八下一單元英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc

U1 Will people have robots?語法小結(jié)：一、一般將來時(shí)1用be doing表示將來,：主要意義是表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它常表最近或較近的將來，所用動詞多是轉(zhuǎn)移動詞。如go，come，leave，arrive，move等 (1) Im going. 我要走了。 (2) When are you starting? 你什么時(shí)候動身？表將來的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除用于轉(zhuǎn)移動詞外，亦可用于某些非轉(zhuǎn)移動詞。如： (1) Im meeting you after class. 課后我找你。 (2) What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？ 2用be going to do表示將來：一是表示“意圖”，即打算在最近的將來或?qū)磉M(jìn)行某事。e.g.: Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here?另一意義是表示“預(yù)見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。e.g.: Its going to rain.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： She will come to have class tomorrow. Will she come to have class tomorrow? She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?二、There be結(jié)構(gòu)1. therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be是可以運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)的。 e.g.: There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有個(gè)會議。 There was a knock at the door.有人敲門。 There has been a girl waiting for you.有個(gè)女孩一直在等你。 There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 2. 動詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)就近一致原則來變換be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.: There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。 How many people are there in the city? 這個(gè)城市里有多少人口？ There is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有一個(gè)鋼筆和兩本書。 There are two books and a pen on the desk.課桌上有兩本書和一個(gè)鋼筆。 三、單詞重點(diǎn)解析1. everything 每件事情謂語用is .Everying is OK.部分否定：Not everything is OK.比較： something,anything,nothing（1）后面接形容詞I have something important to tell you. Theres nothing interesting in the newspaper. （2）something 用于肯定句，用于疑問句是表示征詢意見。表示請求或建議的疑問句，如would you like something to eat?can you give me something to drink? Anything用于否定句和疑問句。 Is there anything in that box?可以用于肯定句中，無論什么： I want something to eat,anything will do. nothing：（后接形容詞、不定式等）沒什么；沒什么東西；無物： Theres nothing interesting in the newspaper. 報(bào)紙上沒有什么有趣的新聞。 Hes had nothing to eat.他還沒有定下吃。 2. Paper 如果表示“紙張”，是不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示數(shù)量，需要搭配量詞，如 two pieces of paper，其復(fù)數(shù)體現(xiàn)在量詞上3.Few,a few 比較近fewer,最高級fewest He has a few friends there. The lake is not near,so theres _few_ people going swimming there. few+ 可數(shù)名詞.極少,幾乎沒有a few 一點(diǎn),一些,幾個(gè)+ 可數(shù)名詞litter,a litter比較級是less 最高級是leastlittle + 不可數(shù)名詞幾少,幾乎沒有a little+ 不可數(shù)名詞一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),一些4.pollution 動詞是pollute 5.space 空間,太空The table takes up a lot of space. 這張桌子占去很多地方。 6.fly 動詞過去式 flew. flown Take took taken Fall-fell-fallen White-wrote-written Come-came-comeThink-thought-thought Make-made-made7 fall in love with Be in love with 8. alone與lonely的區(qū)別alone既可用作形容詞，又可用作副詞，意為“獨(dú)自的（地）、單獨(dú)的（地）”，側(cè)重于說明獨(dú)自一人，沒有同伴或助手，指的是客觀情況。. alone用作形容詞時(shí)，一般與be動詞連用，在句中作表語。例如：She is alone at home. （她獨(dú)自一人在家。）He is not alone in this idea. （有這種想法的不只是他一個(gè)人。）. alone用作副詞修飾動詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在動詞后面作狀語。例如：I like to work alone. I dont like living alone.lonely只用作形容詞，它在句中既可作定語，也可作表語，表示“孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”意思。其比較級形式為lonelier。. lonely意為“孤單的”等。例如：At heart, I”m a lonely man. （內(nèi)心深處我很孤獨(dú)。）We never feel lonely in Shanghai. （在上海我們從不感到孤獨(dú)。）I was alone but I didn”t feel lonely. （我獨(dú)自一人，但我并不感到孤獨(dú)。）. lonely 無人煙的，荒涼的，偏僻的用作表語時(shí)，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意思。例如：That”s a lonely island. （那是一個(gè)荒涼的島嶼。）9.be able to do =can 能10.dress up 打扮 dress up as 裝扮成 dress sb up 打扮某人11.反身代詞數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesteach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué)lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于之中enjoy oneself玩得高興，過得愉快 help oneself to sth請自用（隨便吃/喝些）. 12. predict vt. 預(yù)言;預(yù)料;預(yù)報(bào)+that+wh-He predicted that an earthquake was coming. 他預(yù)言即將發(fā)生地震。 13.come true實(shí)現(xiàn)My dream will come true.14.unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的 pleasant adj.使人愉快的兩者都強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事物本身的狀況。An unpleasant day 修飾物 Please vi.請，使高興 please sb 讓某人高興 Pleased adj.感到愉快的，滿意的be pleased with 對感到滿意，高興 be pleased to do sth 很高興去做某事Im pleased to hear about your news.聽到你的消息我很高興。15.hundreds of , thousands of 成千上萬,millions of 4 hundred ,4 million16. seem 似乎seem+adj Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。Seem impossible seem+名詞 He seemed an honest man.他看上去像是個(gè)老實(shí)人。 seem+不定式 The maths problem seems to be difficult to work out. seem+like+n./ V-ing，意思是看起來像 It seems like raining.There seems to be.,意為似乎有；好像有 There seems to be no work for you to do now.看來現(xiàn)在沒有工作需要你做了。 It seems/seemed + as if從句 It seems as if he were in a dream.看來他像是在做夢。 17.get/be bored with 對感到討厭 be tired of 對感到疲憊be angry at / about sth. 因某事而生氣 be interested in 對感興趣be excited about about 對覺得很興奮 be strict in/with 對嚴(yán)格四、課文難句解析1.Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes?Yes,there will. I think there will be robots in peoples homes. What do you think sally will be in five years? 賓語從句+陳述句語序 區(qū)別 Who do you think is the best movie star? do you think插入語2. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人們還會使用錢幣嗎？in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段時(shí)間”常用在將來時(shí)態(tài)中,表一段時(shí)間之后。e.g.: Ill come in an hour. 我一小時(shí)后來。 Ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再見你。3. There will be less free time空閑時(shí)間會更少。 Less：adj較少的(little的比較級)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其最高級是least；反義詞是more.e.g.: Janes less beautiful than Mary. People will use the subways less.4.People will live to be 200 years old. live+to be +基數(shù)詞+years old Live vi.生活，居住 live in BeiJing 住在北京5.What sport will she play? Do/play sports 做運(yùn)動6. I dont agree 我不同意。-I agree.我同意。1) 表示“同意某人意見”時(shí)用agree with sb.，該短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。e.g.: Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意見嗎?2) 要確定一樣事情用on Can we agree on a date for the next meeting? 我們能不能為下次會議確定一個(gè)時(shí)間？ (3)涉及一件建議或計(jì)劃用to。 He agreed to our plan for the holiday. 他已經(jīng)同意我們關(guān)于假日的計(jì)劃了。 4) agree后還可以接不定式，不接動名詞，表示“同意做某事”。e.g.: They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他們同意明天下午動身。6.As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of interesting people.as prep.作為和like 做對比，like 是像He talked to me like my father. He talked to me as my father.As+adj/adv的原級+as 和一樣not+ As+adj/adv的原級+as 和不一樣This film is as interesting as that one. This film is not as interesting as that one. 若有修飾成分，twice ,three times 等，則置于第一個(gè)as 之前Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.Asas possible 盡可能Please answer my question as soon as possible.The same +adj+as sb/sth 和一樣的Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people and do the same things as us.7.On the weekend,Ill be able to dress more casually. Be able to do sth=can 8. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你認(rèn)為明天的天氣怎樣?1) Whats the weather like? 是詢問天氣怎么樣，相當(dāng)于How is the weather？What be like? 可以用來征求對方對某事的看法或意見，意思是“怎么樣?” 類似的說法還有What do you think of? How do you like? 等句型。e.g.: What is the book like? What do you think of the book? How do you like the book? 你覺得這本書怎么樣?Whats the weather like today?How is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣?2) What isare1ike? 可用來提問天氣情況，也可用來對人(或物)的外觀、外貌提問，還可以用來對其特性提問。e.g.: Whats the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣?Whats the young girl like? 那個(gè)年輕女孩長什么樣? What was the book like? 那本書怎么樣?9. There were many famous predictions that never came true有許多從沒成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的 著名的預(yù)測。1) 本句中that never came true是個(gè)定語從句，用于修飾先行詞predictions，that為引導(dǎo)詞，作定語從句的主語，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，夢想等實(shí)現(xiàn)”。come是連系動詞；true是形容詞，做連系動詞come的表語。e.g.: My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的夢想會實(shí)現(xiàn)。Her dream to