英語自主學(xué)習(xí)筆記資料

1、Facts and Opinions 1. Laughter is rightly called the best medicine as it relieves not only the one who laughs, but all those around him too.2. A healthy sense of humour helps you to laugh at the worst situations and above all at yourself, a very positive sign of a happy life.3. The world is cer

2、tainly not worth crying over and little jokes show us the funny side of the gravest things.4. A sense of humour makes you more acceptable in society. It makes you welcome everywhere, especially at parties, picnics and social gatjeromgs.5. There is a popular kids' song which says: "Just one

3、moon and a golden sun and a smile means frindship to everyone."6. Laugh and make others laugh and get rid of nervousness and depression.7. If you can learn to relax with a sense of humour you can keep away boredom and fatigue, job pressures and domestic worries.8. It is proved that laughter enh

4、ances the level of hormones which stimulate the heart and act as natural pain-killers.9. Doctors say laughter removes stress, burns calories and improves one's digestion.10. A man who always sees the funny side of a situation can never be a pessimist.11. If you learn to laugh at yourself it will

5、 ease all your tensions and worries.12. Laughing at yourself is of immense benefit for your puffed-up pride.13. Laughter has been known to have cured serious illnesses and helped people get over bad phases in their lives.14. Science has proven that when we're happy, the body recovers more quickl

6、y from the biological arousal of upsetting emotions.15. Adults laugh approximately 15 times per day, while children laugh about 400 times a day! When we grow up, somehow we lose a few hundred laughs a day.16. If you can use humour to bridge the gap between people from different backgrounds, you can

7、learn how to use diversity to enhance business objectives.17. People believe that if they try to be funny and no one laughs, something terrible and embarrassing will happen.18. The problem is that I tell a joke to co-workers and no one laughs. Now every time I see a straight face I have a panic atta

8、ck.19. We now know that there are two types of stress: good stress and bad stress. Laughter is a form of good stress, or stress in reverse.20. Research on stress has shown that bad stress suppresses your immune system while good stress, or laughter, improves the immune system.21. Being unhappy or ve

9、ry sad can seriously damage your health. So don't worry, be happy and laugh!Word bank Immune hormone bouta. 免疫的 n. 荷爾蒙，激素 n. 一回，一場guffaw v. 大笑，狂笑  workout n. 鍛練 rowing n. 劃船 debilitate v. 使衰弱，使虛弱 jogging n. 慢跑 activate v. 使活動 incorporate v. 合并，并入 regimen n. 養(yǎng)生法；療程 visualize v

10、. 設(shè)想 physiological a. 生理學(xué)的聽說原文Laughter: the Best Medicine The following is an interview by a TV hostess with Dr. Lee Berk of the Loma Linda School of Public Health in California. W: We've all heard the saying "Laughter is the best medicine." How important is it to our health,

11、 Dr. Berk?M: This saying has been scientifically proven! According to our research, laughter strengthens the immune system and lowers the levels of stress hormones.W: Can you be more specific?M: Well, after a bout of laughter, blood pressure drops to a lower, healthier level than when the laughter b

12、egan. Dr. William Fry of Stanford University found that "twenty seconds of guffawing gives the heart the same workout as three minutes of hard rowing".W: What else?M: Another year-long study of heart attack victims done at the Oakhurst Health Research Institute in California found that of

13、those patients who spent half an hour a day watching comedy videos, 10 percent had a second heart attack, whereas 30 percent of those who did not watch had a second attack.W: Wow! Laughter is really a good medicine to patients. Can you give us another example?M: Sure! Norman Cousins, editor of the S

14、aturday Review, learned this during a battle with a debilitating illness. He discovered that his condition improved when he enjoyed himself and watched funny movies. Laughing, he wrote, is like inner jogging. It helps us heal by activating the immune system. Many sick people have taken his advice an

15、d incorporated humor into their recovery regimen by watching comedies or reading collections of jokes.W: You said Norman learned this? Do we have to learn to laugh?M: Not necessarily. Since laughing is something people can do sitting down, costs no money, and requires no special exercise equipment o

16、r skill, it's the perfect workout for anyone who doesn't have the time or desire to participate in a regular fitness program.W: Oh, I see. Do you have such a program to offer to the general public?M: Yes, we do. It's called the Smile Time-Out.W: How does it work?M: It's easy. You tak

17、e a deep breath, smile, exhale, and say "Aaah" while visualizing all your muscles and cells smiling. Then add to that a memory of a time you felt really good and laughed and laughed.W: What about the situation in which you aren't in a mood to laugh?M: OK, remember, even when you fake a

18、 smile or laugh, you get the same physiological benefits as when it's the real thing, because your mind is smart, but your body is stupid and can't tell the difference!W: Great! Ha, ha, ha.! I've learned it! And thank you for joining us to talk about laughing.M: My pleasure.Notes 1.

19、 Background InformationIs laughter any medicine at all? Yes, there is sufficient empirical evidence to support manyalthough certainly not allof the claims that laughter benefits both physical and mental health. And humour, closely related to laughter, is a marvelous catalyst (催化劑, when it comes to e

20、asing household tensions or strengthening family ties. And since humour is contagious, others around you too acquire an emotional resilience and share the lighter atmosphere thus created. Humour verily adds colour to life by removing sorrows and depressions. Medical science also acknowledges the hea

21、lthy effects of laughter evoked by humour.A buoyant, carefree, humorous person is liked and loved by all. Humour certainly is the spice of life, adding flavour and fun to it. Without humour life will really become dry, dreary and boring. Apart from this, laughter is good exercise. It gives exercise

22、to our diaphragm and various muscles. It is also responsible for the secretion of certain hormones which are good for our health. Laughter is thus a refreshing act which helps us cope with life.2. Since laughing is something people can do sitting down,. Because laughing is a kind of activity that pe

23、ople can do easily while sitting down,.3. participate in a regular fitness program take part in a routine anniversaryn. 周年紀(jì)念(日 declarationn. 宣布，宣言，聲明 patriotica. 愛國的，有愛國心的 fireworksn. 煙火 immigrantn. 移民，僑民July 4th Celebration Next Wednesday is the 4th of July, America's I

24、ndependence Day. Americans celebrate the anniversary of their declaration of independence from Britain in 1776. Each year Americans hold parties to celebrate the 4th of July. They fly American flags, sing patriotic songs and light fireworks. It might surprise you to learn that America's Independ

25、ence Day also is celebrated in Denmark. Shirley Griface explains:From the middle 1880s until 1900, one of every ten people in Denmark moved to the United States. They were poor farmers seeking a new economy and a better life. Most settled in America's Middle West. In 1912 these immigrants create

26、d an organization called the Danish-American Society. It bought land back home in Denmark, near the city of Alban, about 250 kilometers northwest of Copenhagen. The Society gave the land to Denmark on the condition that America's Independence Day would be celebrated there every year. Denmark'

27、;s ruler of that time King Christian agreed. He established a national park on the land. He said the park would represent the friendship between the two nations. That is why America's Independence Day has been celebrated at Ibill National Park and in the city of Alban ever since.Over the years h

28、undreds of thousands of visitors have joined with games in the celebration at Ibill Park. American and Danish flags fly side by side. People eat American and Danish food. They listen to speeches. Speakers in the past have included former presidents George Bush and Ronald Regan, and actor Denny Kay.

29、Celebrations in nearby Alban extend over a few days. Events include concerts and shows. This year the United States Air Force Band will take part in the celebration. The final event of the 4th of July celebration in Alban is the same as in the United States: fireworks. Then the nation of Denmark end

30、s its celebration of America's Independence Day until next year.Jollytologist a huge heart(臨時造詞：“快樂學(xué)家”；jolly意思為“快樂的” 心胸寬廣Sprinkle v. 灑；撒 asset n. 極有價值之物或優(yōu)點chuckle n. 輕笑v. 格格地輕聲笑 in dire straits在絕境之中tickle v. 呵癢 clown n. 小丑foible n. (性格上的弱點，小缺點 sculpture n. 雕塑品tightrope n. 繃索 ego n. 自我Laughing, G

31、ood for Our Soul  Fred's job is to train emergency medical technicians, and he's certainly the kind of person we'd like to meet in an ambulance. We call him a "jollytologist", because he's got a great sense of humor and laughs easily and heartily. He's got a huge h

32、eart, and even strangers are drawn to him.We couldn't help noticing this about Fred when he visited us last summer along with Mary's brother and sister-in-law and two of her sisters. This group sprinkled good cheer all over New York as they toured the city in what seemed to be a state of con

33、stant delight. They were great guests and good teachers of the spiritual practice of laughing.判斷題1、 統(tǒng)計工作和統(tǒng)計資料是統(tǒng)計活動和統(tǒng)計成果的關(guān)系。（） 、在統(tǒng)計調(diào)查過程中所采用的大量觀察法，是指必須對研究對象的所有單位進(jìn)行調(diào)查。（×） 、標(biāo)志是說明總體特征的，指標(biāo)是說明總體單位特征的。（×） 、在全國工業(yè)普查中，全國工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)是統(tǒng)計總體，每個工業(yè)企業(yè)是總體單位。（×） 、標(biāo)志通常分為品質(zhì)標(biāo)志和數(shù)量標(biāo)志兩種。（） 、品質(zhì)標(biāo)志表明單位屬性方面的特征，其標(biāo)志表現(xiàn)只能用文字

34、來表現(xiàn)，所以品質(zhì)標(biāo)志不能轉(zhuǎn)化為統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)。（） 、統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)和數(shù)量標(biāo)志都可以用數(shù)值表示，所以兩者反映的內(nèi)容是相同的。（×）、因為統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)都是用數(shù)值表示的，所以數(shù)量標(biāo)志就是統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)。（×） 、品質(zhì)標(biāo)志和質(zhì)量指標(biāo)一般都不能用數(shù)值表示。（×） 、全面調(diào)查和非全面調(diào)查是根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果所得的資料是否全面來劃分的（×）。 、調(diào)查單位和填報單位在任何情況下都不可能一致。（×） 、在統(tǒng)計調(diào)查中，調(diào)查標(biāo)志的承擔(dān)者是調(diào)查單位。（） 、對全同各大型鋼鐵生產(chǎn)基地的生產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查，以掌握全國鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的基本情況。這種調(diào)查屬于非全面調(diào)查。（）、統(tǒng)計分組的關(guān)鍵問題是確定組距和組數(shù)

35、(×、按數(shù)量標(biāo)志分組的目的,就是要區(qū)分各組在數(shù)量上的差別(×、總體單位總量和總體標(biāo)志總量是固定不變的，不能互相變換。（×）、相對指標(biāo)都是用無名數(shù)形式表現(xiàn)出來的。（×）、眾數(shù)是總體中出現(xiàn)最多的次數(shù)。（）、國民收入中積累額與消費額之比為1：3，這是一個比較相對指標(biāo)。（×）、總量指標(biāo)和平均指標(biāo)反映了現(xiàn)象總體的規(guī)模和一般水平。但掩蓋了總體各單位的差異情況，因此通過這兩個指標(biāo)不能全面認(rèn)識總體的特征。（）、抽樣推斷是利用樣本資料對總體的數(shù)量特征進(jìn)行估計的一種統(tǒng)計分析方法，因此不可避免的會產(chǎn)生誤差，這種誤差的大小是不能進(jìn)行控制的。（×）、從全部總體

36、單位中按照隨機原則抽取部分單位組成樣本，只可能組成一個樣本。（×）、在抽樣推斷中，作為推斷的總體和作為觀察對象的樣本都是確定的、唯一的。（×）、抽樣估計置信度就是表明抽樣指標(biāo)和總體指標(biāo)的誤差不超過一定范圍的概率保證程度。（）、在其它條件不變的情況下，提高抽樣估計的可靠程度，可以提高抽樣估計的精確度。（× ）、抽樣平均均誤差反映抽樣的可能誤差范圍，實際上每次的抽樣誤差可能大于抽樣平均誤差，也可能小于抽樣平均誤差。（）、施肥量與收獲率是正相關(guān)關(guān)系。（） 、計算相關(guān)系數(shù)的兩個變量都是隨機變量（）、利用一個回歸方程，兩個變量可以互相推算（×） 、估計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤指的就

37、是實際值y與估計值yc 的平均誤差程度（） 、數(shù)量指標(biāo)指數(shù)反映總體的總規(guī)模水平，質(zhì)量指標(biāo)指數(shù)反映總體的相對水平或平均水平（×）。、數(shù)量指標(biāo)作為同度量因素，時期一般固定在基期（ × ）。 、在單位成本指數(shù) 中，q1p1/q1p0中，q1p1q1p0 表示單位成本增減的絕對額（×） 。 、平均指數(shù)也是編制總指數(shù)的一種重要形式，有它的獨立應(yīng)用意義。（） 、因素分析內(nèi)容包括相對數(shù)和平均數(shù)分析。（） 、在各種動態(tài)數(shù)列中,指標(biāo)值的大小都受到指標(biāo)所反映的時期長短的制約.(× 、發(fā)展水平就是動態(tài)數(shù)列中的每一項具體指標(biāo)數(shù)值,它只能表現(xiàn)為絕對數(shù).(× 、若將199

38、0-1995年末國有企業(yè)固定資產(chǎn)凈值按時間先后順序排列,此種動態(tài)數(shù)列稱為時點數(shù)列.( 、定基發(fā)展速度等于相應(yīng)各個環(huán)比發(fā)展速度的連乘積.所以定基增長速度也等于相應(yīng)各個環(huán)比增長速度積.(× 、發(fā)展速度是以相對數(shù)形式表示的速度分析指標(biāo),增長量是以絕對數(shù)形式表示的速度分析指標(biāo).( 、定基發(fā)展速度和環(huán)比發(fā)展速度之間的關(guān)系是兩個相鄰時期的定基發(fā)展速度之積等于相應(yīng)的環(huán)比發(fā)展速度.(× 、若逐期增長量每年相等,則其各年的環(huán)比發(fā)展速度是年年下降的.(× 、若環(huán)比增長速度每年相等,則其逐期增長量也是年年相等.( 、某產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量在一段時期內(nèi)發(fā)展變化的速度，平均來說是增長的，因此該產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量

39、的環(huán)比增長速度也是年年上升的。（×） 、已知某市工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值年至年年增長速度分別為，和，則這五年的平均增長速度為.。（×） 、平均增長速度不是根據(jù)各個增長速度直接來求得，而是根據(jù)平均發(fā)展速度計算的。（）1.在對現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，有意識地選擇若干具有代表性的單位進(jìn)行調(diào)查，這種調(diào)查屬于重點調(diào)查。（×）2.按數(shù)量標(biāo)志分組形成的分配分?jǐn)?shù)列和按品質(zhì)標(biāo)志分組形成的分配數(shù)列都可以稱為次數(shù)分布。（ ）3.相關(guān)系數(shù)為+1時，說明兩變量安全相關(guān)，相關(guān)系數(shù)為-1時，說明兩個變量不相關(guān)。（×）4.若逐期增長量每年相等，則其各年的環(huán)比發(fā)展速度是年年下降的。（ ）5.動態(tài)數(shù)列是由

40、在不同時間上的一系列統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)按時間先后順序排列形成的。（×）6.總體單位是標(biāo)志的承擔(dān)者，標(biāo)志是依附于總體單位的。（）7.在特定的權(quán)數(shù)條件下，綜合指數(shù)與平均指數(shù)有變形關(guān)系。（）8.平均指標(biāo)因素分析建立的指數(shù)體系由三個指數(shù)構(gòu)成，即可變構(gòu)成指數(shù)，固定構(gòu)成指數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)變動影響指數(shù)。（）9.若將某地區(qū)社會商品庫存額按時間先后順序排列，此種動態(tài)數(shù)列屬于時期數(shù)列。（×）10.是直接趨勢的時間數(shù)列，其各期環(huán)比發(fā)展速度大致相同。（×）11.對資料進(jìn)行組距式分組，是假定變量值在各組內(nèi)部的分布是均勻的，所以這種分組會使資料的真實性受到損害。（）12.只有當(dāng)相關(guān)系數(shù)接近+1時，才能說明兩變

41、量之間存在高度相關(guān)關(guān)系。（×）13.分析復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象總體的數(shù)量變動，只能采用綜合指數(shù)的方法。（×）14.如果各種商品價格平均上漲5%，銷售量平均下降5%，則銷售額指數(shù)不變。（×）15.若將某地社會商品庫存額按時間先后順序排列，此種動態(tài)數(shù)列屬于時期數(shù)列。（×）16.連續(xù)型變和離散型變量在進(jìn)行組距式分組時，均可采用相鄰組組距重疊的方法確定組限。（）17.抽樣估計的優(yōu)良標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有三個：無偏性、可靠性、一致性。（×）18.在各種動態(tài)數(shù)列中，指標(biāo)值的大小都受到指標(biāo)所反映的時期長短的制約。（×）19.計算平均發(fā)展速度有兩種方法，即幾何平均法和方程式法，這

42、兩種方法是根據(jù)分析目的不同劃分的。（）20.個人的工資水平和全部職工的工資水平，都可以稱為統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)。（×）21.品質(zhì)標(biāo)志說明總體單位的屬性特征，質(zhì)量指標(biāo)反映現(xiàn)象的相對水平或工作質(zhì)量，二者都不能用數(shù)值表示。（×）22.負(fù)相關(guān)指的是因素標(biāo)志與結(jié)果標(biāo)志的數(shù)量變動方向是下降的。（×）23.根據(jù)建立的直線回歸方程，不能判斷出兩個變量之間相關(guān)的密切程度。（）24.設(shè)P表示單位成本，q表示產(chǎn)量，則p1q1p0q1表示由于產(chǎn)品單位成本的變動對總產(chǎn)量的影響。（×）單項選擇題1.有20個工人看管機器臺數(shù)資料如下：25443434422434634524，如按以上資料編制分配

43、數(shù)列應(yīng)采用（A.單項式分組） 2.將某地區(qū)國有企業(yè)按利潤計劃完成程度分為以下四組，正確的是（C）C.第三種，80%以上 80%90% 90%100% 100%110% 110%以上3.我國人口中，男女人口的性別比為1.6:100，這是（A）A.比例相對指標(biāo) 4.用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差比較，分析兩個同類總體平均指標(biāo)的代表性的前提條件是（B）B.兩個總體的平均數(shù)應(yīng)相等5.事先將總體各單位按某一標(biāo)志排列，然后依排列順序和按相同的間隔來抽選調(diào)查單位的抽樣稱為（C）C.等距抽樣6.當(dāng)所有的觀察值y都落在直線yc=a+bx上時，則x與y之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)為（B）A. r=0 B. |r|=1 C. -17.統(tǒng)計指數(shù)按指數(shù)化

44、指標(biāo)反映的對象范圍可分為（C）B.數(shù)量指標(biāo)指數(shù)和質(zhì)量指標(biāo)指數(shù)C.個體指數(shù)和總指數(shù) 8.編制總指數(shù)的兩種形式是（B）B.綜合指數(shù)和平均數(shù)指數(shù)9.已知各期環(huán)比增長速度為2%、5%、8%和7%，則相應(yīng)的定基增長速度的計算方法為（A）A.（102%×105%×108%×107%）-100% 10.幾位學(xué)生的某門課成績分別是67分、78分、88分、89分、96分，學(xué)生成績是（B）B.數(shù)量標(biāo)志 11.重點調(diào)查中重點單位是指（A）A.標(biāo)志總量在總體中占有很大比重的單位 1.下述各項調(diào)查中屬于全面調(diào)查的是（B）B.對某地區(qū)工業(yè)企業(yè)設(shè)備進(jìn)行普查13.復(fù)合分組是（C）C.對同一總體選擇兩個或兩個以上的標(biāo)志層疊起來進(jìn)行分組14.由反映總體各單位數(shù)量特征的標(biāo)志值匯總得出的指標(biāo)是（B）B.總體標(biāo)志總量15.在什么條件下，簡單算術(shù)平均數(shù)和加權(quán)算術(shù)平均數(shù)計算結(jié)果相同（B）B.權(quán)數(shù)相等 16.以抽樣指標(biāo)估計總體指標(biāo)要求抽樣指標(biāo)值的平均數(shù)等于被估計的總體指標(biāo)本身，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稱為（A）A.無偏性 17.能夠測定變量之間相關(guān)系密切程度的主要方法是（C）C.相關(guān)系數(shù) 18.當(dāng)變量x值增加時，變量y值隨之下降，那么x與y之間存在著（C）C.負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系 19.估計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤說明回歸直線的代表