高中英語完形填空方法與技巧講解

Welcometoourclass!,GuessthemissingwordsinthesongImaNewSoul.,Brainstorming,ImaNewSoulIma_soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_findingmyselfmakingeverypossible_la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Ima_soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand_.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.,_,New,_,_,_,_,_,new,take,fear,mistake,young,fake,ClozetestMethods&Skills,命題特點,1完形填空主要是在語篇語境中考查知識。2完形填空的體裁多以為主，偶有議論文、夾敘夾議的文章或說明文。3要求選擇填空的詞常為實詞（如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等）著重詞義辨析能力的考查；代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞（包括從句的連接詞）考得較少。4.首句不設空。5.邏輯鏈上挖空（原文中有線索詞提示）。6.選項設計：同一詞類、同一語法形式。,記敘文,詞匯,跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意,再讀全文，反復檢查,結合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案,瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破,完形填空的解題步驟,三種主要解題技巧：詞匯運用推理判斷緊抓主旨,利用所學詞匯，根據(jù)文章大意辨析詞義，選出最佳選項，如：Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_hisnotes.A.bringupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon【思路點撥】B。此題考查短語動詞的區(qū)別，這四個短語的基本意義為：bringup“養(yǎng)育，提出，吐出”，referto“論及，談到，參考”，lookfor“尋找”，tryon“試穿”，根據(jù)題義：“經(jīng)理在商務會議上講了一個小時沒看講稿”。應選B。,一、詞匯運用,二、推理判斷,我們可以從以下幾方面進行推理判斷：1、運用“前置信息”與“后置信息”,即語境2、運用復現(xiàn)詞語3、運用同義詞或近義詞4、運用反義詞5、運用上下義詞6、運用邏輯關系7、運用生活常識及文化背景知識,充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。例如：Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad,1、運用“前置信息”與“后置信息”,2、利用復現(xiàn)詞語,有時為了表達的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出現(xiàn)，可以借助這一信息選擇正確答案。AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather_1_.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof_2_.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2.A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help,在英語中有時為了避免重復，常用意思相同或相近的詞或解釋性的語言來連接上下文。IrememberasachildIsaidsomething_aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual【思路點撥】A。近義詞復現(xiàn)，從后暗示unpleasant得知答案。,3、利用同義詞或近義詞,語意的連貫有時通過對比的結構采用反義復現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋。應注意分析這類概念復現(xiàn)，從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow(淺的).Butinsomeplacesitisvery.A.highB.deepC.coldD.dangerous,4、利用反義詞,5、利用上下義詞上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體。它們是包含與被包含的關系。如：food是bread,noodle,milk,rice的上義詞，反之bread,noodle,milk,rice是food的下義詞。,1.Hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother_,specificallyherhearing（NMET2010湖北卷）A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses2.Idroppedallthecoinsinto“Itprovedtobeawasteof_,”IthoughtA.wordsB.effortC.spaceD.money,如表示結構層次的firstly,secondly,finally等；如表示并列關系的and,or,besides,aswell(as)等；表示因果關系的thus,therefore,so等，表示改變話題的bytheway；表示遞進關系的besides,whatsmore,further等，表示轉折關系的however,but,while,ontheotherhand等等。做題時如果能充分利用這些過渡詞匯，就可以迅速理清文章脈絡，弄清上下文的關系。,6、利用邏輯關系,【小試闖關】1.WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.IdecidedtobuyacarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore_home.A.leavingB.makingC.returningD.getting【思路點撥】此題考查行文邏輯中的因果關系、時間先后順序。從第一句的arrived可知題2選A（leaving）。2.Shewassmallinfigurebutstrongin_.A.brainB.wishC.willD.health,根據(jù)連詞確定選項。,7、運用生活常識及文化背景知識了解生活常識，確定相關知識,1.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.ThiswasthebeginningofanotherordinarydayinNewYorkCity.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe_hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest,三、緊抓主旨,作者往往通過首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，體現(xiàn)文章的題材、體裁。在做完形填空時，我們要理清文章思路，把握作者的態(tài)度或思想情感，這對做好一篇完形有著非常重要的作用，否則可能導致幾個空格的連續(xù)選填失誤。,Bedtimestoriesareoneofthedelightsofearlychildhood.AccordingtoDr.JulieSpreadburyfromQueenslandUniversity,Parentsshouldnot_1_readingtotheirchildrenaftertheyenterprimaryschool.A.speedupB.keepupC.giveupD.holdup,解題誤區(qū)做完形填空時，除了依據(jù)所學語言知識和解題技巧外，還應避免幾個誤區(qū)。1、單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結構，試圖用語言知識解決所有問題。2、時間安排不當，做完形填空的時間應控制在15分鐘左右。正確的做法是由易到難。,Task:Usethemethodsyouhavelearnedtoanalyseyourhomework.,Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.1.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentsD.classification2.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living3.A.smartB.curiousC.matureD.average4.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs,Practicemakesperfect!NMET2011GuangdongClozeTest,argued,children,classes,intellectual,_,children,_,_,_,these,However,gifted,同詞（同源詞）暗示,同一話題暗示,同一話題（場景）暗示,反義暗示,反義暗示,因果暗示,_,_,However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachersdirections.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly,_,_,_,反義暗示,與gifted近義暗示,giftedchildren,_,因果暗示,反義暗示,因果暗示,Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegiftedchildwhoisboredisan15child.10.A.doubtedB.boredC.worriedD.tired11.A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest12.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers13.A.talentedB.worriedC.learnedD.interested14.A.believeB.thinkC.sayD.feel15.A.outstandingB.intelligentC.anxiousD.ordinary,_,this,_,these,_,_,_,so,_,近義暗示,同詞（同源詞）暗示,上下義詞暗示