新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)-4-課文-翻譯-1.Man-in-the-Realm-of-Nature3頁(yè)

1、Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander Spirkin The text is downloaded from the website: /reference/archive/spirkin/works/dialectical-materialism 1RT Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the

2、influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.人在自然界                  

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6、;                                  亞歷山大·斯伯金人類生活在大自然的王國(guó)里。他們時(shí)刻被大自然所包圍并與之相互影響。人類呼吸的空氣、喝下的水和攝入的食物，無(wú)一不令人類時(shí)刻感知到大自然的影響。我們與大自然血肉相連，離開(kāi)

7、大自然，我們將無(wú)法生存。2 Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred var

8、ious species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.人類不僅生活在大自然之中，同時(shí)也在改變著大自然。人類把自然資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦鞣N文化，社會(huì)歷史的財(cái)富。人類降服并控制了電，迫使它為人類社會(huì)的利益服務(wù)。人類不僅把各種各樣的動(dòng)植物轉(zhuǎn)移到不同的氣候環(huán)境，也改變了他生活環(huán)境的地貌和氣候并使動(dòng)植物因之而發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。3 As society

9、 develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked tog

10、ether stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and

11、 frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人類對(duì)大自然的直接依賴越來(lái)越少，而間接的依賴卻越來(lái)越多。我們遠(yuǎn)古的祖先生活在大自然的威脅及破壞力的恐懼之中，他們常常連基本的生活物資都無(wú)法獲取。

12、然而，盡管工具不甚完備，他們卻能同心協(xié)力，頑強(qiáng)工作，并總是有所收獲。在與人類的相互作用中，大自然也發(fā)生了改變。森林被破壞了，耕地面積增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人類敵對(duì)的東西。譬如，森林被認(rèn)為是野性的和令人恐懼的，因此人類便想方設(shè)法使其面積縮小。這一切都是打著“文明”的旗號(hào)進(jìn)行的，所謂“文明”，就是人類在哪里建立家園，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。4 But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable nat

13、ural resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.然而，隨著歲月的流逝，人類越來(lái)越關(guān)注的是在何處得到和如何得到生產(chǎn)所需的不可替代的自然資源的問(wèn)題?？茖W(xué)與人類改變大自然的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)已經(jīng)使人類意識(shí)到了工業(yè)在改變地球的進(jìn)程中對(duì)地質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的重

14、大影響。5 At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisf

15、y the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.目前，人與自然以及自然與社會(huì)整體之間過(guò)去存在的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，已呈現(xiàn)崩潰的跡象。生物圈中所謂可替代資源的問(wèn)題變得極為尖銳。人類和社會(huì)的需求，即便是簡(jiǎn)單得像淡水一樣的物質(zhì)，也變得越來(lái)越難以滿足。清除工業(yè)廢物的問(wèn)題也變得日益復(fù)雜。6 Modern tec

16、hnology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them.

17、Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的特征是生產(chǎn)和使用日益豐富的人工合成產(chǎn)品。人們生產(chǎn)成千上萬(wàn)的人工合成材料。人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地用尼龍和其他人造纖維把自己從頭到腳地包裹起來(lái)，這些絢麗的織物顯然對(duì)他們無(wú)益。年輕人或許很少注意到這一點(diǎn)，他們更關(guān)注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年歲之后，他們就會(huì)感受到這種有

18、害的影響。7RT As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the questio

19、n: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?久而久之，這些合成物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變成廢棄物，那些原本毒性不大的物質(zhì)在自然循環(huán)中變?yōu)闃O其有害的物質(zhì)。自然科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家如今都在問(wèn)自己這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：人類對(duì)生物圈的破壞難道是無(wú)法避免的嗎？close8 The man-nature relation the crisis of the ecological situation is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans a