七大句子成分與五大基本句型

1、七大句子成分與五大基本句型Part 1 句子成分 組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定 語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 主語：主語是一句話的中心。除祈使句外，主語是句子中不可缺 少的成分。主語表示句子中所說的是“誰”或“什么”。 一般由名詞、 代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用 it 作形式主語，而把真正的主語 (不 定式短語 )放在句后。2. 謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng) 詞充當(dāng)。謂語分為簡單謂語與復(fù)合謂語兩種 簡單謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成； 復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞 【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要

2、相互照應(yīng)。3. 賓語：賓語是動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說明主語“做什么”， 一般由名 詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。賓語分為直接賓語( Direct Object )和間接賓語 (Indirect Object) 。直接賓語常指物 , 間接賓語 常指人?！拔镏踩碎g”4. 表語：在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語 ,說明主語的狀態(tài)等，一般由名 詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。“怎 么樣” 常見的系動(dòng)詞： be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,so und,keep,turn,become, get, grow, com

3、e, go etc.5. 定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式 等充當(dāng)?！咀⒁狻?定語一般位于被修飾詞之前， 但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等 短語作定語，則放在后面。6. 狀語：用于修飾形容詞 ,副詞, 動(dòng)詞,介詞短語或句子 . 可表示時(shí)間 , 地點(diǎn),原因, 結(jié)果,目的, 方式, 伴隨,條件, 程度,讓步,頻率等，一般由 副詞、介詞短語、 不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在 被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。女口： He is old enough to go to school7. 賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的

4、動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語 與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。 需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有： tell ，let ， help , teach , ask , see, have, order , make等?！百e補(bǔ)” 一般由 不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。隨堂練習(xí)講出劃線部分的句子成分：1 Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2 I have a lot to say on this matter.3 Please give me some advice.4 She is quite all right now.5 A lonely person i

5、s always alone.6 A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7 To travel abroad, one must have a passport8 He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn 't it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?Part

6、2 基本句型基本句型 (Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型I teach.主 +謂 S+V(2)第二基本句型主 +系+表 S+V+PI am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型主 +謂+賓 S+V+OI teach English.(4)第四基本句型主+謂+間賓 +直賓 S+V+IO+DOI teach you English.(5) 第五基本句型 主+謂 +賓 +賓補(bǔ) S+V+O+CI encourage you to learn English better. 課后習(xí)題 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) :1 What you said made me happy.2 Co

7、uld you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3 After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered