中遠提單背面條款中英對照完整版

1、中遠集提單背面條款(中英對照完整版)1. DEFINITIONS Carrier means COSCO container lines company limited. Merchant includes the consignor, the shipper, the receiver, the consignee, the owner of the Goods, the lawful holder or endorsee of this Bill of Lading, or any other person having any present or future interest in

2、the Goods or this Bill of Lading, or anyone authorized to act on behalf of any of the foregoing. Vessel, where the context so admits, includes the Vessel named in Box 6 of this Bill of Lading or any substitute therefor, and any feeder vessel, lighter or barge used by or on behalf of the Carrier in c

3、onnection with any seaborne leg of the carriage. Sub-contractor includes owners and operators of vessels (other than the Carrier), stevedores, terminal, warehouse, depot and groupage operators, road and rail transport operators and any independent contractor employed by the Carrier in the performanc

4、e of the carriage and any sub-sub-contractor thereof. The expression Sub-contractor shall include direct and indirect Sub-contractors and their respective servants, agents or Sub-contractors. Goods means the whole or any part of the cargo received from the Merchant and includes any Container not sup

5、plied by or on behalf of the Carrier. Package means each Container which is stuffed and sealed by or on behalf of the Merchant, and not the items packed in such Container if the number of such items is not indicated on the front of this Bill of Lading or is indicated by the terms such as Said to Con

6、tain or similar expressions. Shipping Unit means any physical unit of cargo not shipped in a package, including machinery, vehicles and boats, except goods shipped in bulk. Container includes any Container, open top, trailer, transportable tank, flat rack, platform, pallet, and any other equipment o

7、r device used for or in connection with the transportation of the Goods.1. DEFINITIONS 定義“承運人”（CARRIER）是指“中遠集運”，即中遠集裝箱運輸有限公司。“貨方”（MERCHANT）包括發(fā)貨人、托運人、收貨人、受貨人、貨主、本提單的合法持有人或被背書人，或與貨物或本提單具有現(xiàn)時或未來利益關(guān)系的任何人，或被授權(quán)代表前述任何一方行事的任何人?！按啊卑从嘘P(guān)上下文情況，包括本提單第6欄所列船舶或其替代船舶，以及承運人或代表承運人于全部運程中的海運階段所使用的任何支線船或駁船?！胺至⑵跫s人”（SUB-CON

8、TRACTOR）包括（除承運人以外的）船舶所有人及經(jīng)營人，裝卸工人，碼頭、倉庫、集裝箱儲運站經(jīng)營人及拼箱經(jīng)營人，公路及鐵路運輸經(jīng)營人，及承運人雇傭的用以進行運輸?shù)娜魏为毩⒂喖s人，以及其小分立契約人（SUB-SUB-CONTRACTOR）。分立契約人一詞應(yīng)包括直接及間接分立契約人及其各自的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人?！柏浳铩保℅OODS）是指自貨方收到的全部貨物或其任何部分，并包括非由承運人或其代表提供的任何集裝箱?！凹笔侵赣韶浄交蚱浯硌b載并鉛封的每一集裝箱，而不是在集裝箱中所裝的貨物件數(shù)，如果此項件數(shù)未在本提單正面列明，或者是用“據(jù)稱內(nèi)裝”或類似詞句列明?！把b運單位”（SHIPPING U

9、NIT）是指未以包件運輸?shù)娜魏我粋€具體單位的貨物，包括機械、車輛及船只，但散裝貨物除外?！凹b箱”（CONTAINER）包括任何集裝箱，如開頂集裝箱、拖車、可運油罐、框架箱、平板箱、貨盤，以及為運輸貨物而使用的任何其他設(shè)備或設(shè)施。本條作為定義條款，用以說明、規(guī)定本提單條款中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一些名詞，以便明確在為提單所證明或構(gòu)成的運輸合同中所代表的概念、避免理解上的差異。有關(guān)承運人的定義與提單正面的抬頭和承運人簽單部位的落款相對應(yīng)，符合跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例500對提單簽發(fā)的要求。本提單所構(gòu)成或證明運輸合同中的承運人僅指中遠集運、而非任何其他相關(guān)的契約承運人、實際承運人，這樣避免了當存在幾個運輸合同時發(fā)生

10、混淆。另外還應(yīng)指出的是承運人被定義為中遠集運（COSCO CONTAINER LINES.），雖然中遠集裝箱運輸有限公司的英文正式名稱為COSCO CONTAINER LINES COMPANY LIMITED, 但是我們這里僅使用其商業(yè)名稱(TRADE NAME)。關(guān)于貨方的定義將發(fā)貨人、托運人、收貨人、受貨人、貨主、本提單的合法持有人或受背書人，或與貨物或本提單具有現(xiàn)時或未來利益關(guān)系的任何人，或被授權(quán)代表前述任何一方行事的任何人納入運輸合同中與承運人相對應(yīng)的貨方，符合提單流轉(zhuǎn)的需要，保護了船貨雙方共同的權(quán)益，便于雙方根據(jù)運輸合同解決糾紛。關(guān)于件的定義是與提單正面的不知條款相對應(yīng)的，同時也是

11、為適應(yīng)海商法有關(guān)承運人單件責任限制規(guī)定的需要。即除非提單上已顯示了貨物件數(shù)或者表明了“據(jù)稱內(nèi)裝”等類似詞句，否則由貨方裝箱的一個集裝箱將作為一件計算，這是因為承運人在接受整箱貨時是無法核實貨物件數(shù)，同時整箱貨的運費比拼箱貨按件數(shù)、重量、體積等單位計收的運費低廉。*本條款中各項定義也適用于條款注釋中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)名詞。2. CARRIERS TARIFF The terms of the Carriers applicable Tariff and other requirements regarding charges are incorporated into this Bill of Ladi

12、ng. Particular attention is drawn to the terms contained therein, including, but not limited to, free storage time, Container and vehicle demurrage,etc. Copies of the relevant provisions of the applicable Tariff are obtainable from the Carrier or his agents upon request. In case of any inconsistency

13、 between this Bill of Lading and the applicable Tariff, this Bill of Lading shall prevail. 2. CARRIERS TARIFF 承運人的運價本承運人所使用的運價本中的條款以及有關(guān)費收的其他要求等項，已被載入本提單。請?zhí)貏e注意運價本中所載各項條款，包括但不限于免費堆存期、集裝箱及車輛滯留期等。使用的運價本的有關(guān)條款，可向承運人或其代理人索取。如本提單與所用運價本之間有不一致之處，應(yīng)以本提單為準。本條是用以說明承運人運價本的作用。提單正面、背面條款內(nèi)容雖然十分豐富，但畢竟是固定的格式，不可能經(jīng)常更改；而且運

14、輸合同項下各項費用的收取，結(jié)算的依據(jù)往往要與具體港口的特殊要求相對應(yīng)，或者隨著市場的變化而變化，所以承運人用運價本的形式對此作出規(guī)定。根據(jù)本條款將運價本中的條款并入提單并約束運輸合同的各方。3. SUB-CONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS (1) The Carrier shall have the right at any time and on any terms whatsoever to sub-contract the whole or any part of the carr

15、iage with any Sub-contractor and/or to substitute any other vessel or means of transport for the Vessel. (2) The Merchant undertakes that no claim or legal action whatsoever shall be made or brought against any person by whom the carriage is performed or undertaken (including, but not limited to, th

16、e Carriers servants, agents or Sub-contractors), other than the Carrier, which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person, or any vessel owned or operated by such person, any liability whatsoever in connection with the Goods or the carriage thereof whether or not arising out of negligence on

17、 the part of such person. Should any such claim or legal action nevertheless be made or brought, the Merchant undertakes to indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof including legal expenses on a full indemnity basis. Without prejudice to the foregoing, every such person or vessel, incl

18、uding, but not limited to, the Carriers servants, agents, or Sub-contractors as defined in Clause 1 above, shall have the benefit of every exemption, defense and limitation herein contained applicable to the Carrier, in contract or in tort, as if such provision were expressly contracted for its bene

19、fit, and, in entering into this contract, the Carrier, to the extent of such exemptions, defenses and limitations, does so not only on its behalf, but also as an agent and trustee for such person or vessel. 3. SUB-CONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS分立契約、賠償以及抗辯、免除事

20、項及責任限制 (1)承運人有權(quán)在任何時間以任何條件將運輸?shù)娜炕蚱淙魏尾糠滞魏畏至⑵跫s人訂立分立契約，并（或）以任何其他船舶或運輸工具代替本船。貨方保證，不向承運人以外的由其履行或承辦運輸?shù)娜魏稳耍òǖ幌抻诔羞\人的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人）就貨物或貨物運輸一事而提起向其或其所擁有或經(jīng)營的任何船舶加諸或意欲加諸任何責任的索賠或任何法律訴訟，不論此項責任是否由于此種人的疏忽而引起。如果，即使如此，此項索賠或法律訴訟仍被提起，則貨方保證就由此引起的后果包括法律費用，全部賠償承運人。在不防礙上述規(guī)定的情況下，上述第(1)款所述每一個人或船舶，包括但不限于承運人的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人，都應(yīng)

21、享有本提單所載適用于承運人的在涉及合同或侵權(quán)事件中的每一免除事項、抗辯及責任限制，猶如此種條款已為其利益而明文規(guī)定，而且在訂立本提單時，就上述免除事項、抗辯及責任限制而言，承運人不僅代表其本身，而且也是作為上述的人或船舶的代理人或受托人.本條就是通常所說的喜馬拉雅條款， 是提單必須包括的標準條款，其效力也已為海商法、海牙-維斯比規(guī)則確認。本條款主要說明承運人的雇傭人在代表承運人履行承運人的部分或全部義務(wù)時同樣受提單條款的約束和保護。由于索賠方與承運人的雇傭人或代理人沒有合同關(guān)系，所以索賠方往往會繞過運輸合同直接向第三人提起侵權(quán)之訴。本條的訂立就是為了防止這種情況的發(fā)生，使得承運人的雇傭人或代理

22、人同樣可以享受承運人根據(jù)提單背面條款所享受到免除事項、抗辯及責任限制，例如提單上標明是一件機器設(shè)備，貨物在港口裝卸時受到損害，根據(jù)海商法承運人可以享受責任限制同樣可以適用于港口裝卸人。1968年的海牙維斯比規(guī)則已經(jīng)吸收這樣的規(guī)定，我國海商法也是作了相同的規(guī)定。4. CARRIERS RESPONSIBILITY (1) Port to Port Shipment If boxes 6, 7 and 8 but not boxes 4,5and 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading, this Bill of Lading is

23、a Port-to-Port contract. The Carrier shall be responsible for the Goods as Carrier from the time when the Goods are received by the Carrier at the Port of Loading until the time of delivery thereof at the port of discharge to the Merchant or to the Authority as required by local laws or regulations,

24、 whichever occurs earlier. (2) Combined Transport If Box 4, Box 5 and/or Box 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading and the place(s) or port(s) indicated therein is/are place(s) or port(s) other than that indicated in Box 7 and Box 8 and Freight is paid for combined transport, this Bill

25、 of Lading is a combined transport contract. The Carrier undertakes to arrange or procure the pre-carriage and/or on-carriage segments of the combined transport. All claims arising from the combined transport carriage must be filed with the Carrier within 9 months after the delivery of the Goods or

26、the date when the Goods should have been delivered, failing which the Carrier shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever in respect of the Goods. If any payment is made by the Carrier to the Merchant in respect of any claim arising from the combined transport carriage, the Carrier shall be

27、automatically subrogated to or given all rights of the Merchant against all others including pre-carrier or on-carrier or Sub-contractor on account of such loss or damage. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed a waiver of any rights that the Carrier may have against a pre-carrier or on-carrier or

28、 Sub-contractor for indemnity or otherwise. 4. CARRIERS RESPONSIBILITY 承運人的責任(1)港到港運輸 如果填注本提單正面第6、7、8欄，而不填注第4、5、9欄，本提單便是港到港契約。承運人應(yīng)自其在裝貨港收到貨物之時起即作為承運人而對貨物負責，直至在卸貨港將貨物交與貨方或按當?shù)胤苫蛞?guī)章要求交與有關(guān)當局之時為止，二者之中以先發(fā)生者為準。(2)聯(lián)合運輸 如果填注本提單正面的第4、第5及（或）第9欄，而且該欄中所述地點或港口乃是除第7欄及第8欄所列者以外的地點或港口，并已就聯(lián)合運輸支付運費，本提單便是聯(lián)合運輸提單。承運人負責安排或

29、組織落實聯(lián)合運輸中的前一程運輸以及（或）續(xù)程運輸。所有由于聯(lián)合運輸而引起的索賠必須在交付貨物之日或應(yīng)當交付貨物之日之后九個月內(nèi)向承運人提出，否則承運人便應(yīng)被解除其關(guān)于貨物的任何責任。如果承運人已就因聯(lián)合運輸而引起的任何索賠向貨方支付任何款項，承運人便應(yīng)自然而然地以代位關(guān)系而取得或被賦予貨方針對所有其他人包括前一程承運人或續(xù)程承運人或分立契約人就此項滅失或損害而享有的權(quán)利。本款所載任何規(guī)定都不得視為承運人針對前一程承運人或續(xù)程承運人或分立契約人就賠償或其他事項所享有的任何權(quán)利的放棄。本條第1款和下文第22條第4款都提到將貨物交付給除提單的合法持有人以外的港口當局的情況，這一規(guī)定是考慮到某些地區(qū)例

30、如南美部分國家由海關(guān)負責放貨的慣例。本條第二款實際上涵蓋了兩種情況，即水水聯(lián)運和多式聯(lián)運。本款確定了多式聯(lián)運下九個月的索賠時效，即索賠應(yīng)當在貨物交付后9個月內(nèi)向承運人提出，否則承運人便被免除任何有關(guān)貨物的責任，這一規(guī)定的目的僅僅是為適應(yīng)某些國家關(guān)于內(nèi)陸承運人9個月的責任期限，比如美國Carmack Amendments of the United States Interstate Commerce Act規(guī)定: 內(nèi)陸承運人的責任期限是九個月，而絕非要降低海商法中規(guī)定的海上貨物運輸索賠的1年訟時效的規(guī)定。在實踐中往往要根據(jù)多式聯(lián)運中的損失發(fā)生區(qū)段來作具體分析，比如損失發(fā)生在海運段或不能確定則還

31、是應(yīng)當適用1年的時效。本條款規(guī)定了不同運輸方式下承運人對貨物的責任期間，與提單正面關(guān)于運輸開始和結(jié)束地點的欄目相對應(yīng)，使得本提單既可以作為海運提單應(yīng)用于傳統(tǒng)的港到港運輸，也可以作為多式聯(lián)運提單應(yīng)用于多式聯(lián)運運輸?？偟膩碇v，承運人對于貨物的責任期間都是由承運人接收貨物時開始到交付貨物時為止的承運人掌管貨物的期間，這是與海商法關(guān)于集裝箱貨物的責任期間的規(guī)定相一致的。5. NOTICE OF CLAIM AND TIME BAR (1) Unless notice of loss or damage is given in writing to the Carriers agent at the P

32、ort of Discharge or Place of Delivery before or on the date of delivery of the Goods, or if loss or damage is not apparent, within 15 consecutive days thereafter, such delivery shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of the Goods by the Carrier and/or on-carrier in the order and condition desc

33、ribed in this Bill of Lading. (2) The Carrier, its servants, agents and Sub-contractors shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever unless suit is brought within one year after the delivery of the Goods or the date when the Goods should have been delivered.5. NOTICE OF CLAIM AND TIME BAR 索賠通

34、知及時效(1)除非已在卸貨港或交貨地點于交貨之日以前或交貨之日向承運人的代理人提出關(guān)于滅失或損害的書面通知，或在滅失或損害不明顯時，在交貨之日以后15個連續(xù)日之內(nèi)提出上述書面通知，此項交付便應(yīng)是承運人及（或）續(xù)程承運人按本提單所述狀況及條件交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。(2)除在交付貨物或應(yīng)交付貨物之日起一年之內(nèi)提起訴訟，承運人、其受雇人、代理人及分立契約人便應(yīng)被解除一切責任。本條依照海商法規(guī)定了貨物滅失或損害時貨方向承運人提出索賠的方式及時效。第一款實際上是強調(diào)了當貨方在提取貨物時未提出貨物滅失或損壞通知時，則是承運人已完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)；對于貨物損壞不明顯時，則要求貨物應(yīng)在交付后連續(xù)15天內(nèi)向承

35、運人提出書面通知，否則同樣作為承運人已完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。所謂初步證據(jù)就是指承運人交付貨物、貨方未提出異議，初步表明已承運人已完好地履行了運輸合同的義務(wù)，除非貨方可以提出更加充分有力的相反證據(jù)以證明承運人應(yīng)當對貨物的滅失或損害承擔責任，否則承運人不承擔任何責任。這從本質(zhì)上講是一個舉證責任移轉(zhuǎn)的問題，即當承運人以完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)進行抗辯時，貨方就對貨物的滅失或損害負有了更加嚴格的舉證責任。這種規(guī)定實際上是為了船貨雙方的共同利益考慮的，只有及時提出問題，才能及時收集到翔實充分的客觀證據(jù)。另外還應(yīng)指出的是海商法第82條規(guī)定貨方對于遲延交付的索賠應(yīng)當在貨物交付60日內(nèi)提出，否則承運人不負任何

36、賠償責任，這里的60日未提出索賠是絕對的證據(jù)，日后提出的任何相反的證據(jù)都不足以證明承運人對遲延交付應(yīng)當承擔責任。本條第二款規(guī)定了訴訟時效，本提單適用海商法關(guān)于海上貨物運輸合同訴訟時效為一年的規(guī)定，超過訴訟時效貨方向承運人提起的訴訟就喪失了勝訴權(quán)，訴訟時效的起算是由承運人交付貨物或應(yīng)當交付貨物的時間開始。當然在一些情況下時效也會中斷或延展，需要特別指出的是依照海商法第267條的規(guī)定，這里的1年訴訟時效不會因貨方僅僅提出請求而中斷。貨方如果沒有在一年中解決與承運人的貨物運輸糾紛的話，他只有在這一年內(nèi)通過提起訴訟等手段才可能中斷訴訟時效。1年的訴訟時效與一般民法的規(guī)定相比起來是屬于短期時效，為大家的

37、共同利益考慮，各相關(guān)方應(yīng)積極收集證據(jù)，提早調(diào)查，這樣也便于向最終有關(guān)責任方進行追償。6. LOSS OR DAMAGE (1) The terms of this Bill of Lading shall at all times govern all responsibilities of the Carrier in connection with or arising out of the carriage of the Goods not only during the carriage, but also during the period prior to and/or subse

38、quent to the carriage. The exemptions from liability, defenses and limitation of liability provided for herein or otherwise shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage or delay, howsoever occurring and whether the action be founded in contract or in tort and even if the loss, da

39、mage or delay arose as a result of unseaworthiness, negligence or fundamental breach of contract. Save as is otherwise provided herein, the Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct or indirect or consequential loss or damage or loss of profits. (2) The

40、Carrier does not undertake that the Goods will be transported from or loaded at the place of receipt or loading or will arrive at the place of discharge, destination or transshipment aboard any particular vessel or other conveyance at any particular date or time or to meet any particular market or i

41、n time for any particular use. Scheduled or advertised departure and arrival times are only expected times and may be advanced or delayed if the Carrier shall find it necessary, prudent or convenient. The Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct, indire

42、ct or consequential loss or damage caused by delay. (3) If the stage of the combined transport during which loss or damage occurred can be determined, the liability of the Carrier shall be governed by the national law(s) and/or international convention(s) applicable thereto. If the stage of the comb

43、ined transport during which loss or damage occurred cannot be determined, the Merchant and the Carrier agree that it shall be deemed that the loss or damage occurred aboard the Carriers Vessel. In either case, clauses 5(2) and 7 shall apply.6. LOSS OR DAMAGE 滅失或損害(1)本提單的條款應(yīng)在所有時間都對承運人就其因運輸貨物而產(chǎn)生的責任加以管

44、轄，不僅在運輸期間，而且在運輸之前及運輸之后，都是如此。本提單所載或其他關(guān)于免除責任、抗辯及責任限制等項，都應(yīng)在就滅失、損害或延誤事件而向承運人提起的任何訴訟中適用，而且不論該項訴訟是基于合同糾紛或侵權(quán)行為而提起，即使此項滅失、損害或延誤乃是由于不適航、疏忽或根本違約而產(chǎn)生亦然。除本提單中另有規(guī)定外，承運人不論在任何情況下亦不論其產(chǎn)生原因為何，對因延誤造成的直接、間接或隨之發(fā)生的滅失或損害或利潤損失，概不承擔責任。(2)承運人不保證，貨物在某一特定日期或時間，也不保證為滿足某一特定市場，或為某一特定用途而自接貨或裝運地點起運，準時運抵卸貨地點、目的地或轉(zhuǎn)運到某一特定船舶或其他運輸工具上。船期表

45、上或廣告上的離港及抵港時間只是預(yù)計時間，如果承運人認為必要，為慎重或便利起見，可將該時間提前或拖后。承運人在任何情況下，不論是如何發(fā)生，對因延誤造成的直接、間接或隨之發(fā)生的滅失或損害概不負責。(3)如果能對聯(lián)合運輸過程中發(fā)生滅失或損害所屬階段加以判明，承運人的責任便應(yīng)適用該階段的國內(nèi)法或國際公約。如果在聯(lián)合運輸過程中發(fā)生滅失或損害的階段無法判明，則貨方與承運人商定，應(yīng)將此項滅失或損害視為發(fā)生在承運人的船上。無論屬于上述何種情況，均應(yīng)適用第5條(2)款及第7條中的規(guī)定。第一款有了兩方面的含義。首先是強調(diào)了提單條款在任何情況下均適用于由本提單構(gòu)成或證明的運輸合同，本提單中包涵的條款作為約定條款對船

46、貨雙方都是有約束力的，并且再次強調(diào)不論是合同之訴還是侵權(quán)之訴都應(yīng)依據(jù)本提單條款中的規(guī)定。其次依照海商法規(guī)定了承運人對未經(jīng)約定的遲延交付造成的損失是不負賠償責任的，按照海商法只有在船貨雙方事先對承運期作了明確的約定而承運人也確實違約時，承運人才會對可預(yù)見的損失負責，并且這種賠償也是以運費為限的。本款的規(guī)定正是以此為根據(jù)作了細化的規(guī)定。第二款是強調(diào)船期表上公布的船期并不構(gòu)成法律上的承諾。我們印制的船期中都有明確聲明“本船期表僅作參考” ，在本款中也特別指出“船期表上或廣告上的離港及抵港時間只是預(yù)計時間，可將該時間提前或拖后。”。為客戶提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)始終是我們追求的目標，但海運中的確存在許多人力不

47、可抗拒和控制的因素，例如惡劣的自然條件、戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)等，在這種條件下要作到準班率100%確實是十分困難的。按照民商法的原理，船期表的公告實際上只是構(gòu)成了一種要因，對船貨雙方并不具有合同的約束力。如果貨方因貿(mào)易的需要確實要保證船期，這就需要貨方與承運人進行明確約定，倘若承運人違反約定，承運人當然會依遲延交付的規(guī)定承擔責任。第三款是針對于多式聯(lián)運情況下承運人的責任的規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了國際上通行的多式聯(lián)運經(jīng)營人的“網(wǎng)狀責任制”的制度，同時還規(guī)定了在損失不能確定是發(fā)生在哪個區(qū)段時適用海運的法律、慣例規(guī)范責任，這都是與海商法的規(guī)定保持一致的。之所以在貨物滅失或損壞發(fā)生區(qū)段不能確定時就適用國際海運段關(guān)于承運人的賠

48、償責任和責任限制，是因為一方面國際海運段的規(guī)定還是比較公允的，另一方面國際海運段的風險較高又在運輸中是主要區(qū)段。本條款就由本提單所構(gòu)成或證明的運輸合同中承運人責任問題作了進一步的規(guī)定。海運一直是一個高風險的行業(yè)，同時又在國際商貿(mào)中起十分重要的作用，而且班輪承運人是帶有公共運輸性質(zhì)的承運人，除了受到自然環(huán)境，技術(shù)水平等因素的限制外，還會有法律，習慣等諸多社會環(huán)境的影響，所以為了促進和鼓勵海運的健康發(fā)展，國際上及各國的法律法規(guī)基本上都對承運人的合法權(quán)益給予一定的保護。本條各款都是遵循海商法有關(guān)承運人的最低限責任和義務(wù)的規(guī)定而制定的。7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY (1) Ex

49、cept as provided for in Clause 7(2), this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the Maritime Code of the Peoples Republic of China as provided for in Clause 26(1). Neither the Carrier, its servants, agents, Sub-contractors nor the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss or da

50、mage to the Goods in any amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by that Code, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared val

51、ue. (2) Where carriage includes carriage to or from or through a port or place in the United States of America, this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the United States Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1936 (US COGSA) and any amendments thereto, as provided for in Clause 26(2) hereof

52、. In such event, neither the Carriers nor its servants, agents, Sub-contractors and/or the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss of or damage to the Goods in an amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by US COGSA, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been decla

53、red by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value. (3) If a legal regime other than the Maritime Code of the Peoples Republic of China or US COGSA is compulsorily applied to this Bill of Lading, the li

54、ability of the Carrier, if any, shall not exceed the limits per Package or Shipping Unit prescribed therein, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value. (

55、4) For the purpose of this Clause 7, the declared value shall be the basis for calculating the Carriers liability, if any, provided that such declared value shall not be conclusive on the Carrier, and further provided that such declared value does not exceed the true value of the Goods at destinatio

56、n. Any partial loss or damage shall be adjusted pro-rata on the basis of such declared value.7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY(1)除第7(2)款另有規(guī)定外，本提單應(yīng)受第26(1)款中所述中華人民共和國海商法管轄。從而，無論是承運人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下對超出該法規(guī)定的每件或每單位賠償限度的任何數(shù)額，概不負賠償責任，除非已由貨方將貨物的性質(zhì)及價值于裝運前加以申報，并已載入提單（第10欄），而且貨方已就此項申報的價值加付運費。(2)如有關(guān)運輸包括駛往、

57、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅合眾國某一港口或地點的運輸，本提單便應(yīng)受其第26(2)款中所述1936年美國海上貨物運輸法（US COGSA）及其修訂條款的約束。無論是承運人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下，對超出美國海上貨物運輸法中規(guī)定的每件或每單位賠償限度的任何數(shù)額，都不負責，除非貨方已在裝運前將貨物性質(zhì)及價值加以申報并已載入本提單（第10欄），而且貨方已就此項申報價值加付運費。 (3)如已將除中華人民共和國海商法及美國海上貨物運輸法以外的法律強制適用于本提單，承運人的責任便不得超出該法規(guī)定的每件或每單位的賠償限額，除非該貨物的性質(zhì)及價值已由貨方加以申報并已載入提單（第10欄），而

58、且貨方已就此項申報價值加付運費。(4)就本條款而言，申報價值應(yīng)為計算承運人責任的基礎(chǔ)，但此項申報價值就承運人而言并非終結(jié)性的，而且此項申報價值不得超過該貨在目的地的實際價值。所有部分滅失或損害均應(yīng)以此項申報價值為基礎(chǔ)按比例進行調(diào)整。本條規(guī)定了承運人對貨物滅失或損壞的賠償責任限制，并對從價貨作了相應(yīng)規(guī)定。第一款規(guī)定除駛往、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅合眾國某一港口或地點的運輸外，承運人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下是依照我國海商法56條規(guī)定的賠償限額承擔責任的，對此的例外是貨方已將貨物的性質(zhì)及價值于裝運前加以申報，并已載入提單（第12欄），而且貨方已就此項申報的價值加付運費。我國海

59、商法規(guī)定承運人對提單上標明的每件或每個貨運單位貨物的賠償限額為666.67特別提款權(quán)，每公斤的賠償限額為2個特別提款權(quán)，兩種計算方法以賠償限額高者為準。本條第二款規(guī)定了有關(guān)運輸包括駛往、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅合眾國某一港口或地點的運輸?shù)那闆r時，本提單項下的運輸合同便應(yīng)受1936年美國海上貨物運輸法（US COGSA1936）及其修訂條款的約束。提單做這樣的規(guī)定是為了提單在涉及美國的運輸時不違反美國的法律強行法的規(guī)定，以避免被美國當?shù)胤ㄔ赫J定為無效。這樣的條款又稱“地區(qū)條款”（LOCAL CLAUSE），在所有經(jīng)營美國航線的承運人的提單條款中要么規(guī)定提單適用美國1936年海上貨物運輸法，要么加入“LOCAL CLAUSE”以保證提單的效力為美國法院所認可。美國1936年海上貨物運輸法所采用的責任體系與國際通行的海牙規(guī)則基本相同，其單位賠償責任限制為每件每單位5