直接引語和間接引語知識點(diǎn)歸納

1、直接引語和間接引語引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為引語”直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號“標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外， 其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時，句子的結(jié) 構(gòu)，人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢？1人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如：He said，“I am very sorry.>He saithat he was very sorry.2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人

2、說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，如：“ You should be more careful n ext time," my father>old me. My father told me that I should be more careful the n ext time.3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如：She said to her son, “門I check your homework toni ght. >”She said to her son that she would check his homework that

3、ni ght.4） 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：He asked me, “ Will you go to the stati on with me to meet a friend of mine this after noon?>He asked me whether I would go to the stati on with him to meet a frie nd of his that after noon.總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間

4、接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面 要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下：“I am very glad to visit your school said.>,sheShe said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said,“ We are liste ning to the pop music. >”Tom said that they were liste ning to the pop music.Mother asked,“ Have you finished your hom

5、ework before you watch TV? >”Mother asked me whether I had fini shed my homework before I watched TV.He asked the con ductor,“ Where shall I get off to cha nge to a No. 3 bus>"He asked the con ductor where he would get off to cha nge to a No. 3 bus.“ Why did she refuse to go there?"

6、theetdachr :asThe teacher asked why she had refused to go there.Mother asked me, “ Had you finished your homework before you watched TV? >”Mother asked me whether I had fini shed my homework before I watched TV.Tom said,“ We were havi ng a football match this time yesterday. >"Tom said th

7、at they were havi ng a football match that time the day before.He said,“I have n't heard from my pare nts these days. >”He said that he had n't heard from his parents those days.3、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如：He always says, “I am tired out.>He alway-sys that he is tire

8、d out.2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：He will say,“ I ' ll try my best to help>Hu.will say that he wi-H try his best to help me.3） 當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時，如：He said, “I went to college in 1994. >He told "us thahe went to college in 1994.4） 當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：He said,“ When I was a ch

9、ild, I usually played football after school. >”He said that whe n he was a child, he usually played football after school.5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，如：Our teacher said to us,“ Light travels faster than sou>d.”O(jiān)ur teacher told us that light travels faster tha n sound.6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如：He said,“ Practice m

10、akes perfect.>He saat practice makes perfect.7） 當(dāng)直接弓丨語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need 時，如：The doctor said,“ You'd better drink plenty of water. >”The doctor said rd better drink ple nty of water.He said,“ She must be a teacher. >

11、; He saieHat she must be a teacher.He said,“ She ought to have arrived her office by now. >”He said that she ought to have arrived her office by the n.The teacher said,“ You n eed n't hand in your compositi ons today>”The teacher said we n eed n' t/did n't n eed to/did n't have

12、 to hand in our compositi ons.She asked, “ Must I take the medicine? > She asif she had to take the medicine.1Teacher: You may have the ball game this after noon. Stude nt : What did the teacher say, Mo nitor?Mon itor: He said we might have the ball game this after noon.4、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變

13、化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時間狀語1nowthentodaythat daytoni ghtthat ni ghtthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforeast week (month )the week (month )before地點(diǎn)狀語two weeks (mon th)ago tomorrownext week (month ) heretwo weeks (mon ths)beforethe next daythe next week (month ) therecome

14、動詞go3akebringHe said, " I met Mr. Sithiittimorning.他說"我今天早晨見到史密斯了?！?t He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了。He said, “ We went to the ci門卿8上6說丫."他說：我們昨天去電影院了。”t He said they had gone to the cinema the_day_before. 他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lily said, " I will comeiextcta

15、o nth. ”莉莉說："我下個月回來?！眛 Lily said that she would go back the next mon th. 莉莉說她下一個月就回去。He said," It is nine o'chcaak .他說："現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了。”t He said that it was nine o'clock the n.他說那時九點(diǎn)了。He said, " I have n't seentbda y.他說："今天我沒見到她?！?t He said that he had n't seen her t

16、 hat day .他說那天他沒有見到她。She said,“ t wene yesterday .她說："昨天我去了那兒?！眛 She said that she had gone there the day before.她說前一天她去了那兒。She said, " I'll go themorrow .她說："明天我將去那兒?！眛 She said that she would go there the next day.她說第二天她將去那兒。He said, “ My sister wae three days ago.她說："三天前我妹

17、妹在這兒?！眛 before)t thathere就不t He said that his sister had been there three days before.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(here t there; agoShe said,“(tome here this evening.她說："今晚我將來這兒?！眛 She said that she would go. there. that_evening.她說那晚她將去那丿L°(comeT go； here t there this以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說話的具體時間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就

18、在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。直接引語中的一般過去時如與一個具體的過去時間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去時時態(tài)不變。Father said,"I anthteafternoon "父親說： "我今天下午有空?！眛 Father said that he was free this after noon. 父親說他今天下午有空。He said, " I am 腫6區(qū)tomorrow .他說 "我明天去那里?！?t He said that he w

19、as going there tomorrow. 他說他明天去那里。巧記:去掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈活，時態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1） 陳述句。用連詞 that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that,不可直接說 told that,女口：He said,"I have bee n to the Great Wall. >He said "lo utat he had be

20、e n to the Great Wall.He said," I'll give you an exam in ati on n ext Mon day. >”He told us that he would give us an exam in ati on the n ext Mon day.（不可說 told that ）此外主句中的謂語還常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think 等，又如：He said, " I'm late because of

21、 the heavy traffic. > He explainedo us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。The doctor said,“ You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon>”The doctor said （that） I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.2） 直接

22、引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接弓語用連詞 whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked （me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。He said, “ Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?>”He asked （me） whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“ You are interested in English, aren't you? >”He asked whether

23、 I was in terested in En glish.3）直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether。了表達(dá)，而不用ifor,-也不用either - or 如.：He asked, “ Do you speak English or French? >He-asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked, “ Will you take bus or take train? >I askehim whether he would take bus or take train.4） 直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語

24、時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（ sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：He asked,“ What's your name?”easked （me） what my name was.He asked us, “ How many car factories have been built in your country? >”He asked us how many car factories had bee n built in our coun try.5） 直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動詞常是ask, ad

25、vise, tell, warn, order,request等。女口 ask sb. to do,（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do （由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：He said,“ Be seated, please.> He-asked us to be seated.“ Do be careful with your handwriting.” >He saiHe told-mto be careful with my handwriting.“ Never come here again!”

26、 said the officer nearby.The officer-ordered the villagers never to go there again.“ Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the*teacher said.The teacher warned the stude nts not to touch anything in the lab without permissi on.6） 有些含有 建議"一、勸告"的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offe

27、i等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：He said, “ Let's have a rest. > He suggested our having a rest.He said, “ Let me help you. > H” ofred to help me.7） 當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：“ Would you mind ope ning the door?” he asked asked-me to ope n the door.“

28、Why not going out for a walk? he asked'us.>He advised us to go out for a walk. 或 He suggested we go out for a walk.8） 直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：She said, “ What a lovely day it is! > She saidwhat a lovely day it was. 或 She said that it was a lovely day.即學(xué)即練1. He askedfor the

29、computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “ Have you seen the film? ” he asked me. t He asked me.A. had I see n the film B. have I see n the filmC. if I have see n the film D. whether I had see n the film3. “ Please close the window, ” he said to me.t

30、 Hemethe window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; clos ingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close" I am a teacher, ” Jack said. t He said.54. He said, “ Mother, the boy is very naughty. - very-mdriighty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mothe

31、r that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was5. “ You' ve already got well, haven' t you? ” she asked.She asked.A. if I have already got well, had nB. whetheuI had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.6. He asked ,“ Are you a Party member or a Leagu

32、e member?He asked me.#A. am I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League member7. He asked, “ How are you getting along?B. was I a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.”He asked.#B. how are you getti ng alongD. how was I gett

33、ing alongA. how am I getti ng alongC. how I was gett ing along8. He asked mewith me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what ' s the matter D. what was the matterthat aga in.9. He said, “ Don' t do that again.” HemeA. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don do ' Ct told me; d

34、on ' Dd oold me; not to do10. 我告訴他我丟了錢并會找到這筆錢。11. 她問我第二天有沒有空。12. 我問她第二天去哪里去干什么。13. 他爸爸告訴他不要穿著新外套去爬樹。14. 這個陌生人問我的名字是什么。15. 他說："我把書落在你房間了。16. 她說:"他會很忙的?！?7. 她對湯姆說:"你能幫我嗎?"18. "Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?" the young man asked.19. "I have gained

35、the first place in the mathematics competition," the little boy said happily.20. "Light travels faster tha n soun d," the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.21. "Will you go to the concert with me this evening?" Mary asked me.22. "What did you do here yesterday?" the old man asked my brother.23. She asked what was the matter with me.24. He asked me if I was s