形容詞、副詞二教案.docVIP

教學目標重點難點教案構架：1、 形容詞、副詞的級2、 可修飾比較級的詞 3、 正誤辨析教案內容：一、形容詞與副詞的級 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1） 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構成比較級和最高級。構成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構成比較級和最高級important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2） 不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstbadill（有病的）oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 、as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。2）當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 、 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. 你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。注意： 1）要避免重復使用比較級。 （錯） He is more cleverer than his brother. （對） He is more clever than his brother. （對） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 （錯） China is larger than any country in Asia. （對） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對應句型，遵循前后一致的原則。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。 比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.二、 可修飾比較級的詞 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。三、正誤辨析誤 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應作復數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。誤 The danger has gone, so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone, so the worst is over.析 意為：危險已經(jīng)過去，最困難的狀況已結束。用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時應看作單數(shù)形式。誤 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.析 golden在英語中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金發(fā)，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達金質的，如：a gold bar金條，a gold coin金幣，但gold fish 金魚例外。誤 She is a warm heart woman.正 She is a warmhearted woman.析 英語形容詞的構詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加ed構成，如：warmhoarted 熱心腸的，whitehaired 白毛的誤 There is an alive fish in the pool.正 There is a living fish in the pool.析 在初中范圍內所學到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語，只能作表語。如：The fish is alive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。誤 The ill man nearly died.正 The sick man nearly died. 析 ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表語時則都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定語時則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運)，ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)誤 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something important to tell you.析 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody在用形容詞修飾時，形容詞應放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to tell you.誤 Ill be free on next Sunday.正 Ill be free next Sunday. 析 在表達將來時的時候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。誤 The girl is twoyear old.正 The girl is two years old.正 She is a twoyearold girl析 由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞組成的形容詞，在學習時要記住兩點，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復數(shù)形式，如：twothousandword report(兩千字的報告)；其二是這樣構成的形容詞只能作定語，即用于名詞之前，而不能作表語。誤 The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.正 The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.析 在名詞前若有幾個形容詞作修飾語時，其順序如下。1. 指示代詞，定冠詞 2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質詞 4. 大小 5. 形狀 6. 老少，新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材料但要注意的是英語的習慣是一個名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個。如： What a pretty little white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. 誤 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析 good是形容詞，這里是修飾動詞speak的，所以應用副詞well，但well作形容詞講時只作身體好。如：He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個好人)。誤 The children play on the grass nappyly.正 The children play on the grass happily析 多音節(jié)y結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.誤 The teacher looked angry at the students.正 The teacher looked angrily at the students.析 英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞，這時它是修飾主語的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來很香。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來很生氣。 而此句的意思為：老師生氣地看著學生，所以應用副詞形式。誤 He worked with me friendly.正 He was friendly to me.析 不是所有結尾是ly的詞都是副詞，但friendly是形容詞，這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely, lonely, costly, livelymonthly weekly。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthly誤 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely in front of your friends.析 free作為形容詞意為自由的，有空閑的，免費的。作為副詞講則是免費之意。而freely作為副詞則是自由的，隨便的。這些要注意的詞還有：hard 努力，艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲，晚lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎like 像 likely 幾乎誤 They must have arrived till now.正 They must have arrived by now.析 by now是用于表達到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應用瞬間動詞。而till now是強調某一動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以一定要用持續(xù)性動詞。must have+過去分詞是對過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。誤 Someone called you right now.正 Someone called you just now.析 just now有兩個意思，其一是剛才，其二是現(xiàn)在，而right now只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.誤 My father will be back from America at present.正 My father will be back from America presently.析 presently有兩個意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意，與at present相同。而for the present為暫時，如： I teach English in the school for the present.誤 Ill be back at the moment.正 Ill be back in a moment.析 at the moment 其意為現(xiàn)在，當時，而in a moment意為馬上過一會，與in a minute意思相近。誤 The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.正 The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.析 on time為準時，而in time有兩個含意。其一是及時，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是將來，終究。誤 I met an old friend sometimes last month.正 I met an old friend sometime last month.析 Sometime 過去，或者將來某時。Sometimes 有時如： Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些時間 如： I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 幾次 如： I went to Shanghai sometimes this month.at times 有時，偶爾 at all times 經(jīng)常 some other time 改天 誤 I had met an old friend three days ago.正 I had met an old friend three days before.正 I met an old friend three days ago.* ago 用在時間狀語中時，主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時，而before用于時間狀語時則主句的謂語動詞宜用完成時態(tài)。誤 He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam.正 He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam.析 in the endat last 意為最終，終于，表達經(jīng)過若干努力而達到的結果。而at the end是在某事的結束時如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。誤 I will come here to help you each three days.正 I will come here to help you every three days.析 every three days 為每三天，即每隔二天，而every other day為每隔一天。誤 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday. and I didnt go, too.正 He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either.析 英語中表示也，有4個字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與as well一般要用在句尾，而also則可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： Ive also read her other novels.誤 We should help the poor girl in anyway.正 We should help the poor girl in any way.析 anyway為不管怎么講，無論如何，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt.any way 為任何方式。這種常見的錯誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中，如：everyday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遙遠的 far away 遠離altogether 總計 all together 一塊，大家一起already 已經(jīng) all ready 全準備好了誤 You can come to the doctors at anytime.正 You can come to the doctors at any time.析 anytime 是副詞 而any time中的time是名詞。誤 She said nearly nothing.正 She said almost nothing.析 nearly 與 almost的含意相近，在很多場合可以互換，但在否定詞前用almost。誤 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正 There are too many mistakes in your homework.析 too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可數(shù)名詞，much too 后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.誤 It is late enough that we can go home now.正 It is late enough for us to go home now. 析 要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復合結構：for somebody to do something。誤 The twins are very alike.正 The twins are much alike.析 用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾，一般要用much來修飾。誤 - How long does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 正 - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 析 英文與中文表達法不同，隔多長時間辦一次某事，實際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用how often。誤 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call up you.正 As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call you up.析 當動詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時則一定要放于動詞之后，如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。如：I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以講： Please turn the TV on.誤 He drove quickly his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly. 析 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：實意動詞之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. 在be動詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. 第一助動詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. 在單獨使用的be動詞和助動詞之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動詞與賓語之間，如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用：He heard clearly what the teacher said.誤 The children came late yesterday to the cinema.正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday.析 表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強調則可放于句首。誤 You have few new books, havent you?正 you have few new books, have you?析 英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少，幾乎沒有)，a few(有一些，幾個)；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle (很少，幾乎沒有)，a little(有一點，有一些)。要注意的是當few和little用于句中時應看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中時則應看作是肯定句。誤 He spent quite little money on his food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food. 析 quite a 為一固定用法，其意為十分，相當，所以。 quite a fewmany, quite a littlemuch 而only a littlelittle, only a few=few.誤 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析 some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復時，應用some。 其次是some 可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。誤 Please tell me where the shoes shop is?正 Please tell me where the shoe shop is.析 在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時，這個作修飾詞的名詞應用單數(shù)形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 書店a post office 郵局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽車站誤 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics. 析 在表達擅長于作某事時用be good at something, 而其反意詞為be bad at something， 但be weak in something。誤 This dictionary is worth to buy.正 This dictionary is worth buying.析 be worth 后可接動、名詞表達值得作某事，又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。誤 Dont afraid of that.正 Dont be afraid of that.析 afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動詞。這樣的詞組還有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心be certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信 be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡be fond of 喜歡誤 The work has already been done well.正 The work has already been well done. 析 well 與badly作副詞時，表示好壞，如果句子是被動語態(tài)，則應放在過去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動語態(tài)，則應放于句末，如：I did my homework well.誤 We are yet in the classroom now.正 We are already in the classroom now.析 already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中，如：Did you finish it? No. not yet.誤 Look. Here comes he!正 Look! Here he comes!誤 Look! Here the bus comes!正 Look! Here comes the bus!析 在句子開頭用Here時，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。誤 She is my older sister.正 She is my elder sister.析 elder 和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關系，而older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.誤 Im tired. I cant go further.正 Im tired. I cant go farther.析 far有兩個比較級 farther 較遠的，further 進一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要進一步的解釋嗎?當然它也有兩個最高級。farthest和furthest.誤 I went to Beijing University five years before.正 I went to Beijing University five years ago.析 ago常與過去時連用，而before則多與完成時連用。誤 - Have you finished your homework? - No, not already. 正 - Have you finished your homework? - No, not yet. 析 仍然有三個英文字可以表達它們是already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間，如：We still cant decide what to do. 但也有時用于be 動詞之后，如：He is still here.誤 He is very higher than I am.正 He is much higher than I am.析 much可以用來修飾比較級，而very則用來修飾形容詞原級，如：Im very tired.誤 - Can I walk to the station?- Youd better not. It is very far. 正 - Can I walk to the station? - Youd better not, It is a long way. 析 for一般用在疑問句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isnt far.誤 Ive ever been to America.正 Ive been to America once. 析 once 多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問句，否定句，及條件狀語從句中，如：Have you ever been to London?誤 - Could you pass the exam this time?- No, I am not afraid so. 正 - Could you pass the exam this time?- No, Im afraid not. 析 在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ Im afraid so.但在否定的答語中，英語口語的習慣用法則有所不同，如，I dont think so 而在hope, belive 與 afraid后則常用not， 如：I hope not.誤 She didnt work enough hard, so she couldnt pass the exam.正 She didnt work hard enough, so she couldnt pass the exam.析 enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對于如何學好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作為形容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。誤 You cant be very careful.正 You cant be too careful.析 此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。tooto的用法是太以至于不能作某事。但在實際應用時也常常將后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對我來講是太貴了。誤 He is good past fifty.正 He is well past fifty.析 well 作為副詞用時除用于好之外還有大大地、遠遠地，等意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯有爭議；He is well. He is good.其實這兩句都是正確的表達法，只不過其含意不同。He is well是他身體不錯，而He is good 則為他是個好人。誤 She is not as half clever as her brother.正 She is not half as clever as her brother.析 在asas結構中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly, almost, exactly 等置于第一個as之前。誤 He is same age as Tom.正 He is the same age as Tom.析 the sameas是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。誤 Mother and her daughter are exactly like.正 Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.* like 作為介詞，其意為像，應用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加賓語。而 alike 是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。誤 Who is taller of the two?正 Who is the taller of the two?析 兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。誤 I have less books than Tom.正 I have fewer books than Tom.析 less 是 little的比較級，而fewer是few的比較級。less后應加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。誤 There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.正 There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.析 在兩者之間應用比較級，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內應用最高級。誤 The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.正 The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.析 asas的用法要注意的是：在其中間應加形容詞或副詞的原級，而不可加比較級，也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.誤 The harder you study, and you can learn more.正 The harder you study, the more you can learn.析 英文中如果要表達越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達法：比較級+and+比較級。定冠詞+比較級，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形容詞，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.誤 Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.正 Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.析 在作比較時，英語一般要求對比的兩部分結構應一致。如用動名詞，應都用動名詞，用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.誤 The girl is more cleverer than the boy.正 The gir