人教版八年級下冊2014春版知識點總結(jié)

Unit 1 Whats the matter? 單元目標(biāo)1. 學(xué)會談?wù)摻】祮栴}，健康狀況（Talk about your health）2. 能夠辨認(rèn)身體部位。（parts of the body）3. 能夠提供建議（Give advice）重點詞匯1. head 頭 2. neck 頸部 3. back 后背 4. leg 腿 5. arm 手6. hand 手 7. foot 腳 8. nose 鼻子 9. eye 眼睛 10. ear 耳朵 11. mouth 嘴 12. tooth 牙齒 13. stomach 胃14. headache頭痛15. toothache牙痛16. stomachache胃痛17. fever 發(fā)燒18. backache后背痛19. sore throat 咽部疼痛20. tired 累的 21. thirsty 口渴的 22. hungry 餓的 23. dentist 牙醫(yī)重點短語1. have a stomachache 胃痛2. have a cold 感冒3. lie down 躺倒4. take ones temperature 給某人量體溫5. have a fever 發(fā)燒6. go to a doctor 看醫(yī)生7. get off 離開，出發(fā)8. to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是9. agree to (do sth) 同意做某事10. get into trouble 陷入麻煩 11. fall down 摔打，12. thanks to 幸虧，由于13. in time 及時14. give up 放棄15. be interested in 對.感興趣16. make a decision 做決定17. cut off 砍到，切碎重點句型1. Whats the matter? 怎么了？2. I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。3. What should I do? 我應(yīng)該做什么？4. I think you should lie down and rest. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該躺下休息5. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor. 如果你的頭和脖子明天仍然痛，那么去看醫(yī)生吧。6. He hurt himself in P.E class. 他在體育課上傷害了自己。語法難點情態(tài)動詞should(1) should 作情態(tài)動詞時，表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)，含義是“應(yīng)該：應(yīng)當(dāng)”，可用于各種人稱。如：What do you think I should do? 你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該做些什么？(2) should 可用來表示推測和估計，常譯成“按說應(yīng)該”。如：I think she should arrive home by now. 我想她此刻應(yīng)該回家了。(3) should 與 how，why，what 等詞連用，多表達驚訝、意外等情緒。如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？高頻考點1. How to talk about our health . 問某人哪兒不舒服。 When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask : Whats wrong (with you) ? Whats the matter (with you) ?Whats your trouble ? What happens to you ? (Is there) anything wrong with you ?都表示“你怎么了”。 敘述病情。 There is something wrong with my tooth . 我的牙出問題了。 Doctor , Im not feeling well . 我感覺不好，醫(yī)生。 I feel terrible . 我感覺糟透了。 I feel very ill . 我感覺病得很重。 This place hurts . (Ive got a pain here) 這個地方疼。 My leg hurts . 我腿疼。 I dont feel like eating . 我不想吃東西。 I have a cold . 我感冒了。 I have a fever . 我發(fā)燒了。 I have a headache . 我頭疼。 處置或提出建議： 1)Open your mouth , please . 張開嘴。 I want to take your temperature . 我想測測你的體溫。 2)Take this medicine three times a day . 這個藥一天吃三次。 3) Take three pills before you go to bed . 睡前服用三片。 4) Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow . 最好臥床休息到明天。 5) Drink lots of water and have a good rest . 多喝水，好好休息。 6) You should lie down and rest . 臥床多休息。 7) You should drink hot tea with honey . 你應(yīng)該喝加蜂蜜的熱茶。 8) You should see a dentist . 你應(yīng)該去看牙醫(yī)。 9) You should go to bed early . 你應(yīng)該早點上床（休息）。 2. 關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞should 1) 情態(tài)動詞 should表“建議、應(yīng)該”，其否定形式為shouldnt . 它用于所有人稱。在其后應(yīng)為動詞原形。 You should wait a little more . 你應(yīng)該再多等一會兒。 He should tell me about it . 他應(yīng)該告訴我這件事。 2) 在表示要求、命令時，語氣由should（應(yīng)該）、had better（最好）、must（必須）逐漸加強。 在本單元主要是表建議“應(yīng)當(dāng)”或“應(yīng)該”。 3. have a cold感冒，還可以說get a cold . 我得了重感冒：I have a very bad cold . 在這里cold是名詞，因此前邊可以加冠詞“a”、有時也可以說： I have got a very bad cold . 或：I have had a very bad cold . 4. He shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours . 他不應(yīng)在24小時內(nèi)吃任何東西。 在這里因為是否定句，因而不用something，而用anything，同some和any的區(qū)別一樣，something用于肯定句中，而anything用于否定或疑問句中，如： Theres something wrong with him . 他出問題了，或他病了。 Is there anything I can help ? 我能幫忙嗎？ 又如：Do you have any brothers ? 你有兄弟嗎？ I have some good friends . 我有一些朋友。 I never have any fun . 我從沒什么樂趣。 never是否定詞，因此我們用any，不用some 5.Whats the matter with you ? 你怎么了？ with是個介詞，后邊可以跟名詞或代詞。 Whats the matter with Sonja ? Sonja怎么了？ 6.I am not feeling well . feel well well表示“好” ，這里不用“good”。 7.Shes tired . 她很累。 tired是個形容詞，可以說feel tired感到很累，或說get tired. She feels tired. 或She gets tired . 8.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy . 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要通過陰陽調(diào)和來保持健康。 其中a balance of平衡 keep a balance of保持一個平衡 如keep a balance of nature保持自然（生態(tài)）平衡。 be healthy，keep healthy，stay healthy都是保持健康的意思。 healthy是個形容詞，其名詞形式為health . 9. on the other hand 另一方面。經(jīng)常與on (the) one hand一起連用。表示一方面另一方面。 如： On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep healthy . 我們一方面要努力學(xué)習(xí)，另一方面應(yīng)該保持身體健康。 10. too much yang in their lives . too much和too many都表示許多。 too much后接不可數(shù)名詞，如water , money等。 too many后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，如students , flowers lives是名詞life的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 11. Its important to eat a balanced diet . 吃（營養(yǎng)）平衡的飲食是很重要的。 balanced在此處是形容詞，表示“平衡的”。It是形式主語，真正的主語是“to eat a balanced diet”，但因主語太長，為了句子平衡，將主語用 it代替，這是it的又一功能。 12.Im not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment .1）用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中，意思為“此刻”，如： I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙。 2）用于過去時中，表示“當(dāng)時”，如： I was busy at the moment . 我當(dāng)時很忙。引領(lǐng)人生 A bad thing never dies.壞事傳千年實戰(zhàn)模擬Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、根據(jù)句意和首字母提示，完成下列單詞拼寫。1. We walk with our l_. 2. Yesterday I had a bad c_, so I didnt go to school. 3. There is much w_in the river. 4. She was very t_, and soon she fell asleep in bed. 5. He is very t_, please give him a cup of tea. 二、單項選擇。1. -_ -I have a headache. A. Whats the matter, Judy? B. Where are you, Judy? C. Who are you? D. What are you doing, Judy? 2. He_stay at home and look after his mother yesterday. A. needed o B. must C. have to D. has to 3. I think walking is_our health. A. good at B. bad at C. well in D. good for 4. We should not eat_junk food. A. too many B. too much C. many too D. much too 5. -How is the young man? -_ A. He is twelve. B. Hes much better. C. He is a doctor. D. Hes Allan. 6. Its important to eat a_diet. A. balanced B. balance C. balancing D. balances 7. He often has sports. _, football, basketball and ping-pong. A. For an example B. For example C. For the example D. For a example 8. You should not eat_24 hours. A. something in B. nothing for C. anything for D. everything at 9. -My mother is ill. -_ A. Dont worry. B. No hurry. C. Im sorry to hear that. D. OK. 10. -I feel stressed out. I have so much work to do every day. -Youd better not work too hard. Its good for you to take some_, I think. A. health B. exercise C. lesson D. work 三、從對話后的方框中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。 A: We are going to play basketball. (1)_ B: Id like to, but I cant. A: (2)_ B: I have to see Xiao Fang in the hospital. A: Whats the matter with her? (3)_ B: (4)_ A: (5)_ B: Im afraid I cant. A. Her head hurts and she doesnt want to eat. B. Would you like to go with us? C. Anything serious? D. Are you coming later? E. What do you have to do? 四、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Li Ying_(be) born in 1986. 2. Listen!Our English teacher_(speak) at the meeting. 3. Well go to the park if it_(not rain) tomorrow. 4. Half an hour later, she_(meet) her husband outside the park gate. 5. You may_(go) there a little earlier next time. 6. Dont_(disturb) others when you are in the room. 7. Youd better_(not play) football in the street. 8. The Smiths wanted_(live) in China. 9. The young man_(help) Granny to clean the house last Sunday. 10. My sister_(write) a letter yesterday. 五、英漢互譯。1. 你怎么了？ 我頭疼。 -_？ -_. 2. 我的弟弟得了重感冒。 _. 3. 你不應(yīng)該來學(xué)校太晚。 _. 4. 我口渴，想喝點水。 _. 5. He is stressed out because he has too much work. _. 6. It is important for you to learn to speak English well. _. 7. Its cooler today. Lets go for a walk. _. 8. On the other hand, you should study hard. _. 六、單句改錯，下列各句中均有一處錯誤，請指出并改正。1. Whats(A) the matter(B) to(C) you(D)? _ 2. My father often(A) eats(B) too many(C) food(D). _ 3. We are(A) tired(B), so we want(C) to have rest(D). _ 4. If you want to(A) stay health(B), you must(C) take some exercise(D). _ 5. The old man(A) might(B) is(C) a doctor(D). _ 七、完形填空。What is the best way to study? This is a very important question. Some Chinese students often_1_very hard for long hours. It is a_2_habit, but it is not a better way to study. An efficient(講效率的) student must_3_enough sleep, enough food and enough rest. Every week you _4_to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. Its good_5_your study. When you return to your studies, youll find yourself_6_than before and youll learn more. Maybe we can_7_that learning English is _8_taking Chinese medicine. We dont mean that its bitter (苦的). We mean that like Chinese medicine, the efficiency of your study_9_ slowly but surely. _10_slowly but surely every day and effects will come just like Chinese medicine. 1. A. play B. study C. sleep D. think 2. A. best B. better C. good D. bad 3. A. have B. do C. want D. make 4. A. want B. hope C. need D. wish 5. A. in B. for C. to D. at 6. A. weaker B. stronger C. fatter D. thinner 7. A. say B. guess C. talk D. know 8. A. about B. on C. at D. like 9. A. returns B. comes C. gives D. gets 10. A. Sleep B. Know C. Learn D. Play 八、閱讀理解。There is an old English saying. It tells us that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever. This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age should have ten hours sleep every night. Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work well and they may not be healthy. The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also helps the blood to move around inside the body. It is very important. Our blood moves to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 1. If we want to be healthy, we must_. A. eat more B. sleep more C. play more D. go to bed early and get up early 2. Children of young age should have _ hours sleep every day. A. ten B. nine C. eleven D. twelve 3. If children dont have enough sleep, they will not_. A. work well B. be clever and healthy C. eat well D. A and B 4. The body also needs_. A. sports B. running C. exercise D. playing 5. Does exercise help us to think better? A. Yes, it does. B. No, it doesnt. C. No, it does. D. Yes, it deosnt. 九、書面表達。假定你是Tom,你按Kate 約定的時間、地點與她見面后去醫(yī)院看望Mr Wang。你們告訴他你們在考試中發(fā)揮的很好，他很高興。Mr Wang祝愿你們暑假生活愉快，并希望你們繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)。你們交談了大約半小時后離開醫(yī)院。請你以日記的形式把它寫下來。 參考詞匯： be glad, flowers, do well in, keep on doing, hope, get on well with, Thursday, May 16th, Sunny _ Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.單元目標(biāo)1. 能夠以口譯形式談?wù)撝驹腹ぷ鳌?. 能夠正確運動一般將來時。3. 能夠書寫以志愿工作為話題的書面表達。重點詞匯1. cheer 歡呼2. volunteer 志愿者 3. notice 發(fā)現(xiàn)4. lonely 孤單的5. several 幾個6. feeling 感覺7. satisfaction 滿意8. owner 擁有者9. raise 提高，上升10. alone 獨自，一個人11. repair 修理12. train 訓(xùn)練13. kindness 善良14. change 改變15. disabled 殘疾的重點短語1. clean up 清掃 2. give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放 3. cheer up=makehappier 使.高興4. come up with =think up 提出，想出 5. write down寫下，記下 6. set up=establish 建立 7. volunteer ones time to do sth.自愿花時間做.8. make plans計劃干.9. use up用完，耗盡 10. take after在性格或長相方面與父母相象11. fix up修理 12. give away捐贈13. be similar to與.相似14. hung out閑蕩 15. disabled people殘疾人 16. go out of ones way to do sth幫助.做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）17. train sb. to do sth. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事 重點句型1. I hope to work outside. 我希望到外面工作。2. I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 我想要學(xué)習(xí)更多有關(guān)于如何能照顧動物的方法。3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 當(dāng)我看到動物變得更健康以及它們主人臉上高興的表情時，我得到一中強烈的滿足感。4. You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以幫助打掃城市公園。語法難點一般將來時：將來時間計劃發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow .,next ,the day after tomorrow , in 5 minutes ,soon,等。構(gòu)成：will do/be & be going to do/be例如：Ill help clean the city parks next week高頻考點1.hunger n.饑餓 adj.饑餓的 Eg. In the old days, many people died of hunger.舊社會，許多人死于饑餓。2. homeless adj.無家可歸的。在名詞詞尾加后綴less變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ稳菰~。 如：1) help+less=helpless : 意為“無助的; 2) care+ less=careless意為“粗心的”; 3)hope+ less=hopeless“無望的”; 4) use+ less=useless“無用的”; 3. set v.擺放、放置、（太陽）落下set up 建立set off=set out 出發(fā)、動身4.cheer v. cheer up sb.或cheer sb. up意為“（使某人）高興起來，振作起來”。如果是代詞做 賓語，則將代詞放在中間。5.fix v.修理 fix up相當(dāng)于repair，表示“修理，修補，整理”,其后跟物件名詞作賓語。特別提 示。如果fix up的賓語是“人”的話，則構(gòu)成fix sb. up with sth.句型，表示“為某人安排某件 事，向某人提供某物”。 Eg：Ill fix you up with a place to stay. 我來給你安排住處。6. similar adj.相似的 be similar to意為“與類似”; be the same as“與完全相同”。take after sb. 表示“長相或舉止像（某個長輩）”，不能用于被動語態(tài)。 7. pleasure意為“高興，快樂”，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“樂趣，高興的事”時是可數(shù)名詞。 在口語中Its pleasure. 是回答感謝的客套語。 Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。 Its a pleasure. 不用謝。特別提示pleased是形容詞，意為“自己感到高興的，欣喜的，滿意的，其主語為人。pleasant也是形容詞，表示“使人感到愉快滿意”，一般用作定語，如主語是物，也可以用作表語。Eg. Its pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。Its very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了幾小時后坐下來很舒服。please是動詞，表示“（使）高興，滿意，愉快”。8.shut v, (shut, shut) “關(guān)”，在許多情況下可以與close互換，只是后者語氣較弱，Eg. close the door關(guān)門（也可能指半開半閉），shut the door關(guān)門（指把門關(guān)緊）。當(dāng)表示“關(guān)閉公路， 鐵路或交通工具”或作“結(jié)束”講時，只用close。 Eg：They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大霧，那條公路被關(guān)閉。特別提示turn off用來表示“關(guān)閉”有開關(guān)的東西，如收音機、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。9. carry v.“搬運，攜帶”，不表示帶到什么地方，而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。10. fetch v. 相當(dāng)于go and bring back，意為“取來，接來”，表示一往一返。引領(lǐng)人生A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.聞其歌知其鳥，聽其言知其人。實戰(zhàn)模擬 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.一、根據(jù)句意和首字母，填寫所缺單詞。1. I am very a_. Give me some food, please.2. Its Friday today. Dont p_ off it any more. 3. He is a v_, and he often treats some animals. 4. My computer is broken. He is r_ it for me.5. His father is able. He can s_ this problem by himself.6. There is a s_. It says“No Smoking!”.7. I love dogs because they never c_ and theyre grateful.8. Lucy and Lily are twins, so they are s_ in many ways.二、用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Id like to help _(home) people. 2. Listen! The baby _(cry). Go and have a look.3. The students of Cass Five_(put on) an English play next week.4. I fell good about _(help) other people.5. The monkey made all the people _(laugh).6. You cant put off _(make) a study plan .7. Tom loves animals and plans _(study)to be a veterinarian when he leaves school .8 Li Ming is a _(nine) grade student who wants to be a doctor .9 He now has sixteen bikes _(fix) up and give away to children who dont have bikes .10 Thank you for _(send) a letter to me 三、單選1. Ive no pen _ me. Would you lend one _me? A. without, for B. with, to C. to, for D. for, to2. Were going to _ many schools in the west of China.A. cheer up B. set up C. pull off D. put on3. Do you need to _ a plan for your holiday? A. give out B. gave out C. give off D. come up with4. On weekends I like to _at the English club with my friends. A. hang out B. look out C. hand out D. give out5. The lazy man has _his money, so he has to borrow some money from others. A. use out B. ran out C. run out of D. cost 6. Be quiet please, class. Ill going to _your test papers.A give away B give out C give off D give to7._do we feel good about helping other people, _I get to spend time doing what I love to do. A Not onlyand B But also C Only.and D Not onlybut 8. They live in a place _Gum Tree A to call B calling C called D calls 9 Place try to get there on time .Dont keep us_A to wait B waited C wait D waiting 10. -Tom hasnt paid for the school things, has he?-_.His father will pay for him A Yes, he has B No, he hasnt C Yes, he did D No, he didnt四、閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的四個選項中選出最佳答案。I havent written my blog(博客) for two weeks because Ive been really busy with my work. And for me, being busy is being 1 , for I really like my work. I have been finishing up my volunteer work for Doctors without Borders. I 2 some Wharton classmates around to see Shanghai (actually, to see Shanghai bars), and also hung out with some online friends I met on Pop English. Its too bad I dont have 3 to actually meet all the people Ive met on this websitesometimes I hardly have time to 4 the messages I get from the other friends. But I have had a lot of fun meeting the online friends, and its also been a great way to 5 my Chinese.I have two more weeks 6 in Shanghai and then I go to New York for training with Morgan Sta