八下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納.doc

新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.問(wèn)題；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong 是adj. 不能加the【用法】用于詢(xún)問(wèn)某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題其后跟詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)象時(shí)， 與介詞with連用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼3. 身體部位+ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容詞，意為 太. ，too much+名詞，意為 很多，大量 。5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足夠好，enough money=much money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過(guò)去式lay；lie說(shuō)謊，過(guò)去式lied7. maybe “或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.sound like+名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容詞，“聽(tīng)起來(lái)，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主語(yǔ)通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交車(chē)） get on 上車(chē)11. agree 同意，贊同；agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.agree to sb. 同意某人的意見(jiàn) 如：I agree to LiLei.12. trouble問(wèn)題，麻煩 ；be in trouble遇到麻煩，make trouble 制造麻煩 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻煩。13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 。14. advice 不可數(shù)名詞勸告，建議，向征求意見(jiàn)， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議； advise 動(dòng)詞 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng)exercise意為“練習(xí)”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞 即可加s當(dāng)exercise意為“鍛煉”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞 即不加s16. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使疼痛，受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動(dòng)詞，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.clean 【動(dòng)詞】打掃，clean the classroom打掃教室，【形容詞】 干凈的 ，cleaner意為 清潔工 。18. hit （用手或器具）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程、動(dòng)作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】free 形容詞空閑的free time；免費(fèi)的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【動(dòng)詞】使解脫，得到自由：He could not free his arm.run out用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。人sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn)23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English.importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的decision 【名詞】決定；抉擇； make a decision 做決定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.二、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法【反身代詞】英語(yǔ)中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱(chēng)、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù) 人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作賓語(yǔ)，指的是賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表語(yǔ)，指的是表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today.3. 可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用（隨便吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔傷自己say to oneself自言自語(yǔ)leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下buy oneself sth.給自己買(mǎi)東西introduce oneself 介紹自己【提醒】1. 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，但可以做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東西）”時(shí)，須要用ones own.如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫(huà)畫(huà)。（誤）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語(yǔ)Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定語(yǔ)a sick child 【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來(lái)The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為 把某物分發(fā)給某人 。4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.過(guò)去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。 There used to be a cinema here. 這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過(guò)去的故事。6. alone 【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料 care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after 【動(dòng)詞】care about sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事 【形容詞】careful 仔細(xì)的 / careless 粗心的 【副詞】carefully 仔細(xì)地8. such “這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞 such+ a/ an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比賽 such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions 多么重要的建議 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for參加選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為T(mén)hirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out試用，試驗(yàn)10. journey 【名詞】（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；trip【名詞】多指短途旅行；travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travel around the world 【名詞】traveler旅行者11.【復(fù)習(xí)】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.【復(fù)習(xí)】try doing sth. 試著去做某事 try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事13.【復(fù)習(xí)】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人、某事14. raise money集資，籌錢(qián)；raise money for為籌錢(qián) raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集15. keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成為；think/find it +形容詞to do sth.18. make a differe