譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：例句精講 Unit4　.doc

例句精講1. joining us in the studio are isabel rose from the cannes film festival,.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival.來(lái)到我們節(jié)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的有來(lái)自戛納電影節(jié)的伊莎貝爾羅斯還有來(lái)自上海國(guó)際電影節(jié)的徐立?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】這是一個(gè)倒裝句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是isabel rose.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival are joining us in the studio.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，往往使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，將主語(yǔ)放在句子的后半部分。如：nearby was the house in which they had lived for more than twenty years.附近就是他們住了二十多年的那幢房子?！疽c(diǎn)剖析】當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)是be, stand, sit, lie等動(dòng)詞，而句子主語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，位于句首會(huì)使整個(gè)句子比例失調(diào)，因此往往采用完全倒裝形式，把表語(yǔ)部分提到句首。如：1)present at the meeting were professors from key universities and some government officials.出席會(huì)議的是來(lái)自重點(diǎn)大學(xué)的教授和一些政府官員。2)such was albert einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)人，一個(gè)淳樸而又取得巨大成就的人。誤區(qū)警示 因?yàn)檫@種倒裝形式中主語(yǔ)在后面，需要注意句子的主謂一致問(wèn)題。如：from the speakers in the buildings comes the fire alarm.從各個(gè)大樓的擴(kuò)音器里傳來(lái)火警的聲音。2. considering the history of our festival, we feel it is important not to favour films from any one country.考慮到電影節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)，我們覺(jué)得不偏愛(ài)任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的電影很重要?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】1）句中considering the history of our festival引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。2）動(dòng)詞favour意思是“偏愛(ài)”。如：matt feels his parents favour his younger brother.馬特覺(jué)得父母偏愛(ài)他的弟弟?！就卣寡由臁?）considering prep. 就而論；考慮到；鑒于；現(xiàn)在分詞形式用作介詞，所以也稱(chēng)為分詞介詞，類(lèi)似的還有：including包括；regarding 關(guān)于；concerning關(guān)于。如：considering hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鑒于他才剛剛開(kāi)始，他懂得的已經(jīng)不少了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)功能如下：作原因狀語(yǔ)：not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.因?yàn)闆](méi)收到回信，他決定再寫(xiě)一封信。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)his wife died in 1962, leaving him with three children.他妻子1962年死了，留給他三個(gè)孩子。作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)holding his head high, he walked past the pole.他昂著頭，走過(guò)竹竿。作并列狀語(yǔ)the train started at five, arriving (=and arrived) at beijing at twelve.火車(chē)五時(shí)開(kāi)出，十二時(shí)到達(dá)北京。用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天要出去郊游。2）favour v.較喜歡；偏愛(ài)；有助于；有利于；外貌像；長(zhǎng)得像（父母或長(zhǎng)輩）the warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.溫暖的氣候?qū)Ω鞣N熱帶植物生長(zhǎng)有利。she definitely favours her father.她酷似她的父親。3. harry has contradictory feelings about his new life. at first, he enjoys it, but later, he learns the confidential information that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents.對(duì)于新生活，哈利有一種矛盾的心情。起初，他很喜歡新生活，但是后來(lái)，他知道了一個(gè)秘密，學(xué)校的邪惡巫師伏地魔就是殺死他父母的人?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】句中“that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents”是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，指代“the confidential information”的內(nèi)容?！就卣寡由臁客徽Z(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的。這些名詞常見(jiàn)的有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,promise,order,story,problem,fear,belief,word,message,information,proof,announcement,desire,doubt,answer,proposal,advice,condition等。同位語(yǔ)從句功能：同位語(yǔ)從句跟在一個(gè)名詞后，對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明（有時(shí)也會(huì)被其他詞將它和名詞分開(kāi)）。如：i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這兒。word came that they had arrived.有消息說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)到了?！颈嫖霰容^】同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：a.從意義上講，前者對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，后者對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾和限定。b.從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，前者由連接詞引導(dǎo)，后者由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。c.從內(nèi)涵上講，前者所說(shuō)明的名詞與從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系，后者所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。d.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)的連詞不可以省略，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？梢允÷?。e.同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞多為抽象名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句則無(wú)此限制，常見(jiàn)的跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有news（消息），fact（事實(shí)），idea（主意），thought（想法），hope（希望），order（命令）等。如：the news that they won the match is true.他們比賽獲勝的消息是真的。（同位語(yǔ)從句）the news that you told me yesterday is true.昨天你給我講的消息是真的。（定語(yǔ)從句）the order when we should return hasnt reached us.我們什么時(shí)候返回的命令還未到。（同位語(yǔ)從句）the day when new china was founded will never be forgotten.新中國(guó)成立的那天永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被忘記。（定語(yǔ)從句）4. i think this is more to highlight the advanced special effects than to help the films plot.在我看來(lái)，這是為了更加突出電影高超的特效，而不是有助于表現(xiàn)電影的情節(jié)?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】句中more.than.意思是“與其說(shuō)，倒不如說(shuō)”。如：he is famous more for his spirit than for his achievements.與其說(shuō)他以成就聞名，倒不如說(shuō)他以精神著稱(chēng)?！就卣寡由臁?）more than 多于;不止，不僅僅the stone weighs more than ten tons.這塊石頭重達(dá)10噸多。bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不僅僅用于建筑。2）more than與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名詞或分詞連用時(shí)，意為“不止是，非常，豈止”等。如：they are more than classmates. they are close friends.他們倆遠(yuǎn)不止是同學(xué)，他們是知心朋友。they were more than glad to help.他們是極其愿意幫忙的。she speaks english more than fluently.她的英語(yǔ)何止是流利，簡(jiǎn)直是相當(dāng)?shù)氐馈?）more than one+n.意為“不止一個(gè)”，雖在語(yǔ)意上為復(fù)數(shù)，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。its no/not more than a mile to the sea.到海邊的路程不超過(guò)一英里。more than one school has been closed.不止一家學(xué)校關(guān)門(mén)了。（反）less than少于（反）less/fewer adj.少的（原級(jí)）many/much adv.多（最高級(jí)）most adv.（合）moreover adv.此外；而且more or less差不多；幾乎more is meant than meets the ear.言外之意。the more.the more.越越once more再一遍and what is more再者；而且more than a little非常more and more越來(lái)越no more than與一樣不；不過(guò)；僅僅【辨析比