1月全國(guó)自考現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題及答案解析

1、全國(guó) 2018 年 1 月高等教育自學(xué)考試現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題課程代碼： 00830一、單項(xiàng)選擇題 (在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的序號(hào)填在題干的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每小題2 分，共20 分)1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a () study.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics,the longest established,and until

2、recently the most highlydeveloped, is () phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular,present tense, the element -edpast tense, and -ing progressive aspect.Since they are the smallest unit of language andmeaningfu

3、l, they are also ().A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguistsproposed and developed atheory of universal grammar known as the () theory.A. speech actB. TGC. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexic

4、al meaning is ().A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysisC. componential analysisD. proposition analysis6.Of the three speech acts,linguistsare most interested inthe ()because thiskind ofspeech act is identical with the speaker s intention.A. locutionary actB. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary

5、actD. constative act7.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the workof the Britishscholar().A. Sir William JonesB. John FirthC. M. A. K.HallidayD. F. D. Saussure8.A bilingualspeaker oftenuses twolanguages alternativelyduringa conversation withanother1bilingual speaker,a speech si

6、tuation known as ().A. discourse role-switchingB. activity role-switchingC. social role-switchingD. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners ().A. second languageB. first languageC. foreign languageD. interlanguage10.It is estimated that the n

7、umber of basic words known by English-speaking school children ofage six is around ().A. 7800B. 6800C. 5800D. 4800二、填空題 (每小題1 分，共10 分)11.The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study.12.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation

8、,they are collectively known as i_.13.According to its position in the new word,a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes andsuffixes.14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_

9、restrictions.16. The u_ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of relatedlanguages in a genealogical family tree,and to reconstruct the p_,the original form of alanguage family t

10、hat has ceased to exist.18.R_ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19.Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language.This isknown as language t_.20.A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learne

11、rs differ in theprocess of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community.This adaptation process is calleda _.三、判斷說(shuō)明題(判斷下列各題，正確的在題干后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)填“T ”，錯(cuò)誤的填“ F ”，并說(shuō)明理由。每小題2 分，共 20 分)21.Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ()22.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by“copying ” a featur

12、e of a sequentialphoneme,thus making the two phones similar. ()223. Semantically,the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic,always being the sum total ofthe meanings of its components. ()24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionallycalled transformationalrules,whoseoperation may change

13、 the syntactic representation of a sentence. ()25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning.()26.Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if thecontext of language use was left unconsidered. ()27.It is

14、generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods ofOld English,Middle English and Modern English. ()28.When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguisticsituations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ()29.Linguist

15、ic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to existin an overwhelming majority of human beings. ()30.Inorder toidentify the areas of learningdifficulty,an interlingual contrastive procedureContrastive Analysis was developed. ()四、名詞解釋 (每小題 3 分，共 30 分 )31. competen

16、ce and performance32. minimal pair33. morphology34. finite clause35. sense and reference36. Cooperative Principle37. semantic broadening38. language planning39. the critical period hypothesis40. instrumental motivation vs. integrative motivation五、論述題 (第 41、 42 小題各7 分，第 43 小題 6 分，共 20 分)41.Under what

17、 conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42.For the following sentence,draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43.Study the passage taken from Shakespeare s HAMLET below carefully and identify everydifference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is