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1、一、Time and Location(1)ancient times- about 12th B.C.(2)location:Aegean Sea(愛(ài)琴海)周圍地區(qū)(culture:CreteMycenae)heavenly Aegean Sea二、The origin of Greek Mythology1.the symbols of natural things2.religious ceremonies3.historical legends4.the similarities of languages 5.art performanceThe contents of Greek M
2、ythology1.Gods stories2.Heroic legends三、Characteristics of Greek Mythology1.Anthropomorphism(神人同形同性)2.Worship of knowledge and for the secrets of nature and human nature3.Reflection of humans wish to change nature ;humans happiness;people foremost眾神眾神之王之王 宙斯宙斯Zeus愛(ài)與美神維納斯Venus四、四、Archetype of Greek M
3、ythologyarchetypearchetypefeaturefeature女性神話原型女性神話原型女性在審美層面女性在審美層面和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的矛盾和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的矛盾男性神話原型男性神話原型男權(quán)文化的統(tǒng)治男權(quán)文化的統(tǒng)治意識(shí)意識(shí)英雄原型英雄原型西方人英勇無(wú)畏西方人英勇無(wú)畏的征服欲望的征服欲望漂流原型漂流原型旅程冒險(xiǎn)傳奇旅程冒險(xiǎn)傳奇archarchetypeetypefeafeatureture尋找原型尋找原型追求物質(zhì)與理追求物質(zhì)與理性性父子沖突原型父子沖突原型權(quán)力沖突權(quán)力沖突母子沖突原型母子沖突原型男女沖突男女沖突兩性沖突原型兩性沖突原型男女不平等男女不平等五、Influence of Greek M
4、ythology1、historical cradle and spiritual source of the whole western culture2、a kind of basic pattern to understand the world3、source of various culture of the later generations cassandra complex 凱珊卓情結(jié) 希臘神話中的女預(yù)言家,特洛伊國(guó)王普里阿摩斯的女兒。身為神殿女巫,她獲阿波羅賦予預(yù)知命運(yùn)的能力,但阿波羅要求與她發(fā)生肉體關(guān)系作回報(bào),她拒絕了,阿波羅一怒下向她施以詛咒:凡她說(shuō)出口的預(yù)言將百發(fā)百中,
5、然而誰(shuí)也不信以為真。 心理學(xué)上指那些對(duì)尚未發(fā)生的災(zāi)難即將來(lái)臨深信不疑卻受到了周圍的嘲笑和輕視的人Example:The influence on English1.Muses(繆斯):希臘神話中掌管藝術(shù)的諸神。共九位,分別是歷史、抒情詩(shī)、喜劇(牧歌、田園詩(shī))、悲劇、歌舞、愛(ài)情詩(shī)、頌歌、天文、史詩(shī)。 Muses的藝術(shù)衍生出單詞music,Muses收藏藝術(shù)品的地方就是museum。藝術(shù)帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)便是amuse,amusement。2.Morpheus:希臘神話中的夢(mèng)神。夢(mèng)神是睡神Hypnos(許普諾斯)的兒子,掌管人們的夢(mèng)境。衍生詞:morphine(嗎啡),marijuana(大麻),兩者都是
6、opium(鴉片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉鎮(zhèn)定的作用。3.Eris(厄里斯) 不和女神,復(fù)仇女神。為了報(bào)復(fù)Narcissus(納西塞斯), 用詛咒使其最終死于自己的美麗。 衍生詞:“eristic a.爭(zhēng)論的,辯論的;有爭(zhēng)議的;詭辯的”。 n.爭(zhēng)論術(shù);論客4.Eros(厄洛斯):愛(ài)神。 是一位生有雙翼的美少年,相當(dāng)于羅馬神話中的Cupid(丘比特)。不管是Eros還是Cupid,成天無(wú)所事事,在天上飛來(lái)飛去練習(xí)射箭,搞得大家人心 惶惶。所以他們衍生出的單詞都含貶義:erotic色情的:cupidity貪心,貪婪。希臘眾神名字對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的影響希臘眾神名字對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的影響月份名詞;一月月份
7、名詞;一月J Januaryanuary來(lái)源于神話中守戶門(mén)的兩面神來(lái)源于神話中守戶門(mén)的兩面神J Janusanus三月三月M Marcharch戰(zhàn)神戰(zhàn)神M Marsars五月五月M May ay 掌管生殖和生長(zhǎng)的女神掌管生殖和生長(zhǎng)的女神M Maiaaia六月六月J Juneune來(lái)自來(lái)自天后天后J JunounoCronosCronos:宙斯的父親。害怕子女反抗自己,曾吞食自己的后代。:宙斯的父親。害怕子女反抗自己,曾吞食自己的后代。就像無(wú)情的時(shí)間,吞噬一切。因此字根就像無(wú)情的時(shí)間,吞噬一切。因此字根“chronchron”意指意指“timetime”。衍生衍生 詞:詞:chronic(chr
8、onic(耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的,慢性的耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的,慢性的) ):chronology(chronology(年代學(xué),年代學(xué),年表年表) )。AtlasAtlas:希臘神話中:希臘神話中Titans(Titans(泰坦泰坦) )巨神之一,因背叛巨神之一,因背叛Zeus(Zeus(宙斯宙斯) )被罰在世界的西邊盡頭以雙肩扛天。被罰在世界的西邊盡頭以雙肩扛天。1616世紀(jì)地理學(xué)家麥卡脫把世紀(jì)地理學(xué)家麥卡脫把AtlasAtlas擎天擎天 圖作為一本地圖冊(cè)的卷首插圖。后人爭(zhēng)相效仿,圖作為一本地圖冊(cè)的卷首插圖。后人爭(zhēng)相效仿, atlasatlas從此有了地圖、地圖集、身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)的人的含義。其他衍生詞:從此有了地圖、地
9、圖集、身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)的人的含義。其他衍生詞:AtlanticAtlantic。源于希臘神話的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)源于希臘神話的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)the sword of Damocles(the sword of Damocles(達(dá)摩克利斯之劍達(dá)摩克利斯之劍) ):DamoclesDamocles是敘拉古王朝的一位是敘拉古王朝的一位大臣,非常羨慕帝王的榮華富貴。一天,國(guó)王讓他坐在王位上,在大臣,非常羨慕帝王的榮華富貴。一天,國(guó)王讓他坐在王位上,在 DamoclesDamocles的頭上用一根頭發(fā)懸一把利劍,告訴他王權(quán)的危險(xiǎn)就象那把劍一樣,隨時(shí)可的頭上用一根頭發(fā)懸一把利劍,告訴他王權(quán)的危險(xiǎn)就象那把劍一樣,隨時(shí)可能降臨。因
10、此能降臨。因此the sword of Damoclesthe sword of Damocles就成了就成了“富貴中隱藏的危險(xiǎn)富貴中隱藏的危險(xiǎn)”的同義語(yǔ),的同義語(yǔ),也可以指形勢(shì)危急,千鈞一發(fā)。也可以指形勢(shì)危急,千鈞一發(fā)。Damon and PythiasDamon and Pythias:DamonDamon和和PythiasPythias是好朋友。是好朋友。PythiasPythias出事被判了死刑,出事被判了死刑,為了使他能夠回家探視親人,為了使他能夠回家探視親人,DamoDamo留在牢中作人質(zhì),如果留在牢中作人質(zhì),如果PythiasPythias不按時(shí)返不按時(shí)返 回,就處死回,就處死D
11、amonDamon。當(dāng)期限滿,臨處刑之際,。當(dāng)期限滿,臨處刑之際,PythiasPythias及時(shí)趕回。國(guó)王深受感及時(shí)趕回。國(guó)王深受感動(dòng),將二人全部釋放,因此,動(dòng),將二人全部釋放,因此,Damon and PythiasDamon and Pythias意思就是意思就是“生死之交生死之交”。PenelopPenelops webs web:源自史詩(shī):源自史詩(shī)奧德賽奧德賽(Odyssey)(Odyssey)。泊涅羅珀。泊涅羅珀(Penelop)(Penelop)是是奧底修斯奧底修斯(Odysseus)(Odysseus)的妻子,以忠貞而著稱。特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)的妻子,以忠貞而著稱。特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù) 了
12、十年,了十年,OdysseusOdysseus在返家的途中又耽擱了十年。在這漫長(zhǎng)的二十年中,許多王公貴族在返家的途中又耽擱了十年。在這漫長(zhǎng)的二十年中,許多王公貴族向向PenelopPenelop求婚,她都托辭說(shuō)必須等織完布后才能予以考慮,一求婚,她都托辭說(shuō)必須等織完布后才能予以考慮,一 到晚上,她到晚上,她又將白天織好的布再拆開(kāi)。因此又將白天織好的布再拆開(kāi)。因此PenelopPenelops webs web就成了一項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)也完不成的就成了一項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)也完不成的工作。工作。下面選取了下面選取了1212個(gè)例句。這個(gè)例句。這1212個(gè)句子都含有出自希臘神話中的典故。這些典故用詞不多,個(gè)句子都含有出自希臘
13、神話中的典故。這些典故用詞不多,但內(nèi)涵豐富,寓意深刻。但內(nèi)涵豐富,寓意深刻。1 1Thanks to her agentThanks to her agent,a a veritable Pygmalionveritable Pygmalion,she she was transformed from an was transformed from an ugly duckling into a ugly duckling into a Hollywood beauty. Hollywood beauty. 皮格馬利翁(皮格馬利翁(PygmalionPygmalion)是塞)是塞浦路斯國(guó)(浦路
14、斯國(guó)(CyprusCyprus)國(guó)王,也)國(guó)王,也是一位雕刻家。他愛(ài)上了自己是一位雕刻家。他愛(ài)上了自己所雕塑的少女像(所雕塑的少女像(GalateaGalatea),),愛(ài)與美的女神阿佛洛狄特愛(ài)與美的女神阿佛洛狄特(AphroditeAphrodite)見(jiàn)其感情真摯,)見(jiàn)其感情真摯,賦予雕像以生命,使兩人結(jié)為賦予雕像以生命,使兩人結(jié)為夫妻。夫妻。PygmalionPygmalion現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“對(duì)對(duì)他人或物抱有積極主動(dòng)、熱切他人或物抱有積極主動(dòng)、熱切期盼態(tài)度的人期盼態(tài)度的人”。例句中。例句中PygmalionPygmalion正是取了該意。正是取了該意。 2 2The present sc
15、hool curriculum seems The present school curriculum seems to some students a procrustean bed. to some students a procrustean bed. 句中的句中的procrusteanprocrustean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。procrustesprocrustes是古希臘阿提卡是古希臘阿提卡(AtticaAttica)一帶的巨人,譯為柏魯克洛斯德。)一帶的巨人,譯為柏魯克洛斯德。他攔路搶劫,把受害人綁在床榻之上。如果他攔路搶劫,把受害人綁在床榻
16、之上。如果受害人身高超過(guò)床榻,柏魯克洛斯德就截?cái)嗍芎θ松砀叱^(guò)床榻,柏魯克洛斯德就截?cái)嗥湎轮蝗绻芎θ松砀叨逃诖查?,他就抻其下肢;如果受害人身高短于床榻,他就抻長(zhǎng)其下肢,使其與床榻齊長(zhǎng)。長(zhǎng)其下肢,使其與床榻齊長(zhǎng)。procrustean procrustean 現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“強(qiáng)求一致的;削足適履的強(qiáng)求一致的;削足適履的”; procrustean bedprocrustean bed喻指喻指“強(qiáng)求一致的制度或強(qiáng)求一致的制度或政策政策”。例句中。例句中procrustean bedprocrustean bed正是取了正是取了該意。該意。 3 3The Argus-eyed examiner
17、 The Argus-eyed examiner certainly contributed to certainly contributed to the honesty of the the honesty of the candidatescandidates ArgusArgus是希臘神話中的百眼巨人,是希臘神話中的百眼巨人,譯為阿耳戈斯。他受命護(hù)衛(wèi)宙譯為阿耳戈斯。他受命護(hù)衛(wèi)宙斯(斯(ZeusZeus)所鐘愛(ài)的少女)所鐘愛(ài)的少女艾奧(艾奧(IoIo),后被眾神的使者),后被眾神的使者赫耳墨斯(赫耳墨斯(HermesHermes)所殺。他)所殺。他的眼睛被放在了孔雀的尾巴上。的眼睛被放在
18、了孔雀的尾巴上。Argus Argus 現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“機(jī)警之人機(jī)警之人”;Argus-eyed Argus-eyed 喻指喻指“機(jī)警的;目機(jī)警的;目光銳利的光銳利的”。例句中。例句中Argus-Argus-eyed eyed 正是取了該意。有目光敏正是取了該意。有目光敏銳的監(jiān)考者在場(chǎng),考生的誠(chéng)實(shí)銳的監(jiān)考者在場(chǎng),考生的誠(chéng)實(shí)程度也隨之有所提高。程度也隨之有所提高。 4 4The preparation of the Oxford The preparation of the Oxford English Dictionary was a English Dictionary was a her
19、culean taskherculean task 句中的句中的herculeanherculean是形容詞,由專有是形容詞,由專有名詞名詞Her-culesHer-cules派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。HerculesHercules是宙斯(是宙斯(ZeusZeus)與阿爾克墨涅)與阿爾克墨涅(Alcmene Alcmene )之子,譯為赫拉克勒斯。)之子,譯為赫拉克勒斯。他是一位力大無(wú)比的英雄,克服了種他是一位力大無(wú)比的英雄,克服了種種艱難困苦,冒險(xiǎn)完成了種艱難困苦,冒險(xiǎn)完成了1212項(xiàng)強(qiáng)加給項(xiàng)強(qiáng)加給他的任務(wù)。他的任務(wù)。HerculesHercules現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“無(wú)比無(wú)比英勇之人英勇之人”;
20、herculeanherculean喻指喻指“極其極其驍勇的;艱巨的驍勇的;艱巨的”。例句中。例句中herculeanherculean取取“艱巨的艱巨的”之意。編纂之意。編纂字典無(wú)疑是一項(xiàng)艱苦卓絕的工作。字典無(wú)疑是一項(xiàng)艱苦卓絕的工作。 5 5Tired of political dodgesTired of political dodges,the wouldthe wouldbe candidate decided to cut the Gordian knot by be candidate decided to cut the Gordian knot by announcing th
21、at he would runannouncing that he would run 句中的句中的GordianGordian是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞GordiusGordius派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。GordiusGordius是弗里吉亞國(guó)(是弗里吉亞國(guó)(PhrygiaPhrygia)國(guó)王,譯)國(guó)王,譯為戈?duì)柕?。他打了一個(gè)復(fù)雜難解的結(jié),被稱為為戈?duì)柕稀K蛄艘粋€(gè)復(fù)雜難解的結(jié),被稱為“戈?duì)柕系慕Y(jié)戈?duì)柕系慕Y(jié)”(Gordian knotGordian knot)。當(dāng)馬其頓國(guó)王亞歷)。當(dāng)馬其頓國(guó)王亞歷山大聽(tīng)到神諭允諾,解開(kāi)此結(jié)者將成為下一個(gè)亞洲之王時(shí),在無(wú)法解開(kāi)此結(jié)的情況下,他揮舞利劍
22、將山大聽(tīng)到神諭允諾,解開(kāi)此結(jié)者將成為下一個(gè)亞洲之王時(shí),在無(wú)法解開(kāi)此結(jié)的情況下,他揮舞利劍將其斬開(kāi)。其斬開(kāi)。Gordian knotGordian knot現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“難辦的事,復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題難辦的事,復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題”;cut the Gordian knot cut the Gordian knot 喻指喻指“快刀斬快刀斬亂麻式地解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題亂麻式地解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題”。例句中。例句中cut the Gordian knotcut the Gordian knot正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這位競(jìng)選者厭倦了躲躲閃這位競(jìng)選者厭倦了躲躲閃閃的方式,決定直截了當(dāng)?shù)匦紖⒓痈?jìng)選。閃的方式,決定直截了當(dāng)?shù)匦?/p>
23、參加競(jìng)選?!?” 6 6He was thought of as a titan of the American automobile industryHe was thought of as a titan of the American automobile industry TitanTitan是天神馬拉諾斯(是天神馬拉諾斯(UranusUranus)與大地女神蓋亞()與大地女神蓋亞(GaeaGaea)之子,譯為泰坦,是一位巨神。)之子,譯為泰坦,是一位巨神。TitanTitan現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在喻指喻指“巨物;巨人,有成就的人巨物;巨人,有成就的人”。例句中的。例句中的titantitan取取“
24、有成就的人有成就的人”之意,之意,“他被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)汽車他被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)汽車工業(yè)的巨頭。工業(yè)的巨頭?!?” 7 7The multimillionaire wondered, with satisfaction, if he truly had the Midas touchThe multimillionaire wondered, with satisfaction, if he truly had the Midas touch 邁達(dá)斯(邁達(dá)斯(MidasMidas)是弗里吉亞國(guó)()是弗里吉亞國(guó)(PhrygiaPhrygia)國(guó)王,他要求神賜予他一種特殊的魔力,能把他觸摸到的)國(guó)王,他要求神
25、賜予他一種特殊的魔力,能把他觸摸到的一切變成黃金?,F(xiàn)在一切變成黃金?,F(xiàn)在MidasMidas喻指喻指“大富翁;善于賺大錢(qián)之人大富翁;善于賺大錢(qián)之人”。 the Midas touchthe Midas touch喻指喻指“賺大錢(qián)的本賺大錢(qián)的本領(lǐng)領(lǐng)”。例句中。例句中 the Midas touchthe Midas touch正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這位大富翁志得意滿,思量著自己是否真正具備了這位大富翁志得意滿,思量著自己是否真正具備了賺大錢(qián)的本領(lǐng)。賺大錢(qián)的本領(lǐng)?!?” 8 8Vietnam was President Johnsons Achilles heelVietnam was P
26、resident Johnsons Achilles heel 阿基里斯(阿基里斯(AchillesAchilles)出生后,其母捏住他的腳踵倒提著把他放到斯提克斯()出生后,其母捏住他的腳踵倒提著把他放到斯提克斯(River StyxRiver Styx)河水里浸)河水里浸泡。被該河河水浸泡之后,他渾身堅(jiān)硬如鐵,刀槍不久,但是他母親所捏的腳踵未沾河水,所以成為泡。被該河河水浸泡之后,他渾身堅(jiān)硬如鐵,刀槍不久,但是他母親所捏的腳踵未沾河水,所以成為他的致命之處,容易遭受傷害。阿基里斯也正是因?yàn)槟_踵被箭擊中而死?,F(xiàn)在他的致命之處,容易遭受傷害。阿基里斯也正是因?yàn)槟_踵被箭擊中而死?,F(xiàn)在Achill
27、es heelAchilles heel喻指喻指“致命弱點(diǎn),唯一弱點(diǎn)致命弱點(diǎn),唯一弱點(diǎn)”。例句中。例句中Achilles heelAchilles heel正是取了該意。正是取了該意。9 9His protean personality fascinated his friends but at the same time caused them to His protean personality fascinated his friends but at the same time caused them to distrust himdistrust him 句中的句中的proteanp
28、rotean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞ProteusProteus派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。ProteusProteus是一位小海神,譯為普羅透斯。他是一位小海神,譯為普羅透斯。他是海神波塞冬(是海神波塞冬(PoseidonPoseidon)的仆人,能隨心所欲地改變自己的容貌。)的仆人,能隨心所欲地改變自己的容貌。ProteusProteus現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“反復(fù)無(wú)常的反復(fù)無(wú)常的人或物人或物”;ProteanProtean喻指喻指“變化多端的;多才多藝的變化多端的;多才多藝的”。例句中。例句中proteanprotean取取“變化多端的變化多端的”之意。個(gè)之意。個(gè)性變化無(wú)常的確難以取信
29、于人。性變化無(wú)常的確難以取信于人。 1010The police have had a Briarean grasp of the details of the murder caseThe police have had a Briarean grasp of the details of the murder case 句中的句中的BriareanBriarean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞BriarensBriarens派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。BriarensBriarens是希臘神話中的百手巨人,譯是希臘神話中的百手巨人,譯為布里阿柔斯。他幫助宙斯(為布里阿柔斯。他幫助宙斯(Z
30、 Zeuseus)與泰坦()與泰坦(TitanTitan)作戰(zhàn)。)作戰(zhàn)。BriareanBriarean現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“到處伸手的;多手到處伸手的;多手的;多方面的的;多方面的”。例句中。例句中BriareanBriarean取取“多方面的多方面的”之意,之意,“警察已經(jīng)多方面掌握了該謀殺案的情警察已經(jīng)多方面掌握了該謀殺案的情況。況。” ” 11. If you continue to keep in touch with the drugpusher, you will sup with Pluto. 11. If you continue to keep in touch with th
31、e drugpusher, you will sup with Pluto. PlutoPluto是希臘神話中掌管陰曹地府的冥王,譯為普路托。是希臘神話中掌管陰曹地府的冥王,譯為普路托。 sup with Plutosup with Pluto直譯為直譯為“與冥王共進(jìn)晚與冥王共進(jìn)晚餐餐”,其比喻含義就是,其比喻含義就是“死亡死亡”。例句中。例句中sup with Plutosup with Pluto正是取正是取“死亡死亡”之意。販毒分子是世界各之意。販毒分子是世界各國(guó)追捕的對(duì)象,與他們打交道無(wú)疑將自己推上了死亡之路。國(guó)追捕的對(duì)象,與他們打交道無(wú)疑將自己推上了死亡之路。 1212The you
32、ng people were all touched by the Orphean singerThe young people were all touched by the Orphean singer 句中的句中的OrpheanOrphean是形容詞,由專有名詞是形容詞,由專有名詞OrpheusOrpheus派生而來(lái)。派生而來(lái)。OrpheusOrpheus是希臘神話中的詩(shī)人和音樂(lè)家,譯是希臘神話中的詩(shī)人和音樂(lè)家,譯為奧菲士。他的音樂(lè)今萬(wàn)物感動(dòng)。他的妻子歐律狄克(為奧菲士。他的音樂(lè)今萬(wàn)物感動(dòng)。他的妻子歐律狄克(EurydiceEurydice)被蛇咬死,奧菲士含悲前往冥府)被蛇咬死,奧菲士
33、含悲前往冥府尋找。冥王為其悲歌所動(dòng),放走了他的妻子,但命令他在未出冥府之前不可回首翹望。奧菲士在即尋找。冥王為其悲歌所動(dòng),放走了他的妻子,但命令他在未出冥府之前不可回首翹望。奧菲士在即將出冥府那一刻,偶一回頭,只見(jiàn)自己的妻子在冥府口消失。將出冥府那一刻,偶一回頭,只見(jiàn)自己的妻子在冥府口消失。OrpheanOrphean現(xiàn)在喻指現(xiàn)在喻指“迷人的;令人神往迷人的;令人神往的的”。例句中。例句中OrpheanOrphean正是取了該意,正是取了該意,“這些年輕人都被這位迷人的歌手打動(dòng)了這些年輕人都被這位迷人的歌手打動(dòng)了”。希臘神話人物青銅時(shí)代的十二主神神王宙斯(Zeus) Zeus (Jupiter
34、): Son of Cronus, overthrew(推翻) his father to free his five siblings(兄弟姐妹) and rule the gods. Wielding the thunderbolt(雷電), he is the most powerful of all the gods, but he is by no means invincible. On many occasions Zeus must bow to fate. He produces many other gods through his infidelity(忠誠(chéng)) and c
35、auses much conflict with his wife Hera. Mortals hold Zeus in the highest esteem(敬重) of all the gods. His bird is the eagle and his tree is the oak.天后赫拉(Hera) Hera (Juno): Wife and sister of Jupiter. She is a protector of marriage and often a goddess of childbirth. Her role in mythology is usually th
36、at of the jealous wife punishing the women with whom Zeus has sex. Her jealousy of Aphrodite causes her aggressive involvement in the Trojan War. In the tale of the Golden Fleece, she protects men. Cows and peacocks are sacred to her. Her favorite city is Argos.海神波塞冬(Poseidon) Poseidon (Neptune): On
37、e of the three Olympian brothers, Poseidon drew the lot for control of the ocean. Of the gods, he is second in power to Zeus. He is also known as the Earth shaker. He allegedly helped build the sacred walls of Troy. He gave the first horse to men and horses remained his sacred animal.冥神哈德斯(Hades) Ha
38、des (Pluto): The third of the Olympian brothers. He drew the lot to rule the underworld. Although he is allowed on Olympus, he is not truly welcome there. He made Persephonep:sefni (珀?duì)柸D?) his wife and rules with her as King of the dead.灶神赫斯提亞(Hestia) Zeus sister. God of the hearth(灶臺(tái)). The symble
39、of the house around which new born child is carried before it is received into the family. Of all the olympians,she is the mildest,most upright and most charitable.智慧女神雅典娜(Athene) Athena (Minerva): The daughter of Zeus who sprang from his head fully dressed in arms. She is often depicted as a warrio
40、r(武士) goddess as well as the goddess of wisdom. She is allowed to use her fathers weapons(兵器). She is a virgin(處女,純潔的). Her city is Athens; her tree is the olive tree and her bird is the owl(貓頭鷹).戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯(Ares) Ares (Mars): The god of war, son of Zeus and Hera. He is hated for his inhumanity(殘忍;暴虐 ) an
41、d brutality( 暴虐行為 ). He appears little in mythology and was loved more by the Romans than the Greeks. The vulture(禿鷲 ) and the dog are sacred to him.太陽(yáng)神阿波羅(Apollo) Apollo: He is the son of Zeus and Leto. The god of poetry, music, archery and healing. He was born on Delos. He is called Pythonian from
42、 a python (蛇屬) he killed and Sminthian, the mouse god. The dolphin and the crow(烏鴉 ) are sacred to him. The laurel(月桂樹(shù)) is his tree.月神阿爾忒瑞斯(Artemis) Artemis (Diana): The twin sister of Apollo. Artemis is a virgin huntress who also possesses aspects of the moon goddess Luna/Selene/Phoebe(光明的). The cy
43、press(柏樹(shù)) is her tree and deer are sacred to her although she is a patron of the forest and all things contained within.愛(ài)情女神阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite) Aphrodite (Venus): The goddess of love and beauty. Sometimes said to be a daughter of Zeus, sometimes a sister. In the Iliad伊利亞特 she is the daughter of Zeus an
44、d Dione. In other places, she was born from the sea near Cythereasri . Her beauty is often wicked or destructive. She is married to Hephaestus, although she often cheats on him. The myrtle is her tree. The sparrow, dove, and swan(天鵝 ) are her birds.火神匠神赫菲斯托斯(Hephaestus) Hephaestus (Vulcan): The son
45、of Hera; was cast out of heaven either by Zeus or his mother. Although he loves peace, he is the god of the forge(鍛造) and makes the most highly esteemed weapons in the world. He is a patron of craftsmen(名匠 ) and an omen(前兆) of civilization. He is kind and peace loving. He is the only god to be physi
46、cally ugly. He is also lame. 他是諸神的工匠,具有高超的技巧,制造了許多著名的神兵神器。傳說(shuō)阿波羅駕駛的日車、厄洛斯的金箭銀箭、宙斯的神盾都是他制造的。神使赫爾墨斯(Heimes) Son of Zeus. God of commerce. Messanger for all the other gods. Guide for the died to the underworld. He is thecleverest of the olympian gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sand-
47、 als,a winged hat,and carries a magic wand(棒).Pandoras box In classical Greek mythology, Pandora was the first woman on Earth. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to create her. So he did, using water and earth. The gods endowed her with many gifts: Athena clothed her, Aphrodite gave her beauty, Apollo gave her
48、 musical ability, and Hermes gave her speech. When Prometheus stole fire from heaven, Zeus took vengeance by presenting Pandora to Prometheus brother Epimetheus. Pandora was given a wedding gift of a beautiful jar, with instructions to not open it under any circumstance. Impelled by her curiosity (g
49、iven to her by the gods), Pandora opened it and all evil contained in there escaped and spread over the earth. She hastened to close the container, but the whole contents had escaped, except for one thing that lay at the bottom the Spirit of Hope. 在古典希臘神話,潘多拉是地球上的第一個(gè)女人。宙斯命令赫創(chuàng)造她。所以赫用水和土創(chuàng)造了她。神賦予她許多禮物:
50、 雅典娜、 阿芙羅狄蒂給了她的美貌、 阿波羅給了她音樂(lè)的能力,赫爾墨斯給了她演講能力。 當(dāng)普羅米修斯偷了天堂之火時(shí),宙斯普羅米修斯的弟弟 Epimetheus 提出潘多拉報(bào)仇。潘多拉是鑒于結(jié)婚禮物的一個(gè)美麗的罐子里,不打開(kāi)它在任何情況下的說(shuō)明。她 (送給她的神) 的好奇心的驅(qū)使,潘多拉打開(kāi)了它和其中所載的所有罪惡逃脫和遍布地球。她急忙關(guān)閉的容器,但整個(gè)內(nèi)容逃了出來(lái),除了一件事,躺在底部 希望精神,An apple of discord“不和的金蘋(píng)果”In ancient Greek mythology legends,Peleus and Thetis invited all the gods
51、 of Olympus except the goddess Eris. Eris put an inscription “for the most beautiful” the words of the golden apple, secretly on the weeding banquet, causing days of the goddess Athena and Hera wise God of love and beauty Venuss competition, all of them want to keep for themselves. Zeus said Trojan
52、prince Paris could make the evaluation. Finally, apple belongs to Aphrodite. Since then, Hera and Athena hated the king of Troy and Paris. With the help of Zeus, they had their revenge, leading to the Trojan War lasted ten years, and finally end with the fall of Troy.在古希臘神話中傳說(shuō),帕里斯(在古希臘神話中傳說(shuō),帕里斯(Pele
53、us)和西迪斯()和西迪斯(Thetis)舉行婚禮時(shí),)舉行婚禮時(shí),邀請(qǐng)奧林匹斯山的眾神參加,卻忘了專司爭(zhēng)吵的女神厄里斯邀請(qǐng)奧林匹斯山的眾神參加,卻忘了專司爭(zhēng)吵的女神厄里斯(Eris)。厄里斯。厄里斯就把一只上面刻著就把一只上面刻著“送給最美麗的人送給最美麗的人”字樣的金蘋(píng)果偷偷放在婚禮宴會(huì)上,字樣的金蘋(píng)果偷偷放在婚禮宴會(huì)上,引起天后赫拉(引起天后赫拉(Hera)、智慧女神雅典娜()、智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)和愛(ài)與美女神阿佛洛)和愛(ài)與美女神阿佛洛狄忒(狄忒(Aphrodite)的爭(zhēng)奪,個(gè)個(gè)都想占為己有。后來(lái)特洛伊王子()的爭(zhēng)奪,個(gè)個(gè)都想占為己有。后來(lái)特洛伊王子(Paris)出來(lái)評(píng)判,讓給
54、了阿佛洛狄忒(出來(lái)評(píng)判,讓給了阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite)。從此赫拉和雅典娜就對(duì)帕)。從此赫拉和雅典娜就對(duì)帕里斯和特洛伊王懷恨在心,并借宙斯的報(bào)復(fù)下,導(dǎo)致歷時(shí)十年的特洛伊戰(zhàn)里斯和特洛伊王懷恨在心,并借宙斯的報(bào)復(fù)下,導(dǎo)致歷時(shí)十年的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),終以特洛伊的陷落而結(jié)束爭(zhēng),終以特洛伊的陷落而結(jié)束Trojan Wooden Horse In the Trojan War, all the Greek city-states, in order to help Menelaus the king of Sparta recapture his beautiful and beloved wife Helen, they concentrated their soldiers to fight against Troy, but the Trojans were courageous and tenacious, the war lasted nine years.Later a Greek military called Odysseus came up with
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