薄冰高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之17·主謂一致

1、紙介圖書雙擊此處跟蹤鏈接天貓旗艦店·京東有售 薄冰高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之十六 主謂一致主 編 薄 冰 執(zhí)行主編 莊志琳 葛炳芳 田紹慧山西教育出版社2014年最新版出 版 人 雷俊林 出版策劃 苗補(bǔ)坤責(zé)任編輯 張榮榮ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)交流微平臺(tái) 紙介圖書京東旗艦店 紙介圖書天貓旗艦店 百度閱讀手持媒體免費(fèi)讀丨學(xué)英語(yǔ)，憑什么讓我學(xué)語(yǔ)法嗎？不時(shí)聽到一些青年問(wèn)道：學(xué)英語(yǔ)一定要學(xué)語(yǔ)法嗎？語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該怎么學(xué)呢？我們就這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)單地談一點(diǎn)個(gè)人意見(jiàn)。對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，尤其是成年人，我看是學(xué)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法好。語(yǔ)法，顧名思義，乃是語(yǔ)言的法則和規(guī)律。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法，尤其是一些基本法則，至少有下

2、列幾個(gè)好處：第一  可以使你學(xué)得快些，因?yàn)橐延鞋F(xiàn)成的前人總結(jié)的法則，用不著你從頭摸索。第二  可以使你學(xué)得透些，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)語(yǔ)法對(duì)語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象不僅可以知其然，而且可以知其所以然。第三  可以使你學(xué)得準(zhǔn)些，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法法則就是一條條準(zhǔn)繩，可以用以衡量一句話是否正確。第四  語(yǔ)法不但可以引你入門，更可以引你入勝，使你逐漸眼界開闊，語(yǔ)感加深，從而使你的英語(yǔ)水平不斷提高。丨那么應(yīng)該如何學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法呢？我認(rèn)為在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法過(guò)程中，應(yīng)該注意下面幾點(diǎn)：第一  基本概念最重要。在學(xué)習(xí)每個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目時(shí)，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢記在

3、心。第二  要大量地實(shí)踐，大量地練習(xí)。實(shí)踐要包括聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫四個(gè)方面，練習(xí)要著重說(shuō)和寫。第三  學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法時(shí)，應(yīng)多用比較法。如對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、冠詞、介詞、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)等較難的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行相互比較，效果就比較好。  第四  要將語(yǔ)法法則與習(xí)慣用法分開。碰到習(xí)慣用法，就不必鉆牛角尖，進(jìn)行徒勞的分析。而習(xí)慣用法在英語(yǔ)中則是大量地存在著的。第五  將一本語(yǔ)法書通讀一遍，當(dāng)然也不無(wú)好處。但最好將它作為工具書，像詞典一樣地經(jīng)常查閱，始能學(xué)得比較細(xì)致牢靠。第六  實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法只應(yīng)是入門的向?qū)В褚桓?/p>

4、棍一樣。英語(yǔ)達(dá)到一定水平之后，就應(yīng)將它扔掉。起碼不要讓許多語(yǔ)法條條充斥頭腦，影響你說(shuō)和寫的流利性。最后  可能還會(huì)有人說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該學(xué)，就是太枯燥。我的感覺(jué)是：開頭有點(diǎn)枯燥，過(guò)些時(shí)候，就會(huì)像嚼橄欖似的，越學(xué)越有味了。如若不信，請(qǐng)?jiān)囋嚳础?薄冰高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之·主謂一致目 錄171 主謂一致原則 語(yǔ)法一致原則 意義一致原則 就近一致原則172 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)173 由介詞短語(yǔ)連接的主語(yǔ)174 代詞作主語(yǔ)175 數(shù)詞或量詞詞組作主語(yǔ)6 單元練習(xí)Unit 17 主 謂 一 致 主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。通常情況下，主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取相

5、應(yīng)的形式。17-1主謂一致原則現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中主謂一致大致要遵循以下3條原則：1 語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致的原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它的主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上必須保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My friend has no intention of going shopping with me. 我的朋友不想和我一起去購(gòu)物。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me. 我的朋友們不想和我一起去購(gòu)物。(1) 在There be句型中，be的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于靠近be的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。如：

6、There has been little change in the city. 這個(gè)城市沒(méi)有多少變化。There have been only two major political parties in the United States， the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. 美國(guó)一直以來(lái)只有兩大政黨：共和黨和民主黨。試題解析：There to be many arguments on both sides. A. seemsB. is C. seemD. are【答案選C】在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于be后面的

7、名詞，此句be后面的名詞即句子的主語(yǔ)是many arguments，所以seem正確。(2) 在“one of.”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，因?yàn)閛ne是這個(gè)名詞詞組的中心詞；“two of.”結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，因?yàn)閠wo是這個(gè)名詞詞組的中心詞。如：One of the books I borrowed from him is Tess of the D'Urbervilles. 我從他那里借到的其中一本書是德伯家的苔絲。Ten of the boys in their classes are from Guangdong. 他們班上10個(gè)男孩來(lái)自廣東。但倒裝句的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后，應(yīng)注

8、意避免誤用。如：At the airport were many people coming and going. 機(jī)場(chǎng)有許多來(lái)來(lái)往往的人。Never before has she been to Amsterdam. 她以前從沒(méi)去過(guò)阿姆斯特丹。Within the playground were a group of children playing soldiers. 操場(chǎng)上有一群孩子在玩打仗。2 意義一致原則意義一致的原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致，是由主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念來(lái)決定的，而不是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的實(shí)際語(yǔ)法形式。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)，但所表達(dá)的概念是復(fù)數(shù)意義，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式

9、。如：The class are listening to me. 全班學(xué)生在聽我講課。The football team are having breakfast now. 足球隊(duì)員們?cè)诔栽顼垺?1) 主語(yǔ)是抽象概念、短語(yǔ)或從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。如：To tell lies is wrong. 說(shuō)謊是不對(duì)的。eeping a house is a tiring job. 管理家務(wù)是件很勞累的事。How that happened is not clear to anyone. 這事是怎么樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。注意： 用what或which引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或簡(jiǎn)單句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)的概念取決于后

10、面的表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗鼈冞壿嬌系囊饬x是相同的。如： Which seat is yours? 你的座位是哪個(gè)? Which seats are yours? 你們的座位是哪幾個(gè)? What they gave me as a reward are some books. 他們獎(jiǎng)給我的是一些書。 單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，不定式作主語(yǔ)，以及主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若用and連接兩個(gè)成分，謂語(yǔ)才用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Setting fire to public buildings is seriously against the law. 放火焚燒公共建筑物是嚴(yán)重的違法行為。What I think and w

11、hat I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我想什么，我追求什么，都已在我的文章中表達(dá)清楚了。試題解析：What the teacher and the students want to say _ that either of the coun-tries _ beautiful.A. are；areB. are；isC. is；isD. is；are【答案選C】譯文：師生都想說(shuō)的是，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都很漂亮。 (2) and所連接的兩個(gè)名詞或短語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)。如： The English te

12、acher and head teacher is a young man. 英語(yǔ)老師兼班主任是一個(gè)年輕人。 The last and most difficult lesson is Lesson 14. 第14課是最后一課也是最難的一課。A teacher and singer was present at the evening party. 有位老師兼歌手參加了晚會(huì)。The cart and horse was owned by a farmer. 那輛馬車歸一位農(nóng)民所有。注意： 比較：The singer and the dancer are popular with the you

13、ng people. 那個(gè)歌唱家和那個(gè)舞蹈家（兩個(gè)不同的人）很受年輕人喜歡。The cart and the horse were owned by a farmer. 那輛車和那匹馬由一位農(nóng)民所有。 下列詞組通常視作單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：a needle and thread 穿了線的針 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a desk and chair 一套桌椅 a watch and chain 帶鏈的手表 (3) 如果被each，every，no，many a或more than one所修飾，即使由and連接并列作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上也用單數(shù)形式。如：Ma

14、ny a student was deeply moved by the teacher's words.許多學(xué)生為老師的話所深深地打動(dòng)。Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 許多醫(yī)生和護(hù)士都忙于他們的工作。No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)人和動(dòng)物。Every teacher and every student wants to see the film. 每位教師、每個(gè)學(xué)生都想去看電影。Each child has a name.

15、每個(gè)小孩有他自己的名字。Each boy and (each) girl wants to help the old man. 男孩，女孩都想幫助那位老人。Every train and (every) bus was crowded during the Spring Festival.春節(jié)期間，每輛火車和汽車都很擁擠。應(yīng)當(dāng)指出：every 和each不同，只能作定語(yǔ)，不能構(gòu)成every of短語(yǔ)，但可用every one of的結(jié)構(gòu)。試題解析： 1. Everyone here，including children and old people _ in for sports.A. goB

16、. goingC. to goD. goes 【答案選D】譯文：這里，包括兒童和老人在內(nèi)的每個(gè)人都愛(ài)好體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 2. Each of the _ in the ship.A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own roomC. passenger have their own roomD. passengers has his own room 【答案選D】譯文：每位旅客在船上都有自己的房間。 (4) one and a half跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half banana

17、s was eaten by that monkey. 那猴子吃下了一個(gè)半香蕉。One and a half years has passed since the war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)到現(xiàn)在已有一年半了。(5) 由and連接的兩個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided. 何時(shí)何地開這次會(huì)議還沒(méi)有決定。試題解析：When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. ar

18、e not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided 【答案選A】譯文：何時(shí)何地建新工廠還未決定。 (6) 學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致：某些學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但這些詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。這些詞包括： electronicsmechanicsclassicslinguisticseconomicsstatisticsphysics mathematics astronomypolitics等。如：Electronics is a piece of cake to him. 電子學(xué)是他很喜歡的學(xué)科。Q

19、uantum mechanics supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms. 量子力學(xué)提供了所有這些領(lǐng)域中實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的運(yùn)算方法。(7) 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)用and和both連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Both rice and cotton are grown in the southern area. 在南方地區(qū)人們種植水稻和棉花。Coal and oil exist in large quantities on the earth. 地球上存在著大量的煤炭和石油。(8)

20、 and所連接的兩個(gè)名詞或短語(yǔ)所指的不是同一個(gè)人、同一個(gè)事物或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Medicine and food are badly needed there. 那兒十分需要藥品和食物。Collecting stamps and playing the guitar are my two hobbies. 集郵和彈吉他是我的兩大愛(ài)好。The English teacher and the head teacher are both young men.英語(yǔ)老師和班主任都是年輕人。(9) 群島、山脈、瀑布等專有名詞，如：the Alps，the Philippines，Nia

21、gara Falls等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Niagara Falls are a splendid scene. 尼亞加拉瀑布是一處壯麗的景觀。The Philippines lie to the southeast of China. 菲律賓群島位于中國(guó)東南部。Which country do the Straits of Gibraltar belong to? 直布羅陀海峽屬于哪個(gè)國(guó)家?(10) 表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如表示抽象概念，被視作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示具體的多少，強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Ten

22、 minutes is all that I can spare for you. 我只能給你10分鐘時(shí)間。Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her. 對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，六千美元是一個(gè)大數(shù)目。The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 50英里路冠軍只跑了3個(gè)小時(shí)。Eight hours of sleep is enough. 8小時(shí)的睡眠足夠了。Ten pounds was missing from the till. 收銀臺(tái)里的10英鎊不見(jiàn)了。試題解析：Twent

23、y-five years _ since I graduated from college.A. passB. passed C. has passed D. has been passed 【答案選C】表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。從句中介詞since暗示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。pass作“經(jīng)過(guò)”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞。(11) 表示書名、報(bào)名、劇名、國(guó)名等的名詞（或詞組）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如只指一種、一本或一個(gè)，不論它形式上是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)形式。如：The adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the fa

24、mous American humorist Mark Twain. 哈克貝利·芬歷險(xiǎn)記是著名的美國(guó)幽默作家馬克·吐溫寫的。The New York Times is not available here. 紐約時(shí)報(bào)這里沒(méi)有。The United States was founded in 1776. 美國(guó)是1776年建立的。War and Peace is the longest book I've read. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是我看過(guò)的最長(zhǎng)的小說(shuō)。General Motors has recently closed down a plant. 通用汽車公司最近關(guān)閉了一

25、家工廠。 (12) 一些形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意思為單數(shù)的名詞如，trousers，pants，shorts，glasses，scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼鏡是新的。My trousers are old. 我的褲子是舊的。但當(dāng)這類名詞前有a （ the.） pair of 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，如：This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou. 這把剪刀是杭州制造的。The pair of trousers is cheap. 這條褲子很便宜。(13) 如主語(yǔ)指的是一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如

26、果指的是單個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The sick here are very well cared for. 這里的病人都被照顧得很好。The blind are taught trades in special schools. 盲人在特殊學(xué)校里被傳授手藝。The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真實(shí)與虛假應(yīng)加以區(qū)別。(14) 在“one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由它修飾的先行詞的數(shù)來(lái)決定，但如果one前面有the only修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。如：This is

27、 one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. 這就是那次大火燒毀的房間之一。（被燒毀的房間有多間，所以that指the rooms。）He is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert. 他是唯一被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谝魳?lè)會(huì)上演唱的那個(gè)學(xué)生。注意：在“the only one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Mary is the only one of the girls who was playing in

28、the band at yesterday's concert. 瑪麗是唯一參加昨天音樂(lè)會(huì)樂(lè)隊(duì)伴奏的姑娘。（參加昨天音樂(lè)會(huì)樂(lè)隊(duì)伴奏的姑娘僅有一個(gè)，所以who指the only one。）試題解析：She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well【答案選B】“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3 就近一致原則就近一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要在形式上與最靠近它的那

29、個(gè)名詞或代詞取得一致。(1) 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，而它們又是由either.or.；neither.nor；not only.but also.；or等連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. 湯姆或他的幾個(gè)兄弟正在房間等候。Neither you， nor I， nor anybody else knows anything about it.你、我或其他任何人都不知道這件事。Either you or I am to do the work. 不是你就是我來(lái)做這項(xiàng)工作。Neither his pare

30、nts nor his teacher is able to persuade him to change his mind.他的父母和老師都沒(méi)法說(shuō)服他改變主意。Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員就是教練應(yīng)該對(duì)這次比賽的失利負(fù)責(zé)。注意：Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing

31、outD. is to hand out【答案選D】本題考查主謂一致。either.or.連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近它的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。D項(xiàng)“be+不定式”表示“應(yīng)該”的意思。 當(dāng)上面的句子變成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然要求“就近一致”。如：Not only Jack but also his friends are interested in Chinese music. 杰克和他的朋友們都對(duì)中國(guó)音樂(lè)感興趣。Is not only Jack but also his friends interested in Chinese music? 杰克和他的朋友們都喜歡中國(guó)音樂(lè)嗎?(2) 如

32、果一個(gè)句子由there和here引起，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)通常與最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：Here is a pen，a few envelopes and some paper for you.這兒有一支鋼筆、幾個(gè)信封和一些紙給你。There is a desk and four chairs in the office. 辦公室里有一張書桌和4把椅子。There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 辦公室里有兩把椅子和一張書桌。17-2 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，它既可能表示單數(shù)，也可能表示復(fù)數(shù)，這時(shí)應(yīng)視具體情況來(lái)斷定。集體名

33、詞作為一個(gè)個(gè)成員的組合來(lái)考慮時(shí)，它就是復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞（但沒(méi)有詞形的變化），連接的動(dòng)詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果作為一個(gè)不可分割的整體看待時(shí)（即非人稱單位），它就是單數(shù)意義的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)形式。如：Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject.我們小組（成員）對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題討論得很熱列。Our group is made up of four boys and five girls. 我們小組有4個(gè)男孩和5個(gè)女孩。對(duì)大多數(shù)單數(shù)集體名詞來(lái)說(shuō)，均可按句子的意義，具體情況作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)看待，但無(wú)論作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)看待，最重要的是在同一個(gè)句子中前后要保持

34、一致。即用單數(shù)時(shí)，除了接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞外，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)，反之要用復(fù)數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的可以用作單、復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞有：committeearmyclassgovernmentcompany enemy family club group publicstaff team population couple band 等。 如：The audience have (has) already expressed their (its) approval. 聽眾已表示贊同。The public are (is) the best judges (judge). 公眾是最好的裁判。The pop

35、ulation of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上人口激增。One third of the population here are farmers. 這里三分之一的人口是農(nóng)民。The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.公眾有充分的理由當(dāng)心職業(yè)詐騙。The public now know the whole story. 現(xiàn)在公眾已經(jīng)知道事情的全部經(jīng)過(guò)。(1) 有些集體名詞people，police，youth（青年人），cattle等，總是跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

36、形式。如：The police say they have caught the thieves. 警察說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)抓住了那些盜賊。The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜從山上被趕走了。(2) 有些名詞，像equipment（設(shè)備），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠寶），clothing（衣服），machinery（機(jī)械），表示單數(shù)概念。如：A lot of old equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 許多舊設(shè)備已經(jīng)被新設(shè)備代替了。All the machiner

37、y in the factory was controlled by robots. 這個(gè)廠所有的機(jī)械都是由機(jī)器人控制的。注意：people這個(gè)詞作“人民”解時(shí)，總是與the連用；當(dāng)泛指“人、人們”時(shí)，通常不加the，均接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；作“民族”解釋時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)取單數(shù)第三人稱形式，這時(shí)people前可以加上不定冠詞a。復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples指“各民族”。若要表示“兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人”這個(gè)意思，可在people前直接加上數(shù)詞或不定量詞（some，many，a few等），但people不能加-s。如：In China people praise teachers for their work.

38、 在中國(guó)，人們贊揚(yáng)老師的辛勤勞動(dòng)。All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people.中華人民共和國(guó)的一切權(quán)力屬于人民。The Japanese are said to be an industrious people. 據(jù)說(shuō)日本人是勤勉的民族。Five people came to see him. 5個(gè)人來(lái)看他。17-3 由介詞短語(yǔ)連接的主語(yǔ)如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，but，except，like，in addition to，including，bes

39、ides，as well as，as much as （與一樣，不亞于，與差不多），rather than （而不是），more than（ 比更）等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如：An expert，together with some assistants， was sent to help in this work. 一位專家和幾位助手被派去協(xié)助這項(xiàng)工作。No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母誰(shuí)也不知道這事。The teacher as well as the students likes t

40、his novel. 學(xué)生和老師都喜歡這部小說(shuō)。The boss，rather than his employees， is to blame. 不是雇員，而是老板，應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。His parents as well as he are very kind to me. 他的父母和他對(duì)我非常和藹。Tom， more than anyone else， is anxious to go there again. 湯姆比其他人更渴望再去那兒。An iron and steal works，with some satellite factories，is to be built here. 在這里

41、將建立一個(gè)鋼鐵廠和一些衛(wèi)星廠。Tom， along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.每個(gè)星期六，湯姆和他的朋友們一起去滑冰。試題解析：A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. have offered C. are offered D. has offered【答案選A】譯文：一個(gè)有五千冊(cè)藏書的圖書館被作為禮物贈(zèng)予這個(gè)國(guó)家。主語(yǔ)后跟with /together with / along with 等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其前的主語(yǔ)保

42、持一致。所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，圖書館是offer的承受者，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 17-4 代詞作主語(yǔ) (1) 有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們?cè)诰渥又凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有：either neithereachanothersomebodysomeonesomethinganyoneanything anybodyeveryoneeverythingeverybodyno onenothingnobody等。如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友。 Everything around us i

43、s matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。 Has / Have either of them been there recently? 最近他們兩個(gè)有沒(méi)有去過(guò)那兒?Neither of us has gone through regular training. 我們兩個(gè)都沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練。Nobody wants to go there，does he? 沒(méi)有人想去那里，是吧?Something has been done to end the strike. 已經(jīng)采取措施制止罷工了。但應(yīng)注意：在neither of與either of的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如

44、： Neither of them was / were in good health，but both worked very hard.他們兩個(gè)人身體都不好，工作卻都很努力。(2) none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，這要取決于說(shuō)話人的看法。如：None of us seem to have thought of it. 似乎我們?nèi)紱](méi)有想到這一點(diǎn)。None of us has got a camera. （None Not a single one） 我們都沒(méi)有照相機(jī)。(3) both，（a）few，many，several作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Both （

45、of） the instruments are not precise ones. 這兩種儀器并不都是精密儀器。Many of the young people have gone off to cities in search of higher pay.許多年輕人都到城里掙大錢去了。Several of the children were in the garden. 有幾個(gè)小孩在花園里。(4) all作主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：All that ends well is well. 結(jié)果好一切都好。All are eager to reach an ag

46、reement. 大家都急于達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。17-5 數(shù)詞或量詞詞組作主語(yǔ)(1) 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們表示的意義。如：About three fourths of the earth's surface is covered by water. 地球表面大約四分之三被水覆蓋。Three fourths of the workers in the factory are women. 這個(gè)工廠四分之三的工人是女工。Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. 我們學(xué)校百分之五

47、十的學(xué)生是女生。試題解析： _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth；is B. Two fifth；are C. Two fifths；is D. Two fifths；are 【答案選C】譯文：那個(gè)地區(qū)有五分之二的土地被草和樹覆蓋。 (2) a great / good deal of，a large amount of，amounts of這些量詞詞組一般只與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，表示數(shù)量，不表示數(shù)（目），連接的動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： A large amount of / a grea

48、t （good） deal of water was spilt on the floor. 地板上灑了大量的水。the amount of 一般解釋為“總額，總數(shù)”，后接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。如：What is the amount of the bill? 賬單上金額總計(jì)多少?The amount of today's sales is considerable. 今天的銷售量很可觀。(3) a number of 可以在a與number之間加上great，good，large，considerable等詞，與a great / good many

49、 意思相近。a number of 可以用numbers of來(lái)表達(dá)，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A good number of trees have been planted on either side of the river. 河的兩岸種了許多樹。(4) a number of和the number of的意思不同，兩者都能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配，但the number of后接動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)。如：The number of books stolen is fifty. 被偷竊的書共50本。A number of students were wounded in the accid

50、ent. 有許多學(xué)生在事故中受了傷。試題解析：The number of people invited _ fifty，but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were；was B. was；was C. was；were D. were；were 【答案選C】譯文：受邀請(qǐng)的有50人，但是他們當(dāng)中有很多人由于各種原因沒(méi)有到場(chǎng)。本題考查主謂一致?！皌he number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“的數(shù)目”，“a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“許多”。前者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；后者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (5)

51、a lot / lots of；plenty of；a quantity of；a percentage of；a pile / piles of；a heap / heaps of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，也可以與可數(shù)名詞搭配，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般與它們后面的名詞相一致。如：Lots of / Plenty of work remains to be done. 還有許多工作要做。A lot of us were invited at the last minute. 我們中的許多人是在最后時(shí)刻接到邀請(qǐng)的。There has been a small quantity of rain

52、this spring. 今春雨下得很少。A small quantity of sugar was put in the boiled water. 開水里放入了少量的糖。A heap of rubbish has been cleaned away. 一堆垃圾已被清除掉。注意：quantities of后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般與quantities取得一致。如：Great quantities of water were wasted. 大量的水被浪費(fèi)了。試題解析：The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A. is sold

53、 outB. are sold outC. was sold outD. were sold out【答案選D】譯文：剩余的雜志不到半個(gè)小時(shí)就售完了。 (6) more of 和enough of 兩個(gè)詞組之后只能跟帶有限定詞的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它所修飾的名詞決定。如：可以講enough of the blue material 或more of my friends。如果名詞前沒(méi)有限定詞，就不能用of。這時(shí)more 和enough本身就是限定詞，如：enough blue material，more friends。如：More of the trees are planted on both sides of the river. 河的兩岸種著更多的樹。More of the land is planted to cabbages than to tomatoes. 種白菜的地比種西紅柿的多。Is there enough of the blue material? 有足夠的藍(lán)色料嗎?Are there enough of the big nails to mend the cupboard? 有足夠的大釘子修理柜櫥嗎?(7) more 也可以單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)它們所指對(duì)象的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義來(lái)判斷。如：