初中英語時態(tài)總結(jié).doc

初中階段，要求學(xué)生掌握動詞7種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，過去進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時和一般將來時態(tài))及它們的主要用法和區(qū)別。了解過去將來、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法，解題時注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，正確判斷出時態(tài)，按時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正確變化動詞。注意句子時態(tài)的一致性，注意對特殊時態(tài)的處理。1、一般現(xiàn)在時：l 用法:1)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3）客觀真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語： often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等連用時。l 構(gòu)成：主語是I, we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時作謂語的行為動詞用原形。主語是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時，動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變法如下：一般情況s以s, x, ch, sh,o結(jié)尾es以輔音y結(jié)尾變y為ies主語為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時：肯定式:S+V/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) 否定式:S+ dont/doesnt +V+其他 疑問式:Do/Does+S+V+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not 注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?l 當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)時：肯定式: S + be + 否定式: S+ be +not + 疑問式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ? 簡略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be. (否) No,S + be.練習(xí)題：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時l 用法： 1）說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（動作是在說話時正在進(jìn)行）。例如： She is having a bath now. 2）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進(jìn)行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.3）表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動詞）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.4) 常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的時間狀語： now ,look,listen等。l 構(gòu)成： be+ v-ing v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母時.run-running, stop-stopping, 2)肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing 否定句：S+be+not + V-ing 一般疑問句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？ 特殊疑問：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?1I dont think that its true. Shes _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told2. How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours? - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung3一般將來時l 用法： 1將要發(fā)生的動作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 4.常用于一般將來時的時間狀語：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。 l 構(gòu)成：1. 助動詞will(shall)+v 2. be +going to +v練習(xí)題： 1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4一般過去時l 用法：1 過去發(fā)生的動作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 過去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：They werent able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。l 構(gòu)成： S+V-ed 用動詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母y結(jié)尾去y變ied重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫詞尾字母+ed2）一般過去時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和like為例）：主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I was a student.We/You/ They were students.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they like music?Did many people like music?練習(xí)題：1. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. come D. had come5、過去進(jìn)行時l 概念： 1)過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?2)常用于過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語： at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。l 構(gòu)成： was / were +v-ing1）Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy 2）They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、現(xiàn)在完成時l 概念：1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already, just, ever, never, before等詞連用. 如: She has never read this novel.2)表示 “過去的動作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去. 常與for (后跟段時間)或since (后跟點(diǎn)時間)等連用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引導(dǎo)時間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示明確的過去時間連用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去過”（去了又回來了） have/has gone to 表示“去過”（去了沒回來了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)l 構(gòu)成： have / has + v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以be和see為例）：肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed 否定句：S+ have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑問句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主 語肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問 式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù) I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They havent been here before.He/ She hasnt been here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people havent seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?1.-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 2.My bowl is empty. Who _ all m