光纖通信技術(shù)外文翻譯中英對照.doc

Optical Fiber Communication TechnologyOptical fiber communication is the use of optical fiber transmission signals, the transmission of information in order to achieve a means of communication. 光導(dǎo)纖維通信簡稱光纖通信。 Referred to as optical fiber communication optical fiber communications. 可以把光纖通信看成是以光導(dǎo)纖維為傳輸媒介的“有線”光通信。 Can be based on optical fiber communication optical fiber as transmission medium for the wired optical communication. 光纖由內(nèi)芯和包層組成,內(nèi)芯一般為幾十微米或幾微米,比一根頭發(fā)絲還細(xì);外面層稱為包層,包層的作用就是保護(hù)光纖。 Fiber from the core and cladding of the inner core is generally a few microns or tens of microns, than a human hair; outside layer called the cladding, the role of cladding is to protect the fiber. 實(shí)際上光纖通信系統(tǒng)使用的不是單根的光纖,而是許多光纖聚集在一起的組成的光纜。 In fact the use of optical fiber communication system is not a single fiber, but that brings together a number of fiber-optic cable componentsOptical fiber communication is the use of light for the carrier with fiber optics as a transmission medium to spread information from one another means of communication. 1966年英籍華人高錕博士發(fā)表了一篇劃時代性的論文,他提出利用帶有包層材料的石英玻璃光學(xué)纖維,能作為通信媒質(zhì)。 1966, Dr. Gao Kun Chinese British published an epoch-making nature of the papers, he proposed the use of cladding material with a quartz glass optical fibers, as a communications medium. 從此,開創(chuàng)了光纖通信領(lǐng)域的研究工作。 Since then, opened up the field of optical communications research. 1977年美國在芝加哥相距7000米的兩電話局之間,首次用多模光纖成功地進(jìn)行了光纖通信試驗(yàn)。 The United States in 1977 in Chicago, 7000 meters away from the telephone exchange between the two, the first multi-mode fiber with the successful conduct of the test optical fiber communication. 85微米波段的為第一代光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 85-micron-band multi-mode fiber for the first generation of fiber-optic communication systems. 1981年又實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩電話局間使用1.3微米多模光纖的通信系統(tǒng),為第二代光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 Also in 1981 a telephone exchange between the two using 1.3-micron multimode fiber communication system, for the second-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 1984年實(shí)現(xiàn)了1.3微米單模光纖的通信系統(tǒng),即第三代光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 In 1984 achieved a 1.3-micron single-mode optical fiber communication system, that is, the third generation optical fiber communication systems. 80年代中后期又實(shí)現(xiàn)了1.55微米單模光纖通信系統(tǒng),即第四代光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 In the late 80s and the realization of the 1.55-micron single-mode optical fiber communication system, that is, fourth-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 用光波分復(fù)用提高速率,用光波放大增長傳輸距離的系統(tǒng),為第五代光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 Light wavelength division multiplexing to increase rates, with growth in light transmission distance to enlarge the system, for the fifth-generation fiber-optic communication systems. 新系統(tǒng)中,相干光纖通信系統(tǒng),已達(dá)現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn)水平,將得到應(yīng)用。 New system, coherent optical fiber communication systems, has reached the level of field experiments will be applied. 光孤子通信系統(tǒng)可以獲得極高的速率,20世紀(jì)末或21世紀(jì)初可能達(dá)到實(shí)用化。 Optical soliton communication systems can be extremely high rate, end of the 20th century or the beginning of the 21st century likely to be practical. 在該系統(tǒng)中加上有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)極高速率和極長距離的光纖通信。 In this system together with the fiber amplifier is likely to achieve very high rates and very long-distance optical fiber communicationsOn optical fiber communication technology itself, they should include the following main parts: optical fiber and cable technologies, transmission technology, optical active devices, optical passive device and optical network technology.Optical fiber and cable technologiesFiber-optic technology can be seen from two aspects to illustrate: First, communication systems used in optical fiber; Second, the special fiber. 早期光纖的傳輸窗口只有3個,即850nm第一窗口、1310nm第二窗口以及1550nm第三窗口。 Early optical transmission window of only three, namely 850nm first window, 1310nm second window and 1550nm third window. 近幾年相繼開發(fā)出第四窗口L波段、第五窗口全波光纖以及S波段窗口。 Have been developed in recent years, the fourth window L band, the fifth window full-wave fiber-optic, and S-band window. 其中特別重要的是無水峰的全波窗口。 Of particular importance was the absolute peak of the full-wave window. 這些窗口開發(fā)成功的巨大意義就在于從1280nm到1625nm的廣闊的光頻范圍內(nèi),都能實(shí)現(xiàn)低損耗、低色散傳輸,使傳輸容量幾百倍、幾千倍甚至上萬倍的增長。 Successful development of these windows is of great significance 1280nm to 1625nm from a broad range of the optical frequency, can achieve low loss, low dispersion transmission, transmission capacity to make hundreds of times, thousands or even tens of thousands of times times the growth. 這一技術(shù)成果將帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 The outcome of this technology will bring huge economic benefits. 另一方面是特種光纖的開發(fā)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化,這是一個相當(dāng)活躍的領(lǐng)域。 On the other hand is the development of specialty optical fiber and industrialization, this is a very active area.Special fiber-optic concrete are as follows:Active optical fiberMainly refers to this type of fiber mixed rare-earth ions in optical fiber. 如摻鉺Er3+、摻釹Nb3+、摻鐠Pr3+、摻鐿Yb3+、摻銩Tm3+等,以此構(gòu)成激光活性物質(zhì)。 Such as erbium-doped Er3 +, neodymium-doped Nb3 +, doped praseodymium Pr3 +, Yb Yb3 +, thulium-doped Tm3 + and so on, to constitute a laser active material. 這是制造光纖光放大器的核心物質(zhì)。 This is the core of optical amplifier fiber-optic material. 不同摻雜的光纖放大器應(yīng)用于不同的工作波段,如摻餌光纖放大器EDFA應(yīng)用于1550nm附近C、L波段;摻鐠光纖放大器PDFA主要應(yīng)用于1310nm波段;摻銩光纖放大器TDFA主要應(yīng)用于S波段等。 Different doped fiber amplifier used in the work of different bands, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA used in 1550nm near the C, L-band; praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier PDFA is mainly used in 1310nm band; thulium-doped fiber amplifier TDFA, etc. are mainly used in S-band. 這些摻雜光纖放大器與喇曼Raman光纖放大器一起給光纖通信技術(shù)帶來了革命性的變化。 These doped fiber amplifier and Raman Raman for fiber amplifiers with optical fiber communication technology has brought revolutionary changes. 它的顯著作用是:直接放大光信號,延長傳輸距離;在光纖通信網(wǎng)和有線電視網(wǎng)CATV網(wǎng)中作分配損耗補(bǔ)償;此外,在波分復(fù)用WDM系統(tǒng)中及光孤子通信系統(tǒng)中是不可缺少的關(guān)鍵元器件。 Significant role it is: a direct optical signal amplification to extend the transmission distance; in optical fiber communication network and cable television CATV network in compensation for the distribution of wear and tear; In addition, wavelength division multiplexing WDM systems and optical soliton communication system is an indispensable key components. 正因?yàn)橛辛斯饫w放大器,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)無中繼器的百萬公里的光孤子傳輸。 Is because fiber amplifier, repeater can be achieved without the one million kilometers of optical soliton transmission. 也正是有了光纖放大器,不僅能使WDM傳輸?shù)木嚯x大幅度延長,而且也使得傳輸?shù)男阅茏罴鸦?It is also with the fiber amplifier, WDM transmission can not only significantly extend the distance, but also makes the best of the performance of transmission.DCF Dispersion Compesation Fiber, DCFConventional G.652 fiber in the 1550nm wavelength dispersion for near 17ps/nm km. 當(dāng)速率超過2.5Gb/s時,隨著傳輸距離的增加,會導(dǎo)致誤碼。 When the rate of more than 2.5Gb / s, along with the increase in transmission distance, would lead to error. 若在CATV系統(tǒng)中使用,會使信號失真。 If used in the CATV system will signal distortion. 其主要原因是正色散值的積累引起色散加劇,從而使傳輸特性變壞。 The main reason is the accumulation of value is caused by dispersion increased dispersion, so that deterioration of transmission characteristics. 為了克服這一問題,必須采用色散值為負(fù)的光纖,即將反色散光纖串接入系統(tǒng)中以抵消正色散值,從而控制整個系統(tǒng)的色散大小。 To overcome this problem, we must adopt a value of negative dispersion optical fiber, optical fiber dispersion is about anti-access systems in the series to offset the dispersion value is to control the size of the entire system of dispersion. 這里的反色散光纖就是所謂的色散補(bǔ)償光纖。 Here is the so-called anti-dispersion optical fiber for dispersion compensation. 在1550nm處,反色散光纖的色散值通常在-50200ps/nmkm。 At 1550nm, the anti-dispersion optical fiber dispersion values are usually in the -50 200ps/nm km. 為了得到如此高的負(fù)色散值,必須將其芯徑做得很小,相對折射率差做得很大,而這種作法往往又會導(dǎo)致光纖的衰耗增加0.51dB/km。 In order to obtain such a high negative dispersion values, it must be done very small core diameter and relative refractive index has done a lot worse, and this approach will often result in increased fiber attenuation 0.5 1dB/km. 色散補(bǔ)償光纖是利用基模波導(dǎo)色散來獲得高的負(fù)色散值,通常將其色散與衰減之比稱作質(zhì)量因數(shù),質(zhì)量因數(shù)當(dāng)然越大越好。 DCF is the fundamental mode waveguide dispersion using to achieve high dispersion of the negative value, usually to a ratio of dispersion and attenuation, known as quality factor, of course, the better the quality factor. 為了能在整個波段均勻補(bǔ)償常規(guī)單模光纖的色散,最近又開發(fā)出一種既補(bǔ)償色散又能補(bǔ)償色散斜率的雙補(bǔ)償光纖DDCF。 In order to compensate evenly throughout the band dispersion of conventional single-mode fiber and, more recently, it developed a well dispersion compensation dispersion slope compensation double compensation fiber DDCF. 該光纖的特點(diǎn)是色散斜率之比RDE與常規(guī)光纖相同,但符號相反,所以更適合在整個波形內(nèi)的均衡補(bǔ)償。 The fiber is characterized by the ratio of dispersion slope RDE and conventional optical fiber, but the opposite sign, so more suitable for the entire balance of the compensation waveform.FBG Fiber GratingOptical fiber grating is the use of photosensitive materials in the UV exposure often referred to as ultra-violet light, write under the Ministry of the fiber core of refractive index changes arising from the cyclical ie, grating and made. 使用的是摻鍺光纖,在相位掩膜板的掩蔽下,用紫外光照射在載氫氣氛中,使纖芯的折射率產(chǎn)生周期性的變化,然后經(jīng)退火處理后可長期保存。 Using a germanium-doped optical fiber, phase masks in the masking plate, the use of ultra-violet light in an atmosphere of hydrogen, which have a core of refractive index changes periodically, and then treated by annealing can be stored for a long time. 相位掩膜板實(shí)際上為一塊特殊設(shè)計(jì)的光柵,其正負(fù)一級衍射光相交形成干涉條紋,這樣就在纖芯逐漸產(chǎn)生成光柵。 Phase Mask in fact a specially designed grating, and its positive and negative light intersect to form a diffraction interference fringes, thus resulting in the core gradually into grating. 光柵周期模板周期的二分之一。 Grating period of one-half of the template cycle. 眾所周知,光柵本身是一種選頻器件,利用光纖光柵可以制作成許多重要的光無源器件及光有源器件。 As we all know, the election itself is a grating frequency devices, the use of fiber gratings can be made into a number of important optical passive device and the optical active devices. 例如:色散補(bǔ)償器、增益均衡器、光分插復(fù)用器、光濾波器、光波復(fù)用器、光?；蜣D(zhuǎn)換器、光脈沖壓縮器、光纖傳感器以及光纖激光器等。 For example: dispersion compensators, gain equalizers, optical add-drop multiplexer, optical filters, light multiplexer, optical module, or converters, optical pulse compressor, optical fiber sensors and fiber lasersMulti-core single-mode fiber Multi-Coremono-Mode Fiber, MCFMulti-core optical fiber is a common level of outsourcing, including how the root core, and each core has its own in the single-mode optical fiber cladding. 這種光纖的明顯優(yōu)勢是成本較低,生產(chǎn)成本較普通的光纖約低50%。 This fiber is the obvious advantage of lower costs, production costs, compared with an ordinary optical fiber about 50%. 此外,這種光纖可以提高成纜的集成密度,同時也可降低施工成本。 In addition, the fiber-optic cable to increase as the integration density, but also can reduce the construction cost. 以上是光纖技術(shù)在近幾年里所取得的主要成就。 These are the fiber-optic technology in recent years the main achievements. 至于光纜方面的成就,我們認(rèn)為主要表現(xiàn)在帶狀光纜的開發(fā)成功及批量化生產(chǎn)方面。 As for cables success, we believe that the main cable in the ribbon and the bulk of the development of a successful production. 這種光纜是光纖接入網(wǎng)及局域網(wǎng)中必備的一種光纜。 This cable is a fiber-optic access network and a LAN cable required. 目前光纜的含纖數(shù)量達(dá)千根以上,有力地保證了接入網(wǎng)的建設(shè)。 At present, the number of fiber optic fibers containing up to 1000 more effectively to ensure that the construction of the access network.Optical active devicesActive research and development of optical devices is one of the most active areas, but has been made in previous years due to the brilliant results, so todays activity space has already been greatly reduced. 超晶格結(jié)構(gòu)材料與量子阱器件,目前已完全成熟,而且可以大批量生產(chǎn),已完全商品化,如多量子阱激光器MQW-LD,MQW-DFBLD。 Superlattice quantum well materials and devices, is now fully mature, but also high-volume production, has been fully commercialized, such as multiple quantum well lasers MQW-LD, MQW-DFBLD.In addition, the current in the following aspects have been significant achievements have been made.Integrated DevicesHere mainly refers to integrated photovoltaic OEIC has begun the commercialization, such as distributed feedback laser DFB-LD and electro-absorption modulator EAMD integrated, that is, DFB-EA, has begun commercialization; other launching device integration, such as the DFB-LD, MQW-LD with the MESFET or HBT or HEMT integration; receiving device is an integrated PIN, metals, semiconductors, metal detectors with MESFET or HEMT or HBT preamplifier of the integrated circuit. 雖然這些集成都已獲得成功,但還沒有商品化。 Although these have been successfully integrated, but have not yet commercialized.Vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSELDue to ease of integration and high-density applications, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to extensive attention. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)的器件已在短波長ALGaAs/GaAs方面取得巨大的成功,并開始商品化;在長波長InGaAsF/InP方面的研制工作早已開始進(jìn)行,目前也有少量商品。 The structure of the device has been in short wavelength ALGaAs / GaAs achieved great success, and began commercialization; in the long-wavelength InGaAsF / InP aspects of the development work has started, is also a small amount of goods. 可以斷言,垂直腔面發(fā)射激光器將在接入網(wǎng)、局域網(wǎng)中發(fā)揮重大作用。 Can assert that vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in the access network, local area network to play a major role.Narrowband tunable integrated response to photon detectorsDWDM optical network systems because of channel spacing is getting smaller and smaller, even up to 0.1nm. 為此,探測器的響應(yīng)譜半寬也應(yīng)基本上達(dá)到這個要求。 To this end, the detector half-width of the response spectrum should basically meet this requirement. 恰好窄帶探測器有陡銳的響應(yīng)譜特性,能夠滿足這一要求。 On the narrow-band detectors have a sharp and steep spectral response characteristics, to meet this requirement. 集FP腔濾波器和光吸收有源層于一體的共振腔增強(qiáng)RCE型探測器能提供一個重要的全面解決方案。 Set FP cavity filter and optical absorption of the active layer in one cavity enhanced RCE detector can provide an important comprehensive solution.Heterogeneous materials based on silicon-based multi-quantum-well devices and integration SiGe / Si MQWThis research is a major hot spot. 眾所周知,硅Si、鍺Ge是簡接帶源材料,發(fā)光效率很低,不適合作光電子器件,但是Si材料的半導(dǎo)體工藝非常成熟。 As is well known, silicon Si, germanium Ge are indirect with the source material, light-emitting efficiency is low, is not suitable for optoelectronic devices, but the Si semiconductor material is very mature technology. 于是人們設(shè)想,利用能帶剪裁工程使物質(zhì)改性,以達(dá)到在硅基基礎(chǔ)上制作光電子器件及其集成主要是實(shí)現(xiàn)光電集成,即OEIC的目的,這方面已取得巨大成就。 So It is envisaged that the use of energy band tailoring the project to make the material modified in order to achieve the basis of the silicon-based optoelectronic devices and integrated production mainly the realization of optoelectronic integration, that is, OEIC The purpose of this area has achieved a great success. 在理論上有眾多的創(chuàng)新,在技術(shù)上有重大的突破,器件水平日趨完善。 In theory a large number of innovations, a major technical breakthrough, the level of the device even better.Optical passive deviceOptical passive device and optical active devices is also indispensable. 由于光纖接入網(wǎng)及全光網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致光無源器件的發(fā)展空前地?zé)衢T。 As the fiber-optic access network and the development of all-optical networks, resulting in the development of optical passive device in an unprecedented way hot. 常規(guī)的常用器件已達(dá)到一定的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模,品種和性能也得到了極大的擴(kuò)展和改善。 Conventional devices commonly used in industry have reached a certain size, variety and performance has been greatly extended and improved. 所謂光無源器件就是指光能量消耗型器件、其種類繁多、功能各異,在光通信系統(tǒng)及光網(wǎng)絡(luò)中主要的作用是: 連接光波導(dǎo)或光路; 控制光的傳播方向;控制光功率的分配; 控制光波導(dǎo)之間、器件之間和光波導(dǎo)與器件之間的光耦合; 合波與分波; 光信道的上下與交叉連接等。 Optical passive device refers to the so-called energy-based optical devices, and its wide variety of different functions in optical communication systems and optical networks is a major role: connecting optical waveguide or optical path; control of light propagation direction; control of optical power distribution; control between the optical waveguide device and optical waveguide and between the light coupling between devices; combined wave and wave; light of the whole channel cross-connect, etc早期的幾種光無源器件已商品化。 Several have been the early commercialization of optical passive device. 其中光纖活動連接器無論在品種和產(chǎn)量方面都已有相當(dāng)大的規(guī)模,不僅滿足國內(nèi)需要,而且有少量出口。 Activities in which fiber-optic connector production in terms of both variety and has a rather large scale, not only to meet domestic demand and exports a small amount. 光分路器功分器、光衰減器和光隔離器已有小批量生產(chǎn)。 Optical splitter power divider, optical attenuator and optical isolator has been small batch production. 隨著光纖通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展,相繼又出現(xiàn)了許多光無源器件,如環(huán)行器、色散補(bǔ)償器、增益平衡器、光的上下復(fù)用器、光交叉連接器、陣列波導(dǎo)光柵CAWG等等。 With the optical fiber communication technology, there have been a number of optical passive device, such as the circulator, dispersion compensators, gain equalizers, the upper and lower optical multiplexers, optical cross-connector, and so on arrayed waveguide grating CAWG這些都還處于研發(fā)階段或試生產(chǎn)階段,有的也能提供少量商品。 These are still in the rese