名詞性從句講解及專項練習習題及其解答.doc

名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題2. 考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法4. 考查whether與if的區(qū)別5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題語法要點剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why1. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時）I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。3. 表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）（二）名詞性從句的一般引導(dǎo)詞1.連接詞that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，只起連接作用，沒有任何意思，也不充當句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期過得好。That he likes you is very obvious.很顯然他喜歡你。2.連接詞whether 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也不充當句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可換成if，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時不能換成if。如：He asked whether if I would show him the way.他問我是否可以給他帶路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否對我們有害還要看一看。(引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if代替whether)3.連接代詞who(m), whose, which, what等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave.這就是她想離開的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter.什么時候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。Tell me which one you like best.告訴我你最喜歡哪一個。4.連接副詞when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan.問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個計劃。When shell be back depends much on the weather.她什么時候回來在很大程度上要看天氣。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他為什么這樣做將永遠是一個謎。（三）名詞性從句的重要引導(dǎo)詞1.what用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是一個十分重要的引導(dǎo)詞，它可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，但不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句。它引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句有兩個意思是：一是表示“什么”，帶有疑問意味；二是表示“所的”，相當于一個先行詞后接一個關(guān)系代詞。如：I dont know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。I dont know what you want is this.我不知道你所想要的是這個。2.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。如：I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的書都給他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。注：what后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且后接不可數(shù)名詞時，有時可有l(wèi)ittle修飾，兩者的區(qū)別是：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在國外。We gave him what (little) help we could.我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。3.whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其意分別為“所的一切事或東西”、“任何的人”、“的任可人或物”等。如：Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要這書都可拿去。Ill do whatever I can to help him.我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest.買最便宜的。注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯的句子：任何人來都歡迎。誤：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其意為“無論”、“不管”，其意相當于no matter who what, which。如：Whatever happens, you must be calm.不管發(fā)生什么情況，你都必須鎮(zhèn)靜。(whatever = no matter what)He wont eat you, whoever he is.不管他是誰，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)注：whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時既用作主格也用作賓語；作賓語時不宜用whomever，因為在現(xiàn)代英語中whomever這個已幾乎廢棄不用。4.why與because的用法區(qū)別。兩者均可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但前者強調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強調(diào)的原因。如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.我感冒了，因此我沒來。I didnt come. Thats because I had a cold.我沒有來，那是因為我感冒了。四）名詞性從句的語序名詞性從句的詞序與陳述句語序相同，尤其注意那些由連接代詞who(m), whose, which, what和連接副詞when, where, why等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不要受它們在特殊疑問句中用法的影響而誤用疑問句詞序。如：Why was he crying?她為什么在哭？I dont know why he was crying.我不知道她為什么哭。（五）名詞性從句的時態(tài)問題1.當主句的謂語動詞是過去式時，賓語從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理，其謂語動詞也必須用某種過去時態(tài)。如：She said that she didnt want to know.她說她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree.我問她是否會同意。2.when, if這兩個詞既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當它們引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且表示將來意義時，要直接使用將來時態(tài)；但當它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句且表示將來意義時，則必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。如：I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, Ill call you.我不知道他什么時候，但當他來的時候，我會打電話給你。句中第一個when引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，故用將來時態(tài)表示將來意義；第二個when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，故用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。三解題方法靈活用從句的解題方法或步驟：第一步：先分析出大的類別 定從？/名從？/狀從？即分析所缺部分在主句中的成分從而確定從句大的類別第二步：口訣逐一解決：(I)名詞性從句?？谠E先成分后含義(II)定語從句?？谠E先成分后先行詞(III)狀語從句?？谠E翻譯即可在本專題中，名詞性從句的口訣執(zhí)行方法是：分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的成分A 做名詞性成分what/which/who/as(+wh-ever型)B 做非名詞性成分a 不做成分：that/if/whether(whether霸王原則)b 做狀語成分：when/where/why/how一旦分出AB兩類，剩余的靠含義直接翻譯即可解決。例如A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. (01年31題)A. how B. after C. what D. when解：第一步：先分析出大的類別A computer can only do中的do是及物動詞，后面缺少do的對象，所以考察名詞性從句問題第二步：口訣先成分后含義從句you have instructed it to do中的do是及物動詞，后面缺少do的對象，所以前面的空在后面的從句內(nèi)充當名詞性成分，所以可以選擇的引導(dǎo)詞就可以排除AD(因為這兩個引導(dǎo)詞在從句中是充當狀語的)，而選項B是名詞性從句中不存在的引導(dǎo)詞，所以B也不對，最后就剩下一個正確選項C如此這樣一步一步下來，逐一進行排除和選擇，最終總是可以直接定位到正確的答案。而這個過程應(yīng)該是完全被熟化在腦中的一個過程，按部就班的操作直至正確答案自然而然的浮出水面。其他類別的題目也應(yīng)該仿照此類，依次完成。名詞性從句專項練習100題1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31. _ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. Whatthat B. Thatwhat C. Howwhy D. Whyhow38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Wherewhich D. Whichwhere 39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. “Do you know _” “His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53. _ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go56. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64. _ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65. _ you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73. We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. w