外研英語(yǔ)選修六Module_3-Grammar教案

1、 外研版選修六模塊三語(yǔ)法 period 2 第 10 頁(yè) 共4頁(yè) module 3 interpersonal relationship friendshipsubject：type of lesson: time：teacher：class：date：i. teaching content 1. adverbial clauses: having done2. verbs followed by ing or the infinitive with toii. teaching objectives1. to help students master adverbial clauses wi

2、th having done2. to enable ss to use the knowledge of this grammar correctly and properly.3. stimulate students interest in learning grammar.4. develop students sense of group cooperation and teamwork.iii. teaching key points and difficult points 1. to get the ss to master the structure and usages o

3、f the grammar2. to enable ss to use the knowledge of this grammar correctly and properly.3. to deal with questions of nonfinite verbs correctly.iv. teaching knowledge 不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作狀語(yǔ)he sat down to have a rest. (表目的) they went there to visit their teacher.（表目的）he woke up only / just to find eve

4、rybody gone.（表示結(jié)果） my grandmother lived to see the liberation of china.（表示結(jié)果）在某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示喜、怒、衷、樂(lè)后跟不定式表示原因。如：i am very glad to see you. 我非常高興地見(jiàn)到你。 i am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 聽(tīng)到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示程度。如：he was too excited not to say a few words. 他太激動(dòng)了，不會(huì)不講幾句話的。he is o

5、ld enough to go to school. 他到上學(xué)年齡了。 she is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to 或so as to + 動(dòng)詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。he got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起為了趕上第一班車。the bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽車停下來(lái)以便接納乘客。 to look at him, you would like

6、him. (表?xiàng)l件)to tell you the truth, i have got no money about me. to be honest, i know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨(dú)立成分)二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)1分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式的選擇形式意義v + ing (doing)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生。having + v + ed(having done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。v + ed (done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。being + v + ed(being done)與句中主語(yǔ)

7、構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。having been + v +ed(having been done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。2分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。3分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引出。如：hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間)b

8、e careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間)having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)given a chance, i can surprise the world. (條件)the cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)the teacher came in

9、to the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況)4獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō)judging from 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷considering 考慮到to tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、下面動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide / determine, learn, want, expect /

10、 hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如： she pretended not to see me when i passed by. we agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. in order to gain a bigger share in the international market, man

11、y state run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 二、下列動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreci

12、ate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble

13、(in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 the squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. i can hardly imagine peter sailing across the atlantic ocena in five days. i would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。1. forge

14、t to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做過(guò)某事stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go o

15、n to do sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 例如： she reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. the light in the office is still on. oh, i forgot to turn it off. i usually go

16、 there by train. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m why not try going by boat for a change? you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. well, now i regret having done that. 2動(dòng)詞like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：i lik

17、e swimming, but i dont like to swim this afternoon. id like to go swimming this weekend. 3在動(dòng)詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如：we dont allow smoking here. we dont allow

18、 students to smoke. 4動(dòng)詞need, require, want 作“需要”解時(shí)，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)，表示事情需要做。這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth 后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。此外，若動(dòng)詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時(shí)，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，然后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。即：need / require / want doing / to be done need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. (表示錢

19、數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞) be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如：the window needs / requires / wants cleaning. the window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned. 窗戶需要擦一下。the place is worth visiting. the place is worthy of a visit. the place is worthy of being visited. t

20、he place is worthy to be visited. 那個(gè)地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. what do you think of the book ? oh, excellent, its worth reading a second time. 四、動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶wh 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what

21、, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)保持一致，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：he showed us how to do the work. (= he showed us how we should do the work.)i dont know what to do. (= i dont know what ill do.)can you tell me why do it?五、動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式，那

22、么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：we could do nothing but / other than wait. we had nothing to do but / other than wait. we have no choice but to wait. i cant choose but laugh. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題思路非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，學(xué)生常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式

23、的特點(diǎn)，做起題來(lái)會(huì)很輕松。我們先來(lái)看看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種變化形式。熟悉知道了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. _many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2. _many times, he still couldn't understand it.a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. though he had been told3. _to the left, you'll find the post office. 4. if y

24、ou _to the left, you'll find the post office.5. _to the left , and you'll find the post office . a. turning b. to turn c. turn d. turned分析：句1. 用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，因此，前面也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子成分，故選c。句2. 句中用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，且無(wú)連詞引導(dǎo)，因此，前面不是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，只是句子的一個(gè)成分，故選a，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。句3. 同句2，選a 。句4. 前面用if 引導(dǎo)從句，故選c ，構(gòu)成從句謂語(yǔ)。句5. 同句1，選c。二、分析邏輯主語(yǔ)確定要

25、選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。1. _no buses, we have to walk home.a. there being b. it were c. there were d. it being 2. _sunday i shall have a quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示“沒(méi)有公共汽車”，應(yīng)用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)，即邏輯主語(yǔ)是“there”，故選a 。句2. 同理選d。三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . a. seen b. seeing c. to see d. see這兩個(gè)題選項(xiàng)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都沒(méi)有加自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 因此其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。分析：句1. “地球”被“看起來(lái)”，表被動(dòng)，故選a，用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。句2. 我們“主動(dòng)看”即表主動(dòng)，故選b。3. the dirty clothes _ , the gir