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1、簡單句的種類 簡單句的種類:簡單句一般分為陳述句、疑問句、 感嘆句和祈使句四種。一、陳述句:用來說明一個事實(shí)的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式 和否定式兩種形式。陳述句的肯定式:He is a middle schoolstudent. (他是個中學(xué)生)/ I have a hammern my hand.(我手上有把錘子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我們地理)/ The newplay was good eno ugh and everybody enjoyed it.(新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡)陳述句的否定式:1)謂語動詞如果是to be 、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞 時,在

2、它們的后面加"not" o如:My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教師)/ He does not have a cous in.(他沒有堂兄弟)/ I willnot go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那兒)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母親現(xiàn)在不在廚房里做飯)/ You must not make such mistakes aga in. (你不該再犯類似 錯誤了) / Wehaven't discussed the question yet

3、 (我們還沒有討論那個問題呢)2)謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時,須在它的前面加 do not(don't).女口: I don'tknow anything about it.(此事我一無所知)/Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬)/ We did n't expect to meet her right here.(我們沒指望著在這里見至U她)/ We did n't have a meeting yesterday after noon.(昨天下午我們沒有開會)3)如果&q

4、uot;have"作"有"講,也可以在它后面加not 構(gòu)成否定式,其形式與have got的否定式相同。如: I have n't (got) any brothers or sisters.(我沒有兄弟姐妹)注意 句子中如果有 all、both、very much/well等 詞時,用not 般構(gòu)成部分否定,如果要完全否 定,貝V通常使用 none、neither、notat all 等;All of them went there. f None of them went there.(他們?nèi)既チ四抢飂他們?nèi)紱]去那 里) 句子中含有 little

5、、few、too(太)、hardly、 never、neither、nor、seldom 等詞時,貝H視為 否定句。如: Few people live there becauselife there is very hard.(幾乎沒有人生活在那里因?yàn)槟抢锏纳钐D難了) 陳述句(主語+謂語+其他)在口語中可以直接 表示疑問,表示驚訝或明知故問。如:That's your boss?(那就是你的老板? ?。?陳述句一般情況下應(yīng)使用正常的語序,即:主 語+謂語+其他。但是有時會倒裝,詳見"倒裝句"。 所有的從句一律使用陳述句語序,即在連接詞 后采用"主語+

6、謂語+其他"的順序。如:The old man told me that he would live here for tenmore years before he retur ns home.(老人告訴我說他還要在這兒住幾年然后回家)/Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告訴我在聚會上你都看見了誰 嗎?)二、疑問句:一般疑問句:用"yes"或"no"來回答的疑問句 叫做一般疑問句。1) 一般疑問句構(gòu)成:句中謂語動詞是 to be、助 動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,則將它們(提前

7、)放到主語前 面。如:Is he an engineer?(他是工程師嗎?)/ Have you got today's newspaper? (你有今 天的報(bào)紙嗎?)/ Shall wego to see a film this evening?(我們今晚去看電影好嗎?)/ Canyouexplain it ?(你能解釋它嗎?)/ Is there anyfish for supper?(晚飯有魚嗎?)/ Would you like to go out for a walk?(你想出去散步嗎?) 謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時,則 在主語前面加助動詞do / does /

8、did, 原來的 謂語動詞改為原形。如:Do you get up at six every morni ng? (你天天早晨六點(diǎn)起身嗎?)/Does she study hard?(她學(xué)習(xí)努力嗎?)/ Did you go there yesterday?(昨天你去那兒了嗎?)2) 一般疑問句的回答: 一般疑問句通常用簡略形式來回答。如:Willyou joi n us in playi ng basketball?(你加入我們打籃球好嗎?) -Yes, we will.(是的我們 會。)/ -No, we won't. (不我們不會。)Hav(you got today's

9、 n ewspaper? (你有今天的報(bào)紙 嗎?)-Y es, I have .(是的有。)/ -No, I have n't.態(tài)一致注意回答must或者may開頭的疑問句要小心 參見情態(tài)動詞有關(guān)內(nèi)容。3)一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)(即否定形式的一般疑 問句)表示驚奇、責(zé)怪、建議、看法等,只要將 "not"置于主語之后或者將"not"放到主語之前 與be, have等助動詞或情態(tài)動詞合并在一起就 可以了。如:Will he n ot come?(他難道不來嗎?) /Is n'tyour sister a Party member? (你的姐姐不

10、是 黨員嗎?)/ Have n't you any brothers? (你 沒有哥哥嗎?)/ Don't you like the play?(你難道不喜歡這個話劇嗎?)/ Can't we walka little farther?(我們不能走遠(yuǎn)些嗎?) /Won't you sit dow n?(你不想坐下嗎?)/ Has n't she heard of the matter?(她沒聽說過這事兒?)這種否定結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問句的回答與漢語的習(xí)慣不 同。如果回答是肯定的,就用"yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)"; 如果回答是否定的,就用"no

11、+否定結(jié)構(gòu)“。(情況 與反意問句類似。)如:Ca n't he an swer the questio n?(他不能回答這個問題嗎?)-Y es,hecan.(不,他能回答這個問題。)-No,he can't.(是的,他不能回答這個問題。)三、祈使句:祈使句用來表示請求、命令等。它 的主語you往往不說出。祈使句的肯定式:動詞(原形)+其他女口:Please give me a hand.( 請幫忙)/ Shut up! (住嘴!)祈使句的否定式:Don't +動詞原形+其他 女口: Please don't talk in low voices.(請不要低聲講

12、話。)/ Don't look back!( 不要掉頭 看。)注意以"let's"引出的祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu),"not"應(yīng)放在"let's" 后面。如:Let's not trouble him.(我們不要打擾他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助動詞來強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣。如:Please do help me!(請千萬幫幫我。)四、感嘆句:感嘆句用來表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感 情。句末常用"!"對含有形容詞的名詞短語感嘆的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:What + (a /an) + ( 形容詞)+名詞+陳述句結(jié) 構(gòu)(主謂語),用

13、來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的名詞,如:What a good, kind girl (she is)!(她是多么善良的好女孩?。? What bad weather (it is)!(天氣真糟糕?。﹥H對形容詞或副詞進(jìn)行感嘆的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: How +形容詞/副詞+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)(主謂語), 用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的形容詞、副詞或動詞。How carefully the old man walks!(這老人走路真小心!)/ How delicious the food is!(這食品真好吃?。? How beautiful!(真美呀?。┯袝r,陳述句、祈使句、疑問句、一個詞或詞 組,也帶有一定的感情色彩,也可以成為感嘆句,

14、此時未必使用感嘆句型。He is sitti ng on a tiger's back!(他坐在老虎的背上?。? A niceshot!(漂亮一擊?。? Good goal!( 好球!) 將下列句子改為否定句,每空一詞。1. Tom and Joh n are in the classroom.Tom and Johnin the classroom.2. You must clea n your room now.Youclea nyour room now.3. He has fini shed his work.4. Sara is washing dishes in the k

15、itchen.Sara kitche n.dishes in the5. She came here last week.Shehere last week.6. Lucy seems to be sad.Lucyto be sad.7. The office building is next to the hotel.The office buildi ngn ext tothe hotel.8. Grace learns Englishby reading aloud.GraceEn glish byreadi ng aloud.9. We use plastic bags whe n s

16、hopp ing.We shopp ing.plastic bags whe n10. There will be a lot of tourists to ourcity in the future.be a lot of touriststo our city in the future.【指點(diǎn)迷津】肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r要注意以下幾點(diǎn):含有be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的肯定句變 為否定句時,直接在上述動詞后加not。其中,must作"必須"講時,其否定形式應(yīng)為do n't have to 或 n eed n' t。含有行為動詞的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r,要根據(jù) 相

17、應(yīng)的人稱和時態(tài),借助助動詞 do / does / did +not來構(gòu)成?!揪毩?xí)導(dǎo)航】I .按要求完成下列句子,每空一詞。1. He is an En glish teacher.(問句)改為一般疑an En glish teacher?2. We have fini shed the work.(疑問句)改為一般youthe work?3. Tom ofte n helps us.(對劃線部分提問)ofte nyou?4. They often play basketball after(對劃線部分提問)class.after class?they ofte n5. He has fift

18、y books in his study.(劃線部分提問)bookshein his study?6. Are you good at English?( 用 French 改 為選擇疑問句)Are you good atEn glish?7. Can you an swer this questi on?( 進(jìn)行肯 定回答)8. Did he joi n the army last year?(進(jìn)行否定回答),he.n .根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列英語句子,每空一詞。9. 你昨天沒有去那兒嗎?是的,我沒去。 youthereyesterday? ,I.10. 你會給他寫信還是打電話?Are you

19、 going to write to him him?11. 你每天怎么去上學(xué)?坐公共汽車。 you go to school every day? bus.12. 湯姆和露西,你更喜歡誰?you likeTomLucy?13. 哪本書是你的?book is?皿.完成下列反意疑問句。14. You are com ing toni ght,15. Mary can ' t do it alone,16. You seldom see him,17. Let ' s have a rest,18. Tom is un happy,?19. Everybody can do it,

20、20. This is a nice coat,21. Those are beautifulflowers,?22. He had eggs and milk forbreakfast,?23. I think milli ons of people know aboutSusa n Boyle now,?24. Something is wrong with yourcar,?25. There is a big tree in front of yourclassroom,?【指點(diǎn)迷津】 一般疑問句 一般疑問句通常用yes或no來回答。陳述句變 為一般疑問句時,如果謂語動詞中含有be動詞

21、、 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則直接把它們提到句首;如 果謂語動詞是行為動詞,則根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài),在 句首加Do, Does或Did,并將行為動詞變?yōu)樵?形。特殊疑問句特殊疑問句是就句中某一部分進(jìn)行提問的句子。 疑問詞包括 what, who, whom, whose, which, whe n, where, why, how 等。如果疑問詞在句中 作主語或主語的定語,疑問句的語序與陳述句語序相 同;如果疑問詞在句中作其他成分,則用"疑問 詞+般疑問句"結(jié)構(gòu)。選擇疑問句選擇疑問句一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問 哪種情況屬實(shí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問句或特殊疑 問句,供選擇的最后一個部分

22、用 or與前面的部 分相連接。回答時不用yes或no,而是根據(jù)具 體情況直接作出回答。如:Would you like tea or coffee?你喝茶還是喝咖啡?Coffee.咖啡。反意疑問句反意疑問句由一個陳述句和一個附加問句組成。以下幾點(diǎn)需特別注意:1. 如果陳述句的主語是表示事物的不定代詞, 附加問句的主語用it ;如果是表示人的不定代 詞,附加問句的主語用he或they。2. 如果陳述句中有 hardly, nothing, never,little, few, nobody, no where, neither等表示否定意義的詞,附加問句要用肯定形式。3. 祈使句的附加問句一般是

23、在句尾加 will(won' t) you ?但以Let' s開頭的祈使句,其 附加問句要用shall we ?4. 如果陳述句是 “ I (don ' t) think / believe / suppose / imagine +that弓丨導(dǎo)的賓語從句”, 附加問句的主語應(yīng)與賓語從句的主語保持一致。I. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列英語句子,每空一詞。1. 這邊請!, please!2. 我來幫你吧。help you.3. 我們休息一下吧。a rest.4. 讓她走吧。leave.5. 要永遠(yuǎn)記住那個可怕的日子。that terrible day.6. 務(wù)必告訴他這個消息

24、!him the n ews!n.單項(xiàng)選擇()7.this kind of peach, and you will likeit.A. To tryB. Tryi ngC. Try D. Tried()8. the radio, please. The baby issleep ing now.A. Not turn onB. Don' tturn onC. Not turn downD. Don' tturn dow n ()9. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steve n.OK, I.A. will B. w

25、on ' t C. do D. don ' t ()10. Peter, don ' t step on the grass.A. It doesn' matterB. Ican ' t do itC. Don' tworryD. Sorry, Iwon' t do it again()11. Remember to ask her to call me back.A. Never mindB. ThatrightC. Up to youD. All right()12. Let ' s go out and enjoy the

26、sunshine.?. It ' s boring to stay at home.A. Sou nds greatB. Not at allD. No wayC. Forget it( )13. late for school aga in, Tim!Sorry, I promise that I.A. Don ' t won ' t B. Don ' t be; won ' tC. Don ' t be; don ' D. Don ' t will()14. Boys and girls,up your hands ifyou

27、 want to go for a pic nicthis weeke nd.A. puttingB. to put C. put D.puts【指點(diǎn)迷津】肯定結(jié)構(gòu)的祈使句常以謂語動詞原形開頭。否定結(jié)構(gòu)的祈使句常在謂語動詞原形前加上Never 或 Don' t。以let引導(dǎo)的祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),有以下幾種情況:1. “Let me+動詞原形",意為"請讓我”。2. “Let' s +動詞原形”,意為“讓我們”, 表示建議或請求。3. “ Let+第三人稱作賓語 +動詞原形”,意為“讓”,表示愿望、命令或允許。在開頭的動詞原形前加 Do (務(wù)必)或Always(永遠(yuǎn))

28、,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:Do write to us often!務(wù)必經(jīng)常給我們寫信。I. 按要求完成下面的句子,每空一詞。1. These flowers are very beautiful.(改為感嘆 句)these flowers are!2. The little boy is very clever.(改為感嘆句)the little boy is!3. It' s a funny story.(改為感嘆句)story it is!4. What a good girl she is!(改為同義句)girl she is!5. How delicious the food is!(

29、改為同義句)food it is!6. They are running fast.( 改為感嘆句)they are running!7. Her sister is a very lovely girl.( 改為感嘆句)lovely girl her sister is!her sister is!8. I have read a very interesting book.(改為感嘆 句)book I have read!9. Your dictionary is very useful.( 改為感嘆句)your dictio nary is!10. The children are si

30、nging and dancing happily.(改為感嘆句)the childre n are singing and dancing!n.單項(xiàng)選擇()11. What a frie ndly person! We alllike talking with him.A. is itB. is heC. it isD. he is( )12.swimmi ng in this river!A. How great funB. Whatgreat funC. How a great funD. What agreat fun()13.sad n ews it is! We must try

31、ourbest to help them out of trouble.A. What a B. WhatC. How aD. How()14. What fine weather we havethese days!A. a B. the C. / D. an()15.lovely day! Let' s go for a walk.A. What B. What a C. How D.How a()16.dangerous it is to ride on a busyroad!A. WhatB. What a CHowD.How a()17.great time we had l

32、ast week!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD.What a()18.man he is!A. Whatstrange aB.How astra ngeC. Whata strangeD.Whatstra nge()19.in terest ingit is toswimin thesea.A. HowB. What aC. WhatD. Howa()20.the soup tastes!A. How goodB. How wellC.WhatgoodD. What well【指點(diǎn)迷津】 what通常修飾名詞,引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:1. What + a(n) +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+

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