2021年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)沖刺試題(二) 上

1、XX年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)沖刺試題(二) 上 一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(每題0.5分，共10分)選擇下列答案中正確的一個(gè)，選擇您認(rèn)為正確的答案 News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary(untested) data,hypotheses,and models (which by definition are tentative).This aspect of scien _-1 because it has not been widely2 and aepted-is

2、 called frontier scien _.The media3 to focus on frontier scien _ because its so-called “breakthroughs” _ke good news stories.Just because something is in the 4 of frontier scien _,5 ,does not mean that it isnt worthy of serious consideration;6 ,such _tters need further study to determine their 7. 8

3、contrast,consensus scien _ consists of data,models,theories,and laws that are widely aepted.This aspect of scien _ is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy.The trouble is that the word scien _ is used to 10 both frontier and consensus scien _,without 11.The media preferen _12 frontier scien _

4、 gives the public the 13 impression that frontier scien _ 14 very _rtain conclusions,which _y or _y not be correct. However,15 some frontier scien _ is later shown to be unreliable,members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus scien _ is also quite un _rtain.We need to take both frontier and

5、 consensus scien _ 17 but recognize their differen _s.One way to find out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bo _s that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of scien _ and technology. 1、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A controversial B suspicious C debatable D untrustworthy

6、 2、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 B A checked B tested C approved D confirmed 3、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 D A prefer B tempt C intend D tend 4、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 C A hedge B circle C realm D scope 5、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 B A thereby B however C moreover D notwithstanding 6、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A rather B otherwise C

7、 anyway D furthermore 7、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 C A integrity Bavailability C reliability D controversy 8、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A By B To C On D For 9、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 D A merely B oddly C fairly D rarely 10、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 D A refer B indicate C modify D describe 11、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 B A discr

8、imination B distinction C ex _ption D presumption 12、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 C A to B on C for Dwith 13、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 B A fancy B false C vivid D virtual 14、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A presents Breaches C provides D grants 15、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 C A until B unless C when D while 16、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】

9、 B A i _gine B conclude C predict D per _ive 17、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 D A identically B uniformly C cautiously D seriously 18、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A on B to C with D in 19、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 A A sum _rize B syste _tize C recognize D revitalize 20、 （本題分值：0.5分） 【正確答案】 D A latent B intact C odd D key 二

10、、閱讀理解題(每題2分，共40分)閱讀下列短文，理解意思后選擇下列答案中正確的一個(gè) Part of the scientific faith of the late nieenth _ntury was the view that there was one and only one scientific method.This method,argued writers like Karl Pearson in his Gram _r of Scien _,was the only sure method for arriving at knowledge in any sphere.The

11、 method was easily described:collect the facts in the area under study;order them into sequen _s,such that lawlike ourren _s could be seen;then,write down the laws so identified.Aording to this view,disciplines differed only as to subject _tter,sin _ the unity of scien _ consisted of its method alon

12、e.Also,aording to this view,the results of scientific investigation(that沖刺 is,new knowledge)will always be embo _d in the form of a law connecting the facts in the area under study. Explanation,aording to this view,is simply aounting for facts on the basis of a deduction from a known law or laws,or

13、aounting for some subordinate law on the basis of a deduction from some more general law or laws.The most influential formulation of this explanation is Carl GHempels,perhaps most aessibly articulated in his article“Explanation in Scien _ and History.” Sometimes,aording to Hempel,such laws are of a

14、strictly universal form and other times they are of a probabilistic or statistical form.They are assertions,in this latter case,of the kind that if _rtain specified conditions are realized then an ourren _ of such and such a kind will e about with such and such a probability. I think that it would b

15、e true to say that in the late nieenth _ntury it was felt that one feature distinguishing physics from history as a discipline was that,even if they shared exactly the same method,physics had no need for the latter kind of probabilistic explanation-at least in principle-while in history it was unavo

16、idable. However,in the twentieth _ntury,whatever else _y distinguish physics and history as disciplines it is not that physics uses only strictly universal laws and deductive explanations in the nieenth _ntury sense,while history does not.The physics of this _ntury,from 1900 onward,has been interest

17、ed in aggregates（集成體） of _rtain classes of physical individuals(the particles)and in aounts of the individuals that would enable one to understand the aggregates.As a consequen _ partly of this (ne _ssary)interest in statistical data pertaining to the very s _ll,as well as for a number of other reas

18、ons,physicists have tended to formulate the mechanics of the very s _ll in terms of equations in which probabilistic notions are fundamental. 21、Aording to Karl Pearson,only one scientific method （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 C A prevailed in every field of study during _0s. B directed the collection and arrange

19、ment of facts. C served as a unique element uniting all disciplines. D _de the identification of new knowledge plausible. 22、As stated by Hempel,general laws are （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 D A based on detailed aounts of actual facts. B posed of subordinate laws by deduction. C realized in probabilistic or st

20、atistic form. D applied to all cases or under _rtain conditions. 23、The author feels sure of the truth that in 19th _ntury （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 A A physics and history shared a mon feature. B the same method blended history with physics. C statistical laws were patible with physics. D probabilistic meth

21、od was inapplicable to history. 24、In the 20th _ntury,it was true that （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 D A universal laws _ased to belong merely to physics. B deductive explanations became dominant in history. C distinction between history and physics turned obscure. D statistical explanations were adopted by phys

22、icists. 25、In the study of physical particles, （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 C A statistical infor _tion aounts for the interest in aggregates. B probabilistic con _ptions result from their formulation. C description of their mechanics is based on statistical data. D physical equations are aountable for probabil

23、istic ideas. 二、閱讀理解題(每題2分，共40分)閱讀下列短文，理解意思后選擇下列答案中正確的一個(gè) Throughout history, gold has been a precious _terial, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be mined because it is beautiful and imperishable (which will always exist or cannot wear out), and because beautiful objects

24、 can be _de from it-even with primitive tools. The amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably totaled not much more than the amount produ _d each year by the worlds largest gold mine located in the Witwatersrand district of South Africa. Stores of gold discovered by archaeologists in Gree _, S

25、cythia, and Egypt, as well as the gold from Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru, represented years of patient collection of s _ll quantities from streams and veins (礦脈), often by slave labor. The essential value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It re _ins the onl

26、y universally recognized standard of value in international moary exchange. Most of the worlds refined gold is absorbed by gover _ents and _ntral banks to provide backing for paper currency. But the amount of gold used in arts and in industry is increasing. In addition to its use for jewelry, decora

27、tive finishes, and dentistry, its special properties have led to _ny applications in modern scien _ and technology. Su _ _ coatings of gold protect earth sa _ites from heat and corrosion, and _rtain electrical ponents and circuits of spa _craft are _de of gold when extreme reliability is required. G

28、old was first produ _d in the United States from the southern Appalachian region, beginning about 1792. These deposits, though rich, were relatively s _ll and were quickly depleted. The discovery of gold at Sutters Mill in California sparked the gold rush of 1849-50. Hundreds of mining camps sprang

29、to life as new deposits were discovered. As a result, the production of gold increased rapidly. During World War and for some years thereafter, annual production declined to about two million oun _s. When the pri _ of gold was raised in 1934 to 35 an oun _, production increased rapidly. Shortly afte

30、r the start of World War , gold mines were closed and the gover _ent did not permit them to reopen until 1945. Sin _ then the production of gold has not ex _eded two million oun _s a year. The largest producing gold mine in the United States is the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, which yields about

31、575,000 oun _s of gold each year. Other mines scattered throughout various parts of the world produ _ even larger amounts of this highly prized and eagerly sought yellowish _terial. 26、With respect to gold, the author favors the statement that （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 C A its beauty and imperishability _de

32、it the first to be discovered among all metals. B rich deposits of it were found by archaeologists in ancient Gree _ and Egypt. C primitive people must have learned to _ke fine ornaments from the precious metal. D Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru were collected by slaves from brooks and veins. 2

33、7、Aording to the text, which of the following is true? （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 B A Su _ _ coatings of gold protect earth sa _ites from radiation. B Most of the worlds refined gold is used for currency backing. C The worlds largest gold mine is located in South Dakota, U.S. DThe mining of gold can be tra _d

34、 back to the feudal age. 28、The author suggests that （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 D the U.S. is the largest produ _r of gold in the world. B ancient peoples collected gold in considerable amounts. C gold was first mined in the U.S. in the mid 1700s. D gover _ents keep the production of gold under control. 29、To

35、 develop his ideas, the author uses （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 D A arguments and proofs. B personal opinions. C convincing examples. D factual descriptions. 30、 It can be inferred from the text that （本題分值：2分） 【正確答案】 C A gold supplies are judged to be shrinking gradually. B dentistry is de _nding much more gol

36、d now than ever before. C the yield of gold has been increasing sin _ mid 1950s. D gold has been highly valued as a strategic _terial. 新浪教育 | 新浪首頁(yè) xx年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)沖刺試題(二) 答題時(shí)間： 00:00 顯示答案 開(kāi)始記時(shí) 【題目選擇】：21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 二、閱讀理解題(每題2分，共40分)閱讀下列短文，理解意思后選擇下列答案中正確的一個(gè) Maybe its a sign of a _ture mind

37、when some of lifes bigger questions-about love,faith,ambition-suddenly seem more _nageable than s _ller ones,such as:Why did I just open the refrigerator?Where on earth did I put my keys?Where did I write down that phone number? Our capacity for storing and recalling infor _tion does not stream down

38、 like sand through an hourglass,as neurologists on _ believed.On the contrary,new research suggests that,when stimulated in the right way,brains of almost any age can give birth to _lls and forge fresh pathways to file away new infor _tion.This emerging picture has not only encouraged those who trea

39、t and care for the 5% of older _s who have dementia（癡呆癥）such as Alzheimers disease,but also generated a wave of optimi _ among those studying memory changes in the other 95%,as well as an increasing public fascination with “memory enhan _ment” _tary supplements,books and brain improving techniques. The slight failures of memory that _ny of us attribute to a failing brain are often due to something entirely different:anxiety,sleep problems,depression,even heart disease.The biological nuts and bolt