英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)指要.doc

賓語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來(lái)充作賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。如：He asked what you were doing last night. 他問(wèn)你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來(lái)不知道他在那事故中受了傷。Can you explain why he didnt come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)參加聚會(huì)嗎？在賓語(yǔ)從句中須注意：1. that 在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能?。徊⑶宜话悴荒芤龑?dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來(lái)幫助你。2. 賓語(yǔ)從句之后帶有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分時(shí)，一般須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句放到句末，此時(shí)的that不能省。如：The boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys. 那個(gè)男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。3. 動(dòng)詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我們?cè)诰劈c(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那兒。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。即：1)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說(shuō)他是我們的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時(shí)，他會(huì)說(shuō)我們做了一件好事。2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用響應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He didnt tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒(méi)有告訴我們他來(lái)自上海。He said he had read the book. 他說(shuō)他讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，而不受時(shí)間的限制時(shí)，即使主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說(shuō)一切帝國(guó)主義者都是紙老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候，人們就告訴我們說(shuō)中國(guó)在世界的東方。賓語(yǔ)從句用法詳解一、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)：1. that引導(dǎo)We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持要我戒煙。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建議我們第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 從他的信里我們了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內(nèi)付款。2. whether / if 引導(dǎo)I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時(shí)到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能勸他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我問(wèn)她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他問(wèn)她父母是否講西班牙語(yǔ)。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她沒(méi)說(shuō)他是否還活著。3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指誰(shuí)。Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個(gè)。IIl do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你愛(ài)拿哪個(gè)就拿哪個(gè)吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來(lái)挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪個(gè)座就坐哪個(gè)座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它愛(ài)給誰(shuí)就給誰(shuí)。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在說(shuō)什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天這時(shí)候我們就會(huì)知道誰(shuí)當(dāng)選了。4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)He asked why he had to go alone. 他問(wèn)他為什么必須一個(gè)人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我問(wèn)他情況怎樣。He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那條溝有多寬嗎?Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)放他出來(lái)。We didnt know why he had answered in that fashion. 我們不明白他為什么這樣回答。that與whether (if)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句(if 通常不行)，但兩者含義不同，whether (if) 表示“是否”，that 卻不表示任何含義。在它們所引出的從句中，that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether (if) 則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。比較：Whether hell come is not known yet. 他是否來(lái)還不清楚。That hell come is known to us all. 我們都知道他會(huì)來(lái)。類似地，動(dòng)詞doubt (懷疑)后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，由于 doubt的含義不確定，故通常用 whether (if) 來(lái)引導(dǎo)其賓語(yǔ)從句，但若 doubt為否定式，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用 that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：I doubt if you are honest. 我懷疑你是否誠(chéng)實(shí)。I dont doubt that you are honest. 我不懷疑你是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。that, why 與 because 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然三者均可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但 that 沒(méi)有詞義，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，雖然 why和 because 都可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。如：The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。The fa