初中英語時態(tài)講解及練習(含答案).docx

時態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時l 形式：do does（單數(shù)第三人稱）l 意義：一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀的、普遍性的真理以及經(jīng)常性的事件。l 用法： A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。 B) 經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作。e.g.：He always helps others. （他總是幫助別人。） He often goes to the gym.C) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態(tài)一致。 e.g.: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Knowledge is power.l 這一用法場合一些表動作頻率的時間副詞連用： 1). 表示肯定的頻率副詞：always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally, often etc. 2). 表示否定的頻率副詞：never, seldom, rarely etc. 這些副詞的位置：在Be動詞后，實義動詞前。 e.g. He is always late.2. 一般過去時l 形式：didl 意義：一般過去時表示在過去的某一特定時間發(fā)生和結(jié)束的活動或情況。l 用法: A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。 e.g.: I saw him in the library yesterday morning. （有特定的時間狀語） yesterday, yesterday evening, last night/month/spring/year, the night before last（前天晚上），three days/months/years ago, in 1999 etc.。 這些時間狀語之前不用加介詞。 B) 表示過去習慣性動作，一直持續(xù)或反復發(fā)生的動作，此時可與表示拼讀的時間副詞連用。 e.g.: I slept for eight hours last night. （表示在過去某一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動作，但這動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束了）3. 一般將來時l 形式：will/shall do或be going to dol 意義：一般將來時表示在未來的某個時間將要發(fā)生的某個動作或狀態(tài)。l 學明白一般將來時要理解的一下三個至關重要的概念： 1) 預測，表示說話人認為將來會發(fā)生某件事。 2) 事先計劃：說話人在頭腦里已經(jīng)做出決定將來要做某件事。 3) 意愿：說話人既不是預計某事會發(fā)生，也不是預先經(jīng)過考慮決定將做某事，而是在說話的時刻立即做出決斷表明他將做某事。l 用法： A) 用來預測，表示預測，或說估計將來要發(fā)生某事，可用 will 或be going to。 e.g.: According to the weather report, it will be windy tomorrow. B) 表示“打算去.，要.”時，可用be going to do。 e.g.: This is just what I am going to say. C) 表示“將要、正要”時，可用be about to do。 強調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。 e.g. Do not worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （別擔心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細的檢查。） D) be to do的5種用法： a) 表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。） b) 該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。 e.g.：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。） c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近can, may）例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？） d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。 e.g.：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.A. will be attended B. will be attended toC. is attended D. is attended towill be attended to關鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。 e) 用于條件從句“如果想，設想”（接近if want to,或if should） e.g.：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.A is to be B can be C will be D has been答案是A. is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！?表預測時，我們可以用will 或be going to。但兩者還存在以下兩點區(qū)別： 1) 用be going to 特別是意指根據(jù)目前的明顯跡象來推斷某件事將要發(fā)生。 will則只是表明說話人認為或相信某件事將要發(fā)生。 2) be going to 通常用來表示說話人與其所說的時間馬上或在相當近的將來就要發(fā)生。而will所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間可近可遠。 a. Look at those black clouds! Its going to rain. b. I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. c. John is going to fall into that hole! d. Oh, my dear! Theyre going to bump against that tree! e. You look very pale. I am sure you are going to get sick. 一般時態(tài)練習一、用動詞的適當形式填空1.Vegetarians(素食者) (not, eat)meat.2.An atheist(無神論者) (not, believe)in God.3.Constant dripping(滴水) (wear)away a stone.4.John (always, not, go)to school late. That is to say, he (sometimes, attend)school late. He (be, generally)a good student. He (be, always)ready to help others. 5.If it (rain)tomorrow, well have to put off our sports meet. 6.Look!Here (come)your boyfriend! 7.Mozart (write)more than 600 pieces of music. 8.I (be)very tired last night, so I (go)to bed early. 9. you (go)anywhere on Labor Day? 10.When I was young, I (want)to be a bus driver.答案：1.dont eat2.doesnt believe3.wears4.doesnt always go, sometimes attends, is generally, is es7.wrote8.was,went9.Did,go10.wanted4. 現(xiàn)在進行時l 形式：be doing: am/is/are +doing.(是助動詞，沒有“是”的意思).l 意義：強調(diào)在現(xiàn)在這個時間點，某項活動正在發(fā)生。l 用法： A) 表示說話此刻正在進行。 e.g.: What program are you watching? I am studying English. B) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)的動作。這是進行時態(tài)表示的是一個一般性的活動，在說話時刻這個動作并不一定正在發(fā)生。 e.g.: These days I am translating a book. C) 表示最近的將來一定的安排。通常含有“計劃”、“安排做”之意。 e.g.: I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. D) 現(xiàn)在進行時常與always, forever, continually, constantly等連用，往往表示抱怨、厭煩、不合理或使人不愉快的事。 e.g.: Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back. Jack常常借錢忘還。 How come Joe is always groaning about things? Joe為什么總是在抱怨？5. 過去進行時l 形式：be doing: was/were doingl 意義：強調(diào)在過去這個時間點，某項活動正在發(fā)生。l 用法： A) 用來描述一個過去特定的時刻正在發(fā)生的事情。 e.g.: I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.（特定時刻） B) 過去進行時還常常和一般過去時配合使用。 此時，過去進行時通常表示一個歷史較長的體現(xiàn)“背景”的動作或狀態(tài)；而一般過去時則表示此“背景”下發(fā)生的，短暫的動作或狀態(tài)。過去進行時動作先發(fā)生，一般過去時動作后發(fā)生。 e.g. I was telephoning Harry when she arrived.(在五打電話過程中，她到了。先telephone，后arrive) I telephoned Harry when she arrived.(她回來之后，我才打電話。先arrive,后telephone)6. 將來進行時l 形式： will be doingl 意義：強調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。l 用法： A) 表示在將來某一特定時刻正在進行的活動。 e.g.: Ill be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. Wait until seven oclock so that they wont still be eating.進行時態(tài)練習一、用適當時態(tài)填空1. How fast you (drive)when the accident happened?2. I (walk) along the street when suddenly I (hear)footsteps behind me. Somebody (follow) me. I was frightened and I started to run.3. Why you (stare)at me like that?4. anybody (watch)TV or I (turn)it off?5. I (want)to lose weight. So this month I (not, eat)lunch. I am only eating fruits.6. Clint phoned me last night. He is on holiday in Qindao. He (have)a good time and (want)to come back until the end of this month.7. You (always, watch)TV. You should do something more active.二、用適當時態(tài)填空1. The television was on but nobody (watch) it.2. I (see)you in the park yesterday afternoon. You (sit)on the grass and (talk) with some people.3. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.4. The water (boil). Can you turn it off?5. Water (boil)at 100 degrees Celsius.6. After three days of rain, Im glad that the sun (shine)again today.7. Every morning the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake)me up.8. I (ride)home yesterday when suddenly an old lady (walk)out into the road in front of me. I (go)quite fast but luckily I was able to stop in time and (not, hit)her.9. Look! There (go)our bus; well have to wait for the next one.10. It (rain)hard, but no one stopped working. 單選選擇1. Ill go with you as soon as I my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. have finished2. He at 8 oclock every morning. A. is going to work B. went to work C. goes to work D. will go to work3. When I see Jean in the street, she always at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles4. Look, here the famous player. A. comes B. came C. has come D. come5. The year four seasons. A. has been divided into B. is divided into C. has divided in D. was divided into6. Nobody likes her because she to carry favor with the boss. A. has always tried B. does always try C. always tries D. is always trying答案：一、1. were，driving2. was walking, heard. was following3. are staring4. Is, watching , ll turn5. want, am not eating6. is having, doesnt want.7. are always watching.二、1. was watching 2. saw, were sitting, talking3. is waiting4. is boiling5. boils6. is shining7. shines, wakes8. was riding, walked ,was going, didnt hit9. goes10. was raining三、1. B2. C3. D4. A5. B6. D7. 現(xiàn)在完成時l 形式：have/has donel 意義：開始于過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。 (黑點表示現(xiàn)在和過去兩個時間點；時間骰表示動作在延續(xù)；徐建投表示動作可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去）l 用法： A)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)： 特點：1) 謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞 2) 動作發(fā)生的時間是過去，但這一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。 3) 與這種用法的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用的時間狀語通常是表示“一段時間”的時間狀語，已說明某個動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。 與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)搭配的時間狀語： 1. since+時間點 e.g.: Ive worked in this company since 1980. 2. for+時間段 e.g.: Ive worked in this company for 3years. Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years. 3. “到目前為止.” until now, up till now, up to now, so far, up until now e.g.: We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. 到目前為止，我們尚未采取任何行動來決定一門國際通用語言，以促進國際間的交流。 4. “在最近幾世紀/年/月以來.” in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history. e.g.: Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. 自古以來，人類就必須接受這樣的事實：一切生命體最終都會消亡，因為生命的本質(zhì)包含了死亡。 B) 過去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài) 表示在不確定的過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。謂語動詞一般為短暫性動詞。這種完成時態(tài)是中國學生對難以理解的，也常常和一般過去時混淆不清。（圖中黑點表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作；虛線表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響） C) 到目前的一個時間段內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作。 表示到目前為止的一個時間段內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作。 （圖中每一個黑點表示以此動作；虛線表示于現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系） e.g.: For more than eight years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars. 八十多年以來，科學家們一直就火星上是否有生命存在這一問題不斷進行爭論。8.過去完成時l 形式：had donel 意義：在過去某一時刻之前（即過去的過去）就已開始的動作。這一動作： 1)在該過去時刻仍然再繼續(xù)，或在該過去時刻剛剛停止； 2)在該過去時刻之前的某一時刻停止的動作 3) 在該過去時刻之前的一段時間內(nèi)重讀的動作。l 用法： A) 如同現(xiàn)在完成時的第一種永達的過去完成時。開始于過去之前（即過去的過去）的動作或狀態(tài)在過去這一時刻仍在持續(xù)。 e.g.: I had stayed in America for 2 years when he moved here.(move是過去的動作，stayed發(fā)生在moved之前，即過去的過去；在moved之后還將會繼續(xù)stayed） B)如同現(xiàn)在完成時的第二種用法，表示開始于過去之前的動作倒過去這一時刻之前即已停止.過去完成時的動作通常是短暫動作。e.g.: She had made everything ready before I came.C）如同現(xiàn)在完成時的第三種用法，在過去之前開始的動作，在過去之前的一段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生。 e.g.: I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.9.將來完成時l 形式：will have donel 意義：是以“將來”作為“坐標時間”，來描述開始于將來之前（可能是過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┑膭幼鞒掷m(xù)到將來。l 用法： A) 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 e.g. I will have taught English in New Oriental School for five years by the end of next month. B) 過去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.： We will have finished our exam by the end of next week.C) 在將來之前開始的動作，在將來之前的一段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生。e.g.: By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship will have traveled eleven times round the world.10.現(xiàn)在完成進行時l 形式：have/has been doingl 意義：強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，表示開始于過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且活動還沒有結(jié)束，還將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。e.g.: It began raining 2 hours ago and its still raining. It has been raining for two hours. It began raining at 8 oclock. Now its still raining. It has been raining since 8 oclock. It has been