動名詞的用法.ppt

,ModuleTwo,語法點(diǎn)的講練,動名詞,Grammar,動名詞的定義,它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。基本形式為:v-ing,動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。,動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）,注意：動名詞的否定形式是：notwriting,V-ing形式的構(gòu)成方式：,1.在一般情況下，在動詞原形后直接加詞尾ing。eg.gogoing;dodoing;askasking;read-readingstudystudying;carrycarrying;flyflying;worryworrying;2.在以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后，去掉e，再加-ing。ecominglivelivingdancedancingmakemaking3.在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動詞，而末尾只有一個輔音字母時，將這個輔音字母雙寫（x除外），然后再加ing.sitsitting;runrunning;beginbeginning;forgetforgetting4.在少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的動詞后：須將ie變作y，再加-ing。(這些動詞詞典一般均注明)eg.diedying;tietyinglielying,動名詞能在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？,以及同位語,動名詞的基本用法,用作主語所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing2)Itisawasteoftime+doing3)Itisfun+doing在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。Itsnousecryingoverspilt溢出milk.(覆水難收）Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子們一起玩真好。,3.句型Thereis往往用于說明不允許、禁止某種活動或是某件事情發(fā)生或存在。類似一種建議、命令等。1)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.2)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵賴這個事實，中國自它成立以來已在各個方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。3)Thereisnolitteringabout.不許亂扔雜物。,2.用作賓語,1）作動詞的賓語某些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay推遲耽誤,practise,resist堅持suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout開始做,succeedin,worryabout,burstout突然發(fā)生,insiston,beusedto,getusedto,devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto準(zhǔn)備等。如：Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他們繼續(xù)走，說個不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。,為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：,后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：,避免，錯過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住承認(rèn)，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid,miss,postpone/putoff,suggest,finish,practice,enjoy,imagine,canthelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind,2）作介詞的賓語Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我們休息呢還是開始干活？Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？,注意：to在下列短語中是介詞，常跟動名詞作賓語。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdownto開始認(rèn)真做payattentiontodevoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于leadtocontributetoobjectto（反對）Letsgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.,動名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語：giveup,canthelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout開始做某事,putoff,thinkof，insiston等Icanthelplovingyou.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?4)既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表達(dá)的意義不同。Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我記得在賓館見過她。(動作發(fā)生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我記著要去賓館見她。(動作尚未發(fā)生),1remember/forget/regret,todo動作尚未發(fā)生,doing動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,2.try,todo設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力,doing試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）,3.mean,todo打算做（主語一般是人）,doing意味著（主語一般是物）,4.regret,todo對將要做的事抱歉,doing對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔,5.stop,todo停下去做另外一件事,doing停止做手頭的事情,注意,1.在一些動名詞（短語）作介詞in的賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in可以省略。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：1）difficultytroubleS+have+problem+(in)doing.agood/hardtimefun2)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.3)bebusyS+losetime+(in)doing.wastetime4)S+spendtime/money(in)doingsth.,注意,在帶有賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往用it作形式賓語而將真正賓語（動名詞）放在句尾。,Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain.Idongthinkitworthwhiledoingitrightnow.,thinkconsideruselessS+findit+nouse+doingfeellikenogoodetc.,Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.),作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。,）動名詞的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Wouldyoumind_（我開窗戶嗎）？Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?my/me稱為動名詞的邏輯主語IcantunderstandJack/Jacksleavinghiswife.Icantunderstandhis/himleavinghiswife.Jacks/Hisleavinghiswifeisunbelievable.動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動名詞的幾個注意事項,邏輯主語通常是由物主代詞，人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格，名詞構(gòu)成。在句子開頭時，必須使用物主代詞或名詞所有格。Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.,（四）動名詞作定語,動名詞作定語放在所修飾的名詞之前，與所修飾的名詞間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示所修飾的名詞的功能、作用。Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.Mr.Wangsuffersfrominsomnia(失眠),hehastotakeasleepingtablets（藥片）beforegoingtobed.Heistoooldandhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick（棍棒）.,nsmn,tblt,動名詞做同位語,Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradio,remainsunchanged.他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍沒有改變。,四、動名詞的被動語態(tài),（一）一般式（beingdone)（二）完成式（havingbeendone),（一）一般式（beingdone),當(dāng)一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是該動作的對象（即動名詞所表示的動作與邏輯主語有動賓關(guān)系）時，動名詞一般要用被動式。,Hecameinwithoutbeingasked.Idontmindbeinglefthomeallbymyself.Hedislikedbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment.Tomavoidedbeingpunishedbecauseofhisfathersabsence.Beforebeingused,thecomputershouldbetested.,注意,在want,need,deserve,require等動詞及形容詞worth后，總是用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于“tobe+過去分詞”。,Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantscleaning.Thewaydeservesmentioning.這個方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully.TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading.,1.Thenewsthatourteamhadbeendefeatedwasdisappointed.2.LucydosentmindtolendyouherMP3.3.Aftertakehismeasure,theydecidedtogivehimtheposition.5.IstillremembertakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.,disappointing,lending,taking,being,Correctthemistakesineachsentence.,6.Iamnotusedtobespokentolikethat.7.Wewouldappreciatetohearfromyousoon.8.Peoplesometimescanthelptobuysomethingtheywontneed.9.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailsacrosstheriver.10.Tonywasveryunhappyforhavingnotbeeninvitedtotheparty.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,nothaving,選擇題：,1.Mywatchneeds_,butIhavenotimetogototowntohaveit_.torepair;repairedB.toberepaided;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.beingrepaired;repaired2.Youshouldapologizetoyoursisterfor_herthetruth.tellingB.nottellingC.tellingnotD.nottell3.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_itoff.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.havingturned,4.Hearingthebadnews,themothercouldnthelp_.tocryB.cryingC.cryD.