51張IDEO創(chuàng)新卡片

1、1. scenario testing 場(chǎng)景測(cè)試 show users a series of cards depicting possible future scenarios and invite them to share their reactions.this helps to identify a representative group of people for testing design concepts and evaluating the general usability of product details.selecting individuals with ha

2、nd sizes representativeof the population to test prototypes helped ideodesign a computer mouse suitable for general use.顯示給用戶一系列描繪未來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的情景的卡片，并邀請(qǐng)他們分享他們的反應(yīng)。這有助于識(shí)別具有代表性的小組的人棘手的設(shè)計(jì)理念和一般使用后對(duì)產(chǎn)品的評(píng)價(jià)。選擇個(gè)人手型的代表的人來(lái)測(cè)試原型幫助ideo設(shè)計(jì)一種計(jì)算機(jī)鼠標(biāo)適用于一般使用。useful for compiling a feature set within a possible context of use a

3、s well as communicating the value of a concept to clients在可能的情況下使用的有用的編譯設(shè)置，能向客戶傳達(dá)一個(gè)概念的價(jià)值功能2.anthropometric analysis 人體測(cè)量學(xué)分析use human population measurement data to check the coverage and suitability of the design solution for the target user group使用人口的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)檢查的目標(biāo)用戶群的覆蓋面和設(shè)計(jì)解決方案的適用性this helps to identi

4、fy a representative group of people for testing design concepts and evaluating the general usability of product details這有助于確定測(cè)試的設(shè)計(jì)理念和產(chǎn)品細(xì)節(jié)評(píng)估的一般可用性3.personal inventory 個(gè)人清單document the things that people identify as important to them as a way of cataloging evidence of their lifestyles記錄人們認(rèn)為對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的東西

5、作為一種了解他們的生活方式的證據(jù)。this method is useful for revealing peoples activities,perceptions,and value as well as patterns among them這個(gè)方法是非常有用的揭示人的活動(dòng)感知、價(jià)值觀念.以及模式在他們中間。4.cultural probes 文化探頭assemble a camera journal kit and distribute it to participants within one or across many cultures組合相機(jī)包 (相機(jī)、電影、筆記本.說(shuō)明),并

6、將其提供給參加者在一個(gè)或在許多文化中。to collect and evaluate perceptions and behaviors within or across cultures收集和評(píng)估感知企業(yè)在各種文化的文化的行為。5.role playing 角色扮演identify the stakeholders involved in the design problem and assign those roles to members of the team辨別參與設(shè)計(jì)問題的股東并分配這些角色在團(tuán)隊(duì)中。by enacting the activities within a real

7、or imagined context,the team can trigger empathy for actual users and raise other relevant issues通過(guò)在一個(gè)實(shí)際或想象的背景下制定活動(dòng),團(tuán)隊(duì)可以理解他的引起實(shí)際用戶和提高其他相關(guān)事宜。6.rapid ethnography 快速人種志spend as much time as you can with people relevant to the design topic.establish their trust in order to visit an participate in their

8、natural habitat and witness specific activities和與設(shè)計(jì)主題相關(guān)的人一起花費(fèi)盡可能多的時(shí)間，建立起他們的信任以便訪問或參與他們的自然棲息地和見證特定活動(dòng)。this is a good way to achieve a deep firsthand understanding of habits,rituals,natural language,and meanings around relevant activities and artifacts這是一個(gè)很好的方式來(lái)達(dá)到直接的了解習(xí)慣儀式,自然語(yǔ)言,和相關(guān)活動(dòng)和物品的意義。7.extreme us

9、er interviews 極端用戶訪談identify individuals who are extremely familiar or completely unfamiliar with the product and ask them to evaluate their experience using it確定個(gè)人誰(shuí)是極為熟悉或完全不熟悉的產(chǎn)品，并要求他們用它來(lái)評(píng)估他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)these individuals are often able to highlight key issues of the design problem and provide insights for d

10、esign improvements這些人往往能夠突出關(guān)鍵問題和設(shè)計(jì)問題，為改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的見解8.a day in the life 生活中的一天catalog the activities and contexts that experience throughout an entire day編目整個(gè)一整天的活動(dòng)和背景，經(jīng)驗(yàn)this is a useful way to reveal unanticipated issues inherent in the routines and circumstances people experience daily這是一種有用的方式展示意料之外的固有的

11、問題情況下人們經(jīng)驗(yàn)。9.behavioral mapping 行為映射track the positions and movements of people within a space over time隨著時(shí)間的推移的空間內(nèi)跟蹤人的位置和運(yùn)動(dòng)recording the pathways and traffic patterns of occupants of a space helps to define zones of different spatial behaviors錄制的途徑和空間占用的交通模式，有助于確定不同空間行為區(qū)10.experience prototype 經(jīng)驗(yàn)原型q

12、uickly prototype a concept using avilable materials and use it in order to learn from a simulation of the experience using the product快速原型使用即時(shí)拍攝材料的概念，并使用它，從一個(gè)模擬以了解使用產(chǎn)品的經(jīng)驗(yàn)this is useful for revealing unanticipated issues or needs,as well as evaluating ideas這對(duì)于不可預(yù)料的問題或需要是有益的及其評(píng)估的想法。11.quick and dirty

13、prototyping 快速和骯臟的原型using any materials available quickly assemble possible forms or interactions for evaluation使用任何可得到的材料盡快獲得可能形式以及相互作用來(lái)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。this is a good way to communicate a concept to the team and evaluate how to refine the design這是一個(gè)溝通理念的團(tuán)隊(duì)的好方法以及評(píng)估如何提煉的設(shè)計(jì)。12.empathy tools 換位思考use tools like cl

14、ouded glasses and weighted gloves to experience processes as though you yourself have abilities of different users使用工具,如籠罩著的眼鏡和加權(quán)手套來(lái)體驗(yàn)，雖然過(guò)程你自己有能力不同的用戶。this is an easy way to prompt an empathic understanding for users with disabilities or special conditions這是一個(gè)容易的方法去提示一個(gè)移情理解用戶殘疾人士或特殊的條件。13.scale mode

15、ling 尺度建模use scaled,generic architectural model components to design spaces with the client,team,and users使用通用攀登建筑模型制作組件與客戶設(shè)計(jì)空間團(tuán)隊(duì)或用戶。this spatial prototyping tool provides a way to raise issues and respond to the underlying needs of different stakeholders這個(gè)空間的原型工具提供了一種方式提出問題和應(yīng)對(duì)不同利益相關(guān)者的潛在需求14.draw th

16、e experience 得出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)ask participants to visualize an experience through drawings and diagrams要求學(xué)員通過(guò)圖紙和圖表可視化的經(jīng)驗(yàn)this can be a good way to debunk assumptions and reveal how people conceive of and order their experiences or activities這可能是一個(gè)很好的做法揭穿假設(shè)和展示如何人們?cè)O(shè)想和命令他們的經(jīng)歷或者活動(dòng)。15.unfocus group 不聚成焦點(diǎn)的小組assemble a

17、 diverse group of individuals in a workshop to use a stimulating range of materials and create things that are relevant to your project招聚多樣的組車間的個(gè)人使用刺激多種材料相關(guān)的創(chuàng)造出一些的項(xiàng)目。encourages rich,creative,and divergent contributions from potential users,releases inhibitions,and opens up new thinking鼓勵(lì)潛在用戶釋放壓抑，開辟了

18、新的思路，豐富并創(chuàng)造性和發(fā)散的貢獻(xiàn)16.behavioral archaeology 行為考古學(xué)look for the evidence of peoples activities inherent in the placement,wear patterns,and organization of places and things尋找固有的活動(dòng)安置組織地點(diǎn)和事物模式的證據(jù)。this reveals how artifacts and environments figure in peoples lives,highlighting aspects of their lifestyle h

19、abits,priorities and values這揭示了文物和環(huán)境的身影在人們的生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的生活習(xí)慣，優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)和價(jià)值觀等方面17.time lapse video 時(shí)間推移視頻set up a time-lapse camera to record movements in a space over an extended period of time形成時(shí)間推移相機(jī)記錄長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在空間的運(yùn)動(dòng)useful for providing an objective,longitudinal view of activity within a context有用的上下文內(nèi)提供一個(gè)客觀的，活動(dòng)的縱

20、向視圖18.five whys 五個(gè)為什么ask why questions in response to five consecutive answers問為什么在連續(xù)五年的問題答案this exercise forces people to examine and express the underlying reasons for their behavior and attitudes這次演習(xí)迫使人們審視和表達(dá)他們的行為和態(tài)度的根本原因19.scenarios 場(chǎng)景illustrate a character-rich storyline describing the context

21、of use for a product or service說(shuō)明了一個(gè)性格豐富的故事情節(jié)，描述的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的使用方面this process helps to communicate and test the essence of a design idea within its probable context of use.it is especially useful for the evaluation of service concepts這個(gè)過(guò)程中，有助于溝通和測(cè)試的設(shè)計(jì)理念的精髓，在可能的情況下使用。它是特別有用的服務(wù)理念的評(píng)價(jià)20.fly on the wall 在墻壁上飛o

22、bserve and record behavior within its context,without interfering with peoples activities觀察并記錄在其范圍內(nèi)的行為，不干擾人們的活動(dòng)it is useful to see what people actually do within real contexts and time frames,rather than accept what they say they did after the fact它是有用的，看看有什么人實(shí)際上做真實(shí)背景和時(shí)限內(nèi)，而不是接受，他們說(shuō)，他們沒有事實(shí)后21.error a

23、nalysis 誤差分析list all the things that can go wrong when using a product and determine the various possible causes列出所有的事情可能出錯(cuò)在使用產(chǎn)品時(shí)，并確定各種可能的原因撤消修改this is a good way to understand how design features mitigate or contribute to inevitable human errors and other failures這是一個(gè)很好的方式來(lái)了解如何設(shè)計(jì)功能，減輕或有助于不可避免的人為錯(cuò)誤等

24、故障22.predict next years headlines 預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)年頭條新聞invite clients to project their company into the future,identifying how they want to develop and sustain customer relationships邀請(qǐng)客戶確定他們想如何發(fā)展和維持客戶關(guān)系投射到未來(lái)自己的公司based on customer-focused reaerch,these predictions can help clients to define which design issues to

25、 pursue in product development基于客戶為中心的改革探索，這些預(yù)測(cè)，可以幫助客戶確定哪些設(shè)計(jì)問題，以追求產(chǎn)品開發(fā)23.character profiles 人物資料based on observations of real people,develop character profiles to represent archetypes and the details of their behavior or lifestyle真正的人的意見為基礎(chǔ)，發(fā)展字符型材代表原型和他們的行為或生活方式的細(xì)節(jié)this is a useful way to bring a typ

26、ical customer to life and to communicate the value of different concepts to various target groups這是一個(gè)有用的方式，帶來(lái)了生活的典型客戶和溝通不同的概念，不同目標(biāo)群體的價(jià)值24.flow analysis 流量分析represent the flow of information or activity through all phases of a system or process代表通過(guò)系統(tǒng)或過(guò)程的各個(gè)階段的信息或活動(dòng)this is useful for identifying bottle

27、necks and opportunities for functional alternatives這是非常有用的，識(shí)別瓶頸和功能的替代品的機(jī)會(huì)25.cognitive task analysis 認(rèn)知任務(wù)分析list and summarize all of a users sensory inputs,decision points,and actions列出和總結(jié)所有用戶的感覺輸入，決策點(diǎn)和行動(dòng)this is good for understanding users perceptual,attentional,and informational needs and to identi

28、fy bottlenecks where errors may occur這是為了解用戶的知覺，注意力，信息的需求，并找出瓶頸可能會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤的地方26.bodystorming 身體風(fēng)暴set up a scenario and act out roles,with or without props,focusing on the intuitive responses prompted by the physical enactment成立一個(gè)方案和行動(dòng)的角色，有或沒有道具，物理制定重點(diǎn)提示的直覺反應(yīng)this method helps to quickly generate and test

29、 many context-and-behavior-based concepts這種方法有助于快速生成和測(cè)試許多情況下，基于行為的概念27.guided tours 導(dǎo)游accompany participants on a guided tour of the project-relevant spaces and activities they experience上一個(gè)項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的場(chǎng)所和活動(dòng)，他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)游陪同參加making an exploration of objects and actions in situ helps people recall their intention

30、s and values勘探對(duì)象和原位行動(dòng)，幫助人們記得他們的意圖和價(jià)值觀28.secondary research 二次研究review published articles papers,and other pertinent documents to develop an informed point of view on the design issues審查發(fā)表文章，論文，和其他有關(guān)文件，以開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)問題的知情點(diǎn)this is a useful way to ground observations and to develop a point of view on the state

31、of the art這是一個(gè)有用的方式，對(duì)地觀測(cè)和發(fā)展上最先進(jìn)的一種觀點(diǎn)29.long-range forecasts 長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)write up prose scenarios that describe how social and technological trends might influence peoples behavior and the use of a product ,service,or environment寫散文的情景，描述社會(huì)和科技的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)會(huì)如何影響人們的行為和使用產(chǎn)品，服務(wù)，環(huán)境predicting changes in behavior industry,

32、or technology can help clients to understand the implications of design decisions預(yù)測(cè)行業(yè)行為，或技術(shù)的變化，可以幫助客戶了解設(shè)計(jì)決策的影響30.informance 提供的消息act out an informative performance scenario by role-playing insights or behaviors that you have witnessed or researched擔(dān)任角色扮演的見解或行為，你目睹或研究的一個(gè)內(nèi)容豐富的表現(xiàn)場(chǎng)景this is a good way to

33、 communicate an insight and build a shared understanding of a concept and its implications這是一個(gè)很好的方式，交流見解，并建立了一個(gè)概念的共同理解及其影響31.behavior sampling 行為抽樣give people a pager or phone and ask them to record and evaluate the situation they are in when it ring給人們一個(gè)尋呼機(jī)或手機(jī)，并要求他們記錄和評(píng)估的情況，他們是在它響的時(shí)候this is a usefu

34、l way to discover how products and services get integrated into peoples routines in unanticipated ways這是一個(gè)有用的方式來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)怎樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)集成在意想不到的方式進(jìn)入人們的例程32.surveys and questionnaires 調(diào)查和問卷ask a series of targeted questions in order to ascertain particular characteristics and perceptions of users提出了一系列有針對(duì)性的問題，以確定用

35、戶的具體特點(diǎn)和看法this is a quick way to elicit answers from a large number of people這是一個(gè)快速的方法來(lái)引起了一大批人的答案33.shadowing 陰影tag along with people to observe and understand their day-to-day routines,interactions and contexts與人相處的標(biāo)記來(lái)觀察和了解他們的日常的日常例程，互動(dòng)和背景this is a valuable way to reveal design opportunities and sho

36、w how a product might affect or complement users behavior這是一個(gè)有價(jià)值的方法，揭示設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)，并顯示如何可能影響產(chǎn)品或配合用戶的行為petitive product survey 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)品調(diào)查collect,compare,and conduct evaluations of the products competition收集，比較，并進(jìn)行了產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)評(píng)估this is a useful way to establish functional requirements,performance standards,and other

37、 benchmarks這是一個(gè)有用的方式，建立功能要求，性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和其他基準(zhǔn)35.try it yourself 嘗試一下自己use the product or prototype you are designing你正在設(shè)計(jì)使用的產(chǎn)品或原型trying the product being designed prompts the team to appreciate the experience the actual users might have正在設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品，試圖提示團(tuán)隊(duì)體會(huì)到實(shí)際的用戶可能有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)36.narration 旁白as they perform a process or

38、execute a specific task,ask participants to describe aloud what they are thinking因?yàn)樗麄儓?zhí)行過(guò)程中或執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)，要求學(xué)員大聲來(lái)形容他們?cè)谙胧裁磘his is a useful way to reach users motivations,concerns,perceptions,and reasoning這是一個(gè)有用的方式，以達(dá)到用戶的動(dòng)機(jī)，關(guān)注，認(rèn)知，推理37.word-concept association 概念關(guān)聯(lián)ask people to associate descriptive words with

39、 different design concepts or features in order to show how they perceive and value the issues要求人們聯(lián)想到不同的設(shè)計(jì)概念或功能的描述性詞語(yǔ)，以表明他們是如何看待和重視的問題clustering users perceptions helps to evaluate and prioritize design features and concepts集群用戶的看法，有助于評(píng)估和優(yōu)先考慮的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)和概念38.paper prototyping 紙上原型rapidly sketch,layout,and

40、 evaluate interaction design concept for basic usability迅速草圖，布局，評(píng)估交互設(shè)計(jì)的概念，基本的可用性this is good way to quickly organize,articulate,and visualize interaction design concepts這是很好的方式，迅速組織，能說(shuō)會(huì)道，和可視化交互的設(shè)計(jì)理念39.still-photo survey 靜止照片調(diào)查follow a planned shooting script and capture pictures of specific objects,

41、activities,etc按照計(jì)劃拍攝腳本和捕獲特定對(duì)象的照片，活動(dòng)等the team can use this visual evidence to uncover patterns of behavior and perceptions related to a particular product or context,as well as structure and inspire design ideas團(tuán)隊(duì)可以使用這種視覺證據(jù)揭露行為和某一特定產(chǎn)品或上下文相關(guān)的看法，以及結(jié)構(gòu)模式和激勵(lì)的設(shè)計(jì)思路40.camera journal 相機(jī)日記ask potential users t

42、o keep a written and visual diary of their impressions,circumstances,and activities related to the product問潛在用戶，以保持對(duì)他們的印象，情況和活動(dòng)與產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的書面和視覺日記this rich,self-conducted notation technique is useful for prompting users to reveal points of view and patterns of behavior豐富，進(jìn)行自我符號(hào)技術(shù)是有用的提示用戶透露的觀點(diǎn)和行為模式的點(diǎn)41.col

43、lage 拼貼ask participants to build a collage from a provided collection of images,and to explain the significance of the images and arrangements they choose 要求學(xué)員建立拼貼，從提供的圖像集合，并解釋他們選擇的圖像和安排的重要意義this illustrates participants understanding and perceptions of issues and helps them verbalize complex or uni

44、magined themes這說(shuō)明了參與者的理解和對(duì)問題的看法，并幫助他們用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)復(fù)雜或令人難以想象的主題42.affinity diagrams 親和圖cluster design elements according to intuitive relationships such as similarity,dependence,proximity,etc根據(jù)集群的設(shè)計(jì)元素，如直觀的相似性，依賴性，接近等關(guān)系this method is a useful way to identify connections between issues and reveal innovation op

45、portunities這種方法是一種有用的方法，找出問題之間的聯(lián)系，揭示創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)43.card sort 卡排序on separate cards,name possible features,functions,or design attributes.ask people to organize the cards spatially,in ways that make sense to them在不同的卡，可能的特性，功能或設(shè)計(jì)屬性的命名。使他們的意識(shí)要求人民組織卡空間的方式this helps to expose peoples mental models of a device o

46、r system.their organization reveals expect ations and priorities about the intended functions這有助于暴露人的心理模型的設(shè)備或系統(tǒng)。他們的組織，揭示了期望論和預(yù)定功能的優(yōu)先次序44.historical analysis 歷史分析compare features of an industry,organization,group,market segment,or practice through various stages of development比較行業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，組織組，細(xì)分市場(chǎng)，或?qū)嵺`中，通過(guò)

47、不同的發(fā)展階段this method helps to identify trends and cycles of product use and customer behavior and to project those patterns into the future這種方法有助于確定趨勢(shì)和循環(huán)使用的產(chǎn)品和顧客的行為，并投射到未來(lái)的模式45.conceptual landscape 概念性景觀diagram,sketch,or map the aspects of abstract social and behavioral constructs or phenomena圖，草圖，或地圖

48、等方面的社會(huì)和行為的抽象結(jié)構(gòu)或現(xiàn)象this is a helpful way to understand peoples mental models of the issues related to the design problem這是一個(gè)有益的方式來(lái)理解人的心理模型設(shè)計(jì)問題有關(guān)的問題46.activity analysis 活動(dòng)分析list or represent in detail all tasks,actions,objects,performers,and interactions involved in a process詳細(xì)列出或代表的所有任務(wù)，行動(dòng)，對(duì)象，表演，在參與過(guò)程中的交互this is a useful way to identify and prioritize which stakeholders to interview as well as which issues to address這是一個(gè)有用的方法來(lái)識(shí)別，并優(yōu)先考慮其中的利益相關(guān)者以及解決的問題采訪47.foreign corre