容相關(guān)、功能類似的譯入語參考資料，其形式有專題性文章、百科全書詞條及詞典解釋和例句等。平行文本可以通過多種途徑獲取。傳統(tǒng)方式是在特定學(xué)科專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，通過查找詞典、專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)及報(bào)刊雜志等方式獲取相關(guān)文章及詞條解釋，這種方法效率低、所獲信息少，難以有效彌補(bǔ)譯者在專業(yè)知識和語言能力上的不足。在當(dāng)今信息時(shí)代，海量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源是翻譯實(shí)踐中參考資料的最主要來源。獲取平行文本的常

2、用途徑包括網(wǎng)站，如Google、Yahoo、百度、有道、維基百科、thefreedic-等，還包括主流在線或桌面詞典，如愛詞霸、詞酷、知識詞典、CNKI翻譯助手及靈格斯、巴比倫等。另外,在眾多英語學(xué)習(xí)論壇,如滬江英語、大家論壇及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中文版等也可以查找到許多熱點(diǎn)話題的平行文本。二、平行文本的作用獲取專業(yè)知識學(xué)習(xí)專術(shù)語借鑒表達(dá)方式模仿寫作風(fēng)格課堂實(shí)討論與實(shí)踐一證 明xxxx（學(xué)號：xxxxxxxx，身份證號：xxxxxxxxxxxx）系我校xxxx學(xué)院xxxx專業(yè)xxxx級本科xx班學(xué)生，學(xué)制4年，該生已經(jīng)基本完成該專業(yè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃規(guī)定的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，20xx年7月通過畢業(yè)資格審核和學(xué)位授予資格審核后

3、可發(fā)放本科畢業(yè)證書和學(xué)士學(xué)位證書。特此證明。 xxxx大學(xué) xxxx大學(xué) xxxx學(xué)院 教務(wù)處課堂實(shí)討論與實(shí)踐二徐州師范大學(xué)江蘇特聘教授招聘方案徐州師范大學(xué)位于蘇、魯、豫、皖四省交界的淮海經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)中心城市江蘇徐州。學(xué)?，F(xiàn)有21個(gè)專業(yè)學(xué)院， 65個(gè)本科專業(yè)，2個(gè)一級學(xué)科碩士點(diǎn)和53個(gè)二級學(xué)科碩士點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)有在校研究生、普通全日制本科生近25000人。學(xué)?，F(xiàn)有二級學(xué)科省重點(diǎn)學(xué)科8個(gè)，一級學(xué)科省重點(diǎn)學(xué)科1個(gè)；省級優(yōu)秀學(xué)科梯隊(duì)4個(gè)；省級重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室2個(gè)；省級哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)研究基地1個(gè)。2008年，學(xué)校被確定為江蘇省重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的高水平大學(xué)。為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)我校高層次人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，根據(jù)江蘇特聘教授選聘辦法（試行）（蘇政辦

4、發(fā)20104號），現(xiàn)面向海外公開招聘江蘇特聘教授候選人1人，招聘方案如下：一、招聘學(xué)科我校在語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)學(xué)科面向海外招聘江蘇特聘教授候選人1人。二、招聘條件1.遵守中華人民共和國憲法和法律，品德高尚，學(xué)風(fēng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，身心健康，有較強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作精神和一定的組織管理能力。2.具有博士學(xué)位，從事自然科學(xué)、人文社會科學(xué)研究的應(yīng)聘者年齡原則上分別不超過50周歲、55周歲，杰出和緊缺人才可適當(dāng)放寬學(xué)歷學(xué)位和年齡要求。3.獲得博士學(xué)位后有連續(xù)兩年以上的海外科研工作經(jīng)歷，一般應(yīng)在國外高水平大學(xué)、科研院所獲得助理教授及以上職位或其他相應(yīng)職位。4.學(xué)術(shù)造詣高深，主持過重大科研項(xiàng)目研究，在重要學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表過多篇有

5、較高影響因子的論文，或掌握關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，擁有重大發(fā)明專利，或在重大科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化方面取得突出成績，研究成果達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平，在本領(lǐng)域國際學(xué)術(shù)界具有較大影響；科研成果無知識產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛；勝任核心課程講授任務(wù)。5.聘期3年，具有中國國籍的，原則上人事關(guān)系須正式調(diào)入我校；具有外國國籍的，須在我校全職全時(shí)工作。對特殊人才、特殊情況，可實(shí)行柔性管理。三、崗位職責(zé)1.正確把握本學(xué)科發(fā)展方向，帶領(lǐng)本學(xué)科在其前沿領(lǐng)域達(dá)到國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，進(jìn)而趕超或保持國際先進(jìn)水平。2.面向國家和江蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展重大需求，積極爭取并主持國家和省重大科研項(xiàng)目研究，力爭取得重大標(biāo)志性成果，大力開展科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化工作。3.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或參與

6、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)或教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)，積極開展國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)交流，提升本學(xué)科在國際國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的影響力和競爭力。4.講授本學(xué)科核心課程，指導(dǎo)博士研究生、碩士研究生。四、招聘程序1.根據(jù)省教育廳下達(dá)申報(bào)名額，確定招聘崗位，面向海外公開招聘。2.應(yīng)聘者于2010年7月30日前通過傳真、電子郵件、信函、面談等形式向我校報(bào)名，并提交應(yīng)聘材料。3.針對招聘崗位成立由知名專家組成的同行專家評審委員會，嚴(yán)格按規(guī)定條件進(jìn)行評審。 4.根據(jù)同行專家的評審意見擇優(yōu)確定推薦人選，將有關(guān)材料報(bào)省教育廳審批。5.通過審批后，我校與江蘇特聘教授簽訂聘任合同和工作任務(wù)書，明確雙方的責(zé)、權(quán)、利關(guān)系，并報(bào)省教育廳備案。五、支持方式1.三年聘

7、期內(nèi)，省為自然科學(xué)類、人文社會科學(xué)類江蘇特聘教授分別提供100萬元人民幣/人、50萬元人民幣/人的科研經(jīng)費(fèi)。我校為江蘇特聘教授提供不低于省標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的科研經(jīng)費(fèi)。經(jīng)費(fèi)一次核定，分年撥付，第一年撥付30%，第二年撥付40%，第三年撥付30。2.江蘇特聘教授聘期內(nèi)除享受由省提供的每人每年12萬元人民幣獎(jiǎng)金（免征個(gè)人所得稅）外，我校另提供不低于在原供職單位年收入的年薪，以及保險(xiǎn)、福利等待遇。3.我校為江蘇特聘教授提供良好的工作和生活條件，聘期內(nèi)提供一次性安家費(fèi)10萬元人民幣和130平方米過渡房免費(fèi)居住，妥善解決在居留和出入境、落戶、配偶工作安置，子女入學(xué)等方面的困難和問題。4.我校為江蘇特聘教授提供良好的辦

8、公條件，配備若干學(xué)術(shù)骨干作為科研助手。六、聯(lián)系方式通訊地址:江蘇省徐州市銅山新區(qū)上海路101號 徐州師范大學(xué)人事處郵 編：221116聯(lián) 系 人：商亮 周媛媛 電 話0516-83536317 傳 真-mail:rsk xsdrsc學(xué)校網(wǎng)址：徐州師范大學(xué) 二一年三月三十一日 課后練習(xí)EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTThis AGREEMENT, entered into this _ day of Month, 20_, between Business, a state of incorporation (the “Comp

9、any”), and name of employee (the “Employee”),WITNESSETH THAT:WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to enter into this Agreement to define and set forth the terms and conditions of the employment of the Employee by the Company;NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set f

10、orth below, it is hereby covenanted and agreed by the Company and the Employee as follows:1. Position; Employment Period The Company hereby employs the Employee as its position, and the Employee hereby agrees to serve in such capacity, for the period beginning start date, 20_, and ending on the date

11、 on which the Employee's employment is terminated in accordance with paragraph 8 below (the “Employment Period”).2. Performance of Duties The Employee agrees that during the Employment Period he shall devote his full business time to the business affairs of the Company and shall perform his duti

12、es faithfully and efficiently subject to the direction of the President of the Company; provided that the foregoing shall not limit or prevent the Employee from serving on the board of directors of charitable organizations or other business corporations not in competition with the Company. The Emplo

13、yee shall not be assigned duties and responsibilities that are not generally within the scope and character associated or required of other employees of similar rank and position. 3. Compensation (a) Subject to the following provisions of this Agreement, during the Employment Period the Employee sha

14、ll be compensated for his services as follows:(b) He shall receive an annual salary, payable in monthly or more frequent installments, in an amount which shall initially be $ amount per annum, subject to such increases as may from time to time be determined by the President of the Company.specify pe

15、nsion and other non-salary benefits.(c) He shall be entitled to vacations of not less than amount per year.(d) He shall be entitled to such other perquisites as may be customarily granted by the Company to employees of similar rank and position.4. Disability Subject to the provisions of paragraph 8,

16、 if the Employee's employment is terminated during the Employment Period by reason of his Disability (as defined below), the Employee shall continue to receive an annual salary and benefits in accordance with paragraphs 3(a) and 3(b) through the end of the number full calendar month of such disa

17、bility but not in any event beyond the end of the Employment Period. For purposes of this Agreement the term “Disability” means a physical or mental disability which renders the Employee incapable of performing his duties under this Agreement and which disability has existed for at least number mont

18、hs, as determined by an independent physician selected by the Company and agreed to by the Employee. Any salary payments to the Employee shall be reduced by the amount of any benefits paid for the same period of time under the Company's disability insurance programs.5. Competing Businesses Durin

19、g the period of his employment under this Agreement, the Employee shall not be employed by or otherwise engage in or be interested in any business in competition with the Company, or with any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, except that the Employee's investment in any such business shall not

20、be considered a violation of this paragraph if either (a) the Employee owns less than number% of the equity thereof, or (b) such business is not in competition with the Company.6. Confidentiality During and after the Employment Period, the Employee will not divulge or appropriate to his own use or t

21、o the use of others, in competition with the Company, any secret or confidential information or knowledge pertaining to the business of the Company, or of any of its subsidiaries, obtained by him in any way while he was employed by the Company or by any of its subsidiaries.7. Remedies If at any time

22、 the Employee violates to a material extent any of the covenants or agreements set forth in paragraphs 5 and 6, the Company shall have the right to terminate all of its obligations to make further payments under this Agreement. The Employee acknowledges that the Company would be irreparably injured

23、by a violation of paragraph 5 or 6 and agrees that the Company shall be entitled to an injunction restraining the Employee from any actual or threatened breach of paragraph 5 or 6 or to any other appropriate equitable remedy without any bond or other security being required.8. Amendment and Terminat

24、ion This Agreement may be amended or cancelled by mutual agreement of the parties without the consent of any other person and, so long as the Employee lives, no person, other than the parties hereto, shall have any rights under or interest in this Agreement or the subject matter hereof The Employmen

25、t Period shall terminate as of the earliest of:(a) date;(b) the last day of the month in which the date of the Employee's death occurs; orthe date on which the Company gives notice to the Employee if such termination is for Cause or Disability.(c) For purposes of this Agreement, “Cause” means th

26、e Employee's gross misconduct resulting in material damage to the Company or willful and material breach of this Agreement.9. Notices Any notice required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be sufficient if in writing and if sent by registered mail to the Company at its principal executive offices or to the Employee at the last address filed by him in writing with the Company, as the case may be.10. Non-Assignment The interests of the Employee under this Agreement are not subject to the claims of his creditors and may not be volu