高一英語外研必修4Part TwoTeaching Resources教學(xué)資源

1、.Part Two Teaching Resources第二部分 教學(xué)資源Section 1 Background readings for Module 1 Life in the Future1.crime A crime can be the action of violating or breaking a law. According to Western jurisprudence, there must be a simultaneous concurrence of both guilty action and guilty mind for a crime to have b

2、een committed; except in crimes of strict liability. In order for prosecution, some laws require proof of causality, relating the defendant's actions to the criminal event in question. In addition, some laws require that attendant circumstances have occurred, in order for a crime to have occurre

3、d. Also, in order for a crime to be prosecuted, proof of a crime must be established. 2. bowlingBowling can refer to two distinctly different types of game. The first is played along an “alley, most commonly made of synthetic material imitating a wood surface. Historically, bowling lanes were m

4、ade of wood; however, most centers around the United States have upgraded to the synthetic playing surfaces. Several sports involve a ball rolling towards a target in the case of bowling, pins; the players attempt to score points by knocking the targets down. 3. softball Softball is a team sport in

5、which a ball, eleven to twelve inches in circumference, is thrown by a player called a pitcher and hit by an offensive player called a batter with a round, smooth stick called a bat. The ball itself is also called a softball. Scoring is accomplished by the batter running and touching a series of fou

6、r markers on the ground called bases. Softball is a direct descendant of baseball, but differs from it in several ways. 4. spaceport A spaceport is a site for launching spacecraft, by analogy with airport for aircraft. Typically the site is large enough that should a rocket explode it will not endan

7、ger human lives or adjacent launch pads. 5. colony In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state or city, in ancient times. Some colonies were historically separate countries, while others were territories without definite

8、 statehood at the moment of colonization. The metropolitan state is the state that owns the colony. In Ancient Greece, the city that owned a colony was called the metropolis within its political organization. Mother country is the term used to refer to the metropolitan state by its citizens that liv

9、e in a colony. In some cases colonies are referred to as overseas territories. A colony differs from a puppet state or satellite state in that a colony has no independent international representation and the top-level administration of a colony is under direct control of the metropolitan state. Sect

10、ion 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences from Module 1 Life in the Future1. We will use lots of recycled materials, 我們將會(huì)使用許多再生材料，句中recycled是過去分詞做定語。詳解請(qǐng)見第三冊(cè)Module 1 EUROPE疑難句子解析。2. Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)警察將會(huì)開網(wǎng)而不是開槍逮捕罪犯。常用介詞短語instead of的使用越來越頻繁，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一

11、種新穎的用法，其特點(diǎn)是：它可與其他各種詞類或句子搭配，其前后的構(gòu)造是平等對(duì)稱的。下面的例句按平行構(gòu)造來分類：1從句平行構(gòu)造: I told him about it as he was at home instead of as he was in the office.我是在他家里而不是在辦公室把此事告訴他的。2形容詞平行構(gòu)造: He felt proud instead of ashamed of it. 他對(duì)此感到驕傲而不是慚愧。3形容詞比較級(jí)平行構(gòu)造: When water freezes, it becomes larger in volume instead of smaller.

12、 水凍結(jié)時(shí)，它體積是變得更大而不是更小。4 副詞平行構(gòu)造: Production increases quickly instead of slowly. 消費(fèi)增加很快，而不是很慢。5介詞短語平行構(gòu)造: At high altitudes the air pressure is low, so that water will boil at temperature below instead of at 100.在海拔高的地方氣壓很低，以致水的沸點(diǎn)低于100，而不是100。6帶to的不定式平行構(gòu)造: He proposes to do some work instead of to watch

13、 television他建議辦點(diǎn)事而不要看電視。7不帶to的不定式平行構(gòu)造: A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hate him一句鼓勵(lì)的話便使我尊敬而不是厭惡他。 8謂語動(dòng)詞平行構(gòu)造：On freezing water expands instead of contracts.水在結(jié)冰時(shí)膨脹而不收縮。9動(dòng)名詞平行構(gòu)造：She prefers making her own clothes instead of buying them in the shops. 她寧可自己縫制衣服而不愿到服裝店去買。10代

14、詞平行構(gòu)造: Give me the red one instead of the green one. 給我紅色的，不要那綠色的。11名詞平行構(gòu)造: Shall we have fish instead of meat today? 今天我們不吃肉而吃魚，如何? 3. Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. 每個(gè)人在出生時(shí)都會(huì)領(lǐng)一個(gè) 號(hào)碼，無論他們生活在什么地方，這個(gè)號(hào)碼都不會(huì)改變。no matter經(jīng)常和疑問詞 what, how

15、, when, where等連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。No matter what the danger is, Ill be with you. Do it no matter what others say.We can solve the problem no matter how complicated it is. 聽?wèi){問題多復(fù)雜，我們也能弄清楚。When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or servant, it is proper to

16、say "Thank you". 任何人替你做了一件事，不管事情多么小，也不管他是你的上司還是傭人，你都應(yīng)該說：“謝謝你。Every substance in the world, no matter how different it may seem from any other substance, is made partly of electrons. 世界上每一種物質(zhì)不管看起來和其他物質(zhì)多么不同，都部分地由電子組成。No matter when the danger comes, Ill be with you.No matter who takes up the

17、 matter for me, I shall be very grateful.no matter + how, what, when. =however/whatever/whenever.。 no matter與 who-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句意義根本一 樣，no matter引導(dǎo)的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后。No matter who you are, you must keep the law. =Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。Whatever happens / may happen, we shal

18、l not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 無論你去哪都要遵守法律。 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。錯(cuò)No matter what you say is of no use now.對(duì)Whatever you say is of no use now. 你如今說什么也沒用了。Whatever you say是主語從句錯(cuò)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given, 對(duì)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。4. Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands