閱讀理解一PPT課件

.,1,中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(一)解題策略,左權(quán)二中張學(xué)轉(zhuǎn),.,2,閱讀理解,33.3,12.5,12.5,12.5,16.7,4.2,8.3,單選,完形,書(shū)面表達(dá),聽(tīng)力,詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用,對(duì)話,各類(lèi)題型在中考試卷中所占比例,.,3,.閱讀理解的題材和體裁,2.記敘文,1.應(yīng)用文,3.說(shuō)明文,幽默故事類(lèi),名人傳記類(lèi),圖表信息類(lèi),廣告宣傳類(lèi),動(dòng)植物世界類(lèi),文化采風(fēng)類(lèi),科學(xué)普及類(lèi),體育世界類(lèi),新聞報(bào)道類(lèi),文化教育類(lèi),勵(lì)志故事類(lèi),.,4,山西省進(jìn)5年所選文章的題材和體裁,.,5,.因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:,主旨大意題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,詞義猜測(cè)題,推理判斷題,.,6,2013中考,閱讀理解考點(diǎn)所占比例,70,5,15,10,細(xì)節(jié)理解,推斷理解,猜測(cè)詞義,主旨大意,.,7,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題這種題目比較簡(jiǎn)單，一般針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)提問(wèn)，屬表層信息理解試題。只要通讀全文，了解文中所述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以直接或間接找出答案依據(jù)。細(xì)節(jié)題的主要提問(wèn)方式如下：(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?(4)Fromthispassageweknow_.(5)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept_.(6)Theauthorstatesthat_.(7)Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/who/.?,.,8,2.邏輯推理判斷題這種題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，在對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時(shí)還要聯(lián)系作者的寫(xiě)作意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音，文外之意加以推理，才能獲得正確答案。推理判斷題的主要提問(wèn)方式如下：（1）Wecanguessthewriteofthelettermaybea_.（2）Wecaninferfromthepassage/articlethat_.（3）Fromthestory/passagewecanknow/guess_.（4）Whatwouldhappenif_?（5）Howdidthewriterfeel_?（6）Thewriterbelievesthat_.（7）Thewritersuggeststhat_.,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,.,9,此類(lèi)題目主要針對(duì)文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段），要求在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上歸納短文要點(diǎn)，概括中心思想。解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，如涉及文章的標(biāo)題、主題、結(jié)論、結(jié)局等，需細(xì)讀短文，抓住主要意思，并獲取文章中的隱含信息。主旨大意題常用提問(wèn)方式：（1）Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat_（2）Thetitleofthepassagecanbe_.（3）Thewritertriestotellus_.（4）Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_（5）Themainidea/pointofthispassageis_.（6）Whatisthispassageabout?（7）Whatsthebesttitleofthispassage?(8)Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis_.,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,3.歸納主旨大意題,.,10,閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,4.詞意猜測(cè)題考查內(nèi)容多為名詞、動(dòng)詞、詞組甚至句子。英語(yǔ)中很多單詞和詞組在不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有著不同的內(nèi)涵，掌握大量單詞和習(xí)語(yǔ)是重要的，但語(yǔ)言是活的東西，做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)盡可能通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)詞義，即利用所熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)和上下文已知的部分來(lái)進(jìn)行合理推理，有時(shí)還需要依據(jù)常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（1）Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.（2）Theunderlinedword“”inthepassagerefersto_.（3）Inthestorytheunderlinedword“”means_.（4）Here“”means_.（5）“”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?（6）Theexpression/phrase“”means_.（7）Theword“”iscloseinmeaningto_.,.,11,.閱讀理解解題步驟及技巧,一初讀文章注意首末段原則，首末句原則，了解文章論述的主要內(nèi)容以及作者的態(tài)度。二讀文章找依據(jù)初定答案（找出處、劃線);三看文章找細(xì)節(jié)推敲答案;四讀文章終定答案。這“四步法”綜合了略讀、跳讀、找讀和查讀等閱讀技巧。在第一遍閱讀時(shí)，可用略讀或跳讀的方式閱讀全文，不必注意細(xì)節(jié)或具體事實(shí)，只求對(duì)文章有一個(gè)總體印象，了解中心思想和作者的基本觀點(diǎn)，記住文中的信息方位。瀏覽題目后，再讀文章要帶著題目有的放矢地在文中圈圈劃劃、做標(biāo)記，查找解答題目的依據(jù)，避免毫無(wú)目的地通讀文章，許多局部性題目都可以通過(guò)原文中的一兩句話直接找到答案。第三、第四次閱讀主要是定奪答案。,注意：先看試題,然后帶著問(wèn)題再看文章.,.,12,記敘文閱讀主要抓四大要素，即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，以及人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，從中分析他們思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等。在記敘文的結(jié)尾部分常有表示作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、評(píng)價(jià)等議論，因此在閱讀時(shí)必須正確把握文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進(jìn)行邏輯推理得出結(jié)論。,說(shuō)明文是對(duì)客觀事物和現(xiàn)象的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等做科學(xué)的說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)栽陂喿x時(shí)要尊重科學(xué)尊重文章本意，不能擅自做主，憑空想象。,應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書(shū)、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格、地址、網(wǎng)址等，對(duì)這類(lèi)文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。,不同文體閱讀注意事項(xiàng)：,.,13,1.略讀粗略地閱讀語(yǔ)言材料的面式讀法。通過(guò)略讀獲取閱讀材料的主要內(nèi)容和大意。快速閱讀時(shí)，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生略讀文章標(biāo)題判斷預(yù)測(cè)主要內(nèi)容。略讀首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。,2.跳讀帶著明確目的尋找特定信息，忽略無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容的點(diǎn)式閱讀。跳讀適用于細(xì)節(jié)檢索式問(wèn)題。,3.找讀根據(jù)所讀的題目信息中關(guān)鍵的詞語(yǔ)，比如人名、地名、組織名稱(chēng)、特殊詞語(yǔ)等，進(jìn)行查找。,閱讀基本技能,(五個(gè)W,who,what,when,where,why),.,14,(A)Wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein?Whynottakepartin“Clean&GreenWeekend”?Joinus,andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.,ParkLifeDoyoulikehangingoutintheparkwithyourfriends?Ifso,whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo?Toaddsomefun,thereisagiftforthepersonwhocollectsthemostrubbish!MeetusatthesouthentrancetoTaoheParkat9amnextSaturdayifyouwanttojoinin.,TheAirYouBreatheAgreatwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees!Itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter(過(guò)濾)alotofpollutantsfromtheair.SocomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinFenheParkat2pmnextSunday.,WaronGraffiti(涂鴉)Somepeoplethinkgraffitiiscool.Well,itisnot!Thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible.Andthatisexactlywhatwearegoingtodo.Wearerepaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1pmonSaturday.Youdonthavetobringanytools,justremembertowearsomeoldclothes!,46,47,48,49,50,.2013年閱讀理解試題解析,.,15,46.Themainpurposeof“Clean&GreenWeekend”isto_.A.makeourcitymorebeautifulB.offerthechancetohavefunC.helpstudentsmeetoldfriends47.Thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet_.A.at1pmonSaturdayB.at2pmnextSundayC.at9amnextSaturday48.Ifweregoingtorepainttheschoolwalls,weneedto_.A.drawpictureswellB.wearsomeoldclothesC.bringsometoolswithus49.Accordingtothepassage,weknow_.A.graffiticanmakethebuildingslookcoolB.thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcangetagiftC.wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironment50.Wemightreadtheabovepassage_.A.inafashionmagazineB.onaschoolnoticeboardC.inanewspaperadvertisement,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,邏輯推理題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,A,C,B,C,B,.,16,(B)1.Donaldwasnotverygoodatmath.Hecouldntunderstandtheteachersexplanations.Evenwhentheteacherexplainedsomethingasecondtime,Donaldstillcouldntunderstandit.2.“Nevermind.”Donaldtoldhimself,“Imquitegoodatothersubjects.Illcheatinthemathexamtogetagoodgrade,thenIwontbeintrouble.3.“Illsitnexttotheboywhodoesbestinmath,”hethought,“andcopydownhisanswers.”4.Thedayoftheexamcame,andDonaldsatnexttoTommy,whowasalwaysatthetopoftheclassinmath.DonaldcarefullycopiedTommysanswersontohisownexampaper.Attheendtheexam,theteachercollectedthepapersandgradedthemintime.5.Thenshesaid,”Well,boysandgirls,Ivedecidedtogiveaprizetothestudentwhogotthehighestgrade.ItsdifficultformetodecidewhoIllgivetheprizeto,however,becausetwostudents,DonaldandTommy,gotthesamegrade.”6.“Letthemshareit,”oneoftheotherstudentssaid.7.“Ivethoughtaboutthat,”theteachersaid,“butIvedecidedtogivetheprizetooneofthem.”8.Thestudentsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthis.Theysaid,“Thatsnotfair.Theygotthesamegrade.”9.“Thatstrue.”Theteachersaid,“However,TommysanswertoQuestion18wasIdontknowwhileDonaldswasNeitherdoI.”,51,52,53,54,.,17,51.Donaldwantedtocheatbecause_.A.hedidntdowellinanysubjectsB.histeacherdidntexplainthingswellC.hewantedtogetagoodgradeinmath52.Donald_duringtheexam.A.satbehindTommyB.copiedfromTommyC.askedtheteacherforhelp53.Thestudentsweresurprisedbecause_.A.theythoughttheteacherunfairB.DonalddidaswellasTommyC.theteacherwouldgivethemaprize54.Theteacherdecidedtogivetheprizeto_.A.TommyB.DonaldC.bothTommyandDonald55.Wecaninfer(推斷)_.A.DonaldmaystudyhardatmathB.theteachermaycriticizeDonaldC.Tommymaysharetheprizewithotherstudents,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,邏輯推理題,邏輯推理題,A,C,B,A,B,.,18,(C)1.Youhavewaited45minutesforthevaluable10minutesbreak.Butwhenthebellforthenextclassrings,youcantbelievehowquicklytimehaspassed.Ifyouhavethisexperience,youllknowhowtimeflieswhenyouarehavingfunanddragswhenyouarebored.Nowscientistshavecomeupwithareasonwhythishappens.2.Theyhavefoundthatthebrainchangesitswaytoworkaccordingtohowwedirectourattentiontoatask.Whenwearebored,wepayattentiontohowtimeispassing.Andthismakesourbrainsthinktheclockistickingmoreslowly,3.Recentlysomeresearcherswhowanttounderstandtheconditionscarriedoutanexperiment.Intheexperiment,twelvevolunteerswatchedapicturewhileresearchersmonitored(關(guān)注)theirbrainactivity.4.Thevolunteersweretoldtofirstnoticehowlongapictureappeared,thenthecolorofthepicture,andthirdly,studytheboth.Theresultsshowedthatthebrainwasmoreactivewhenthevolunteerspaidattentiontomoresubjects.5.Itisthoughtthatifthebrainisbusynoticingmanyaspects(方面)ofatask,ithastospreaditsresources,andpayslessattentiontotheclock.Therefore,timeseemstogoquickly.Ifthebrainisnotsoactive,itspendsitsfullenergyonthepassingoftime.Asaresult,timeseemstomoveslowly.6.Nexttimeyoufeelboredinclass,perhapsyoushouldconcentrateonwhattheteacherissaying.,56,57,58,59,.,19,56.Whatdoestheunderlineword“drags”probablymean?A.PassesslowlyB.Runsquickly.C.Movesactively.57.Whathavethescientistsfound?A.Timegoesbyfastwhenwehavenothingtodo.B.ThetenminutesbreakimportanttostudentsC.Thebrainworksindifferentwaysindifferentsituations.58.Howdidtheresearchersdotheexperimen