WindowsServer2003WINS安裝設定與管理維護

1、Windows Server 2003,WINS,安裝設定與管理維護,林寶森,Microsoft TCP/IP Protocol Suite,Windows,Sockets,Applications,Sockets,NetBIOS,Applications,NetBIOS,NetBIOS over TCP/IP,Application,TDI,TCP,UDP,Transport,ICMP,IGMP,IP,Internet,ARP,WAN Technologies,Serial Lines, Frame Relay,ATM,LAN Technologies,Ethernet, Token Rin

2、g,FDDI,Network,What Is a NetBIOS Name,NetBIOS names are 16-byte addresses that,uniquely identify a process for network,identification,NetBIOS names are registered dynamically and,can be,Used only once in a network,Registered as unique names or group names,Use browsing to locate shared resources on t

3、he,network,NetBIOS Name Resolution,net use,x,francepublic,NetBIOS Name Cache,Empty,1,Not Resolved,Primary,WINS Server,2,Name Query Request,resend to secondary,server if not available,Secondary,WINS Server,3,Broadcast,Requested Name,Does Not Exist,NetBIOS Name Resolution Nodes,A,NetBIOS node type,is

4、a method that a computer uses to,resolve a NetBIOS name into an IP address,Node type,B-node,P-node,M-node,H-node,Description,Registry,value,1,2,4,8,Uses broadcasts for name registration,and resolution,Uses a NetBIOS name server such as,WINS to resolve NetBIOS names,Combines B-node and P-node, but,fu

5、nctions as a B-node by default,Combines P-node and B-node, but,functions as a P-node by default,WINS Service for a LAN,Client B,WINS Clients,H-node,Client A,Client C,WINS,Server,H-node,Register, Renew, Release,and Query by Unicast,traffic then use LMHosts,and Broadcasts,Unicast,reduces,broadcasts,Th

6、e LMHosts File,Lmhosts File,192.168.1.1,192.168.2.1,Mexico,France, Sales Server, Database Server,192.168.3.1,192.168.4.1,192.168.5.1,UK,Sweden,Australia,PRE,PRE, Training Server, Main Office Server, MIS Server,WINS Client,Options for NetBIOS Name Resolution,LMHOSTS,Suitable for small environments,Re

7、duces broadcast traffic,Requires static IP addresses,WINS,Suitable for organizations of all sizes,Reduces broadcast traffic,Does not require static IP addresses,WINS Overview,Registration,Renewal,Query,Release,WINS Client,WINS Server,How a WINS Client Registers and,Releases NetBIOS Names,Name Regist

8、ered,Name Released,WINS Client,WINS Server,1,2,WINS client sends request to register,WINS server returns registration message with TTL value,indicating when the registration expires if not renewed,WINS client sends request to release name,WINS server sends a positive name lease response,How a WINS C

9、lient Resolves NetBIOS,Names,Up to 3 attempts,WINS Server A,ClientA,1,Subnet 2,Subnet 1,2,WINS Server B,3,1,2,Subnet 2,Client makes 3 attempts to contact WINS server, but does not,receive a response,Client attempts to contact all WINS servers until contact is made,If name is resolved, IP address is

10、returned to the client,3,The Components of WINS,WINS Server,Subnet 2,WINS,Database,WINS Client,Subnet 1,WINS Proxy,Configuring a WINS Proxy,WINS Database,Client1,Server1,192.168.0.11,192.168.0.12,WINS,Server,Broadcast for IP of,Server2,Server2,192.168.0.13,Static Mapping,IP Router,Broadcast,WINS Pro

11、xy,Server2 192.168.0.13,Request Forwarded to WINS,Server by WINS Proxy,Non-WINS Client,What Is a Static Mapping,A,static mapping,is a manual entry in the WINS database that,maps a NetBIOS name to an IP address,Administrator enters computer,name-to-IP address entry,Non-WINS Clients,WINS Database,Conf

12、iguring Static Mappings,New Static Mapping,General,Static Mapping,You can add static name-to-address mappings to the WINS,database, but only for computers that cannot register,dynamically in WINS. Static mappings can replicate,throughout your WINS environment and write over records on,other servers,

13、Computer name,NetBIOS scope (optional,Type,IP,address,Unique,192 . 168 . 1 . 200,LONDON,OK,Cancel,Apply,Integrating WINS and DNS,DNS Domain Name Used to Locate,Authoritative DNS Server,DNS Server Queries WINS to Resolve DNS,Host Name to IP Address,Client,DNS Query,DNS,Server,WINS,Server,Configuring

14、DNS to Forward Queries to,WINS Servers,nwtraders.msft Properties,General,WINS,Start of Authority (SOA,Zone Transfers,Name Servers,Security,You can use WINS to resolve names not found by,querying the DNS namespace,Use WINS forward lookup,Do not replicate this record,IP,address,Advanced,To change the

15、default values, provide new values,and then click OK,DDDD:HH:MM:SS,Cache time-out,0,0,15,0,Lookup time-out,0,0,0,2,Add,192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3,Remove,Up,Down,OK,Cancel,Adv,anced,OK,Cancel,Apply,How Burst Handling Works,Burst handling,is the response of a WINS server to a large,number of

16、WINS clients that are trying to simultaneously,register their local names in WINS,1,2,Request to register,Registered,Configuring Advanced WINS Server Options,LONDON 192.168.1.200 Properties,General,Intervals,Database Verification,Advanced,Log detailed events to Windows event log,Detailed event loggi

17、ng can degrade system performance,and is recommended only for troubleshooting WINS,Enable burst handling,Set the number of requests that the server can handle at,one time before clients have to retry registration or renewal,Low,High,Medium,Custom,Database path,widir%system32wins,Starting version ID

18、(hexadecimal,0,Use computer names that are compatible with LAN,Manager,OK,Cancel,Apply,WINS Service for a Routed Network,WINS Server,Subnet 1,WINS Servers,WINS Clients,Subnet 3,WINS Server,Subnet 2,WAN Link,WINS Client,Washington, D.C,Santiago,How WINS Replication Works,WINS replication,is the proce

19、ss of copying updated WINS data,from a WINS server to other WINS servers in a network to,synchronize the data,WINS Server A,WINS Server B,WINS,Replication,Subnet 1,Subnet 2,HostA,HostB,How Push Replication Works,A push partner notifies replication partners when the database reaches a set,threshold o

20、f changes,Push replication maintains a high level of synchronization/use with fast links,WINS Server A,Subnet 1,Notification sent,Replication request,3,Replicas sent,4,2,WINS Server B,1,50 changes occur,in database,Subnet 2,1,2,WINS Server A reaches set threshold of 50 changes in its database,WINS S

21、erver A notifies WINS Server B that threshold is reached,WINS Server B responds to WINS Server A with a replication request,WINS Server A sends replicas of its new database entries,3,4,How Pull Replication Works,A pull partner requests replication based on a set time,Pull replication limits frequenc

22、y of replication traffic across slow links,Requests changes,Replicas sent,every 8 hours,WINS Server A,1,2,WINS Server B,Subnet 1,Subnet 2,1,2,WINS Server A requests database changes every 8 hours,WINS Server B sends replicas of its new database entries,Configuring WINS Replication,BONN Properties,Ge

23、neral,Advanced,Replication partner type,Pull replication,Use persistent connection for replication,0,0,0,Push/Pull,Push/Pull,Start time,Replication interval,0,0,30,Set Default,Push replication,Use persistent connection for replication,Number of changes in version ID before,replication,0,Set Default,

24、OK,Cancel,Apply,Replication Partner Properties,Property,Enable automatic,partner configuration,Enable persistent,connections,Description,As WINS servers are discovered,joining the network, they are added as,replication partners,Increases the speed of replication so,that a server can immediately send

25、,records to its partners,Enable overwrite unique,If presented with both a static and,static mappings at this,dynamic-type entry for the same name,the static mapping is overwritten,server (migrate on,Replication Strategies,SEA-WINS,1 hour,3 hour,12 hours,12 hours,ATL-WINS,Australia,MEX-WINS,SYD-WINS,

26、WINS Replication Topology,WINS-B,WINS-A,Ring,Fully Mesh,Chain,WINS-C,WINS-D,Using a Hub-and-Spoke Model,WINS-C,Hub and Spoke,replication minimizes,convergence times,push/pull,WINS-B,WINS-E,push/pull,push/pull,WINS-A,push/pull,WINS-D,How a WINS Database Is Checked for Consistency,Checking WINS databa

27、se,consistency,helps maintain database,integrity among WINS servers in a large network,WINS Server,WINS Server,WINS Server,Verifying WINS Database Consistency,LONDON 192.168.1.200 Properties,General,Intervals,Database Verification,Advanced,24,hours,Verify database consistency every,Hours,Begin verif

28、ying at,2,Minutes,Seconds,0,0,Maximum number of records verified each period,30000,Verify against,Owner servers,Randomly selected partners,OK,Cancel,Apply,What Are Simple Deletion and,Tombstoned Deletion of Records,To recover unused space that obsolete records,occupy, you can update the WINS databas

29、e by,Simple deletion,Records selected by using the WINS,console are removed from the current local WINS server,Tombstoned deletion,Records are marked for deletion,replicated to other WINS servers, and then removed during,the next scavenging operation,Removing Records from the WINS Database,LONDON 19

30、2.168.1.200 Properties,General,Intervals,Database Verification,Advanced,Set the rate at which records are renewed, deleted and verified,Renew interval,Extinction interval,Days,6,4,6,24,Hours,0,0,0,0,Minutes,0,0,0,0,Extinction timeout,Verification interval,Restore Defaults,OK,Cancel,Apply,How Scaveng

31、ing Works,6-days,4-days,6-days,Active,Released,Extinct,Removed,6,5,4,3,2,1,The active names that the WINS server owns and for,Released names that the WINS server owns and for,Names marked for deletion for which the,Names marked for deletion that are replicated from other,Extinction,The scavenging timer starts when the server starts up,Active names that are rep