初中英語句子成分講解簡(jiǎn)單明了附練習(xí)答案(精品)

初中英語句子成分一. 句子的成分：句子的成分是指組成句子的各個(gè)部分，即：主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。主要成分：主語 和 謂語句子的成分次要成分：表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語 等(一) 主語：主語是一個(gè)句子的主要成分，也是句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，Subject 表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等充當(dāng)。注意：在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。例如：Tom is a good boy. (名詞) We often speak English in class. (代詞) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (數(shù)詞) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (動(dòng)名詞) The rich should help the poor. (名詞化形容詞) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主語從句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式)（二）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。說明主語“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么樣”，一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來充當(dāng)，一般放在主語之后。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1. 簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。例如：I like apples. ( 動(dòng)詞 )He practices running every morning. （動(dòng)詞短語）2. 復(fù)合謂語：（1）由（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）構(gòu)成；例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系動(dòng)詞+表語）構(gòu)成。 We are having a quick breakfast.（三） 表語：表語用于說明主語的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)等，說明主語“是什么”Predicative 或“怎么樣”。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句充當(dāng)。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表語須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語，即成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名詞) Is it yours? (代詞) The weather has turned cold. （形容詞） The speech is exciting. （現(xiàn)在分詞） The door is closed. （過去分詞） Three times seven is twenty one. （數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） Time is up. The class is over. (副詞) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表語從句）（四） 賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面,和及物Object 動(dòng)詞一起說明主語“做什么”，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式和賓語從句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名詞） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （動(dòng)名詞） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （賓語從句）賓語種類： 雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 間賓 直賓 直賓 間賓 有的動(dòng)詞后面可接雙賓語，包括常用來指人的間接賓語和常用來指物的直接賓語 可帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等?！捌?給” 一 “帶” to不少, “ 買 ” 畫 “ 制作” for來了。帶雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前,必須在變換時(shí)加“to”或“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括如下：1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring) 8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等2、“buy” (買) ；“draw” (畫) ；“make” (制作) 三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如：Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。3、當(dāng)直接賓語是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語for和to于直接賓語之后如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西Give it to me。把它給我4、有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語、間接賓語或雙賓語，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay.I asked John. 我問約翰I asked a question. 我問了一個(gè)問題I asked John a question.我問了約翰一個(gè)問題復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語），例如：They elected him their monitor. 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語（五）賓語補(bǔ)足語：用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞、Object Complement形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。并與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語的句子成分，叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語。英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make, let, see, find, name等）或介詞（如with）+ 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名詞) They painted their boat white. (形容詞) Let the fresh air in. （副詞） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （現(xiàn)在分詞） He found the door locked. （過去分詞） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介詞短語） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (從句)（六） 定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由名詞、形容詞、Attributive 代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞等來充當(dāng)。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容詞） China is a developing country. （現(xiàn)在分詞） America is a developed country. （過去分詞） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名詞） His maths is very good. （形容詞性物主代詞） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介詞短語）（七）狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、Adverbial 地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組或短語等來充當(dāng)。如： Light travels most quickly. (副詞性詞組) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語) Wait a minute. （名詞） Once you begin, you must continue. （狀語從句） 狀語種類：時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、方式狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語、比較狀語等。如： How about meeting again at six? （時(shí)間狀語） Last night he didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesnt rain. （條件狀語從句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地點(diǎn)狀語） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式狀語） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴隨狀語） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的狀語） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （結(jié)果狀語從句） She works very hard though she is old. （讓步狀語從句） I am taller than he is. （比較狀語從句）八、獨(dú)立成分：與全句沒有語法關(guān)系的句子成分叫做句子的獨(dú)立成分感嘆詞：oh, hello, aha, ah,等?？隙ㄔ~:yes否定詞:no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。如: The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒結(jié)束.句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 )1. 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2. 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分）（ ） I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall（ ） The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer（ ） Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus（ ） There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon（ ） Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast（ ） Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework（ ） What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is（ ） We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor（ ） He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music（ ） Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book3. 找出下列句中的表語（5分） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.5. 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?6. 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?7. 找出下列句中的定語（6分） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 8. 找出下列句中的狀語（8分） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 )答案1. teacher man dictionary To do2. B A C A C C D C A A 3. tired. worried yellow. interested the first4. homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. whoFather Christmasreally is.5. us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語6. to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football 7. family giventhird some downstairs of the other shoe!8. on her face. Every night when he was eleven. too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（1）1.They are working on the farm now.2.Seeing is believing3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4.She became a doctor in 19985.The book lying on the floor are mine6.Suddenly it begins to rain7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday8.I always find her happy9.He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didnt come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesnt mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.答案：1They(主語） are working（系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語） on the farm（地點(diǎn)狀語） now（時(shí)間狀語）. 2.Seeing（動(dòng)詞ing做主語）is（謂語） believing （賓語）3.All of us（主語） like （謂語）Kobe Bryant （賓語）very much （程度副詞狀語）4.She（主語） became（謂語） a doctor （賓語）in 1998 （時(shí)間狀語）5.The book（主語） lying on the floor（補(bǔ)語） are（謂語） mine （賓語）6.Suddenly （狀語）it（形式主語） began to rain （謂語）7.To catch the train ,（目的狀語）I（主語） got up （謂語）early yesterday （時(shí)間狀語）8.I（主語） always find（謂語） her （賓語）happy （狀語）9.He （主語）wonders （謂語）if I （條件句中的主語）still study（條件句中的謂語） English （條件句中的賓語）整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語10.The letter（主語） which I received the day before yesterday（定語從句） was（謂語） a friend of mine （賓語） 1.We always work hard at English。 主語 狀語 謂語 狀語 狀語2. He said he didnt come. 主句主語 主句謂語 從句主語 從句謂語3.They love each other. 主 謂語 賓語4.What did you bye? 賓 助動(dòng)詞 主 謂5.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主 謂 賓 賓語補(bǔ)足語6.your job today is to help the old. - 主 定語 系動(dòng)詞 表語7.Speaking doesnt mean doing. 主 謂 賓8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 時(shí)間狀語從句 主句主語 主句謂語9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語 狀語their marriage.10.It takes me an hour to get there. 形式主語 謂語 賓語 真正主語（一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞劃分句子成分練習(xí)題(2) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語My brotherhasntdonehis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsdidyoulearnlast class? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D Theold mansittingat the gatesaidhe was ill. A B C DTheymadehimmonitorof the class.A B C D Goacrossthebridgeand youwill findthe museumon the left. A B C D You will finditusefulafteryouleaveschool. A B C DTheydidnt knowwhoFatherChristmas really is.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old manwasfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedaboutJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheyallbecame interestedin the subject. A B C D Shewasthe firstto learnabout it. A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的定語 TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname? A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1