高中定語從句匯總講解學(xué)案教師版.doc

高中定語從句匯總講解學(xué)案（Oliver）英語諺語欣賞1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成.2. Its the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼. 概念：(1) 定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。(3) 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、 where定語從句解題三步法：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。. 幾個(gè)關(guān)系詞的基本用法：組一：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主語)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （賓語）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表語）7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.總結(jié)： that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語)組二1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表語）5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語）6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.總結(jié): which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。：組三I like the students who/that work hard. （主語）All who heard the story were amazed. (代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （賓語）Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）Id like a room whose window faces south. （指物）=Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to comewho, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語; 只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語; 只可指人whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。組四He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.總結(jié)：When 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, 注意：先行詞為時(shí)間名詞，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.Next month which/that youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be exciting.組五This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.總結(jié)：Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, 注意：1. 先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。比較: Is this the school where you study? Is this the school which/that you visited last year? 2. 先行詞為表示抽象意義的地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)用where，作其它成分時(shí)用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.I think you have got to the point which/that is important.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation which/that he must pay much attention to.3.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.組六The reason why / for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作賓語）Have you asked him the reason that/which may explain his success? （作主語）比較: He was late .Thats because he got up late. He got up late. Thats why he was late.(表語從句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定語從句)總結(jié)：Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：組七as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語, 先行詞是same.).-Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Dont do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定語從句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為正如，這一點(diǎn)。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主語）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .=Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know .（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語, 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)組八當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句常用that, in which,或how引導(dǎo)，that常可以省略。way后的定語從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如:比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown youThis is the way (that) /in which I do such things. 幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:that & which:在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.Thats the very word that is wrongly used.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that .1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:（了解）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個(gè)宜用which .1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them. (B) who & that:who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí). 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once4.I dont like the ones (= those ) who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時(shí). 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that ,另一個(gè)則宜用who, 以免重復(fù). 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .as & which:as & which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：位置的不同：which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.或As you know, Jack is an honest man.先行詞的不同：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行詞是一個(gè)詞） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.as 一般譯為正如就像，這一點(diǎn)as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語:（了解）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時(shí), 介詞必須放在句末.）This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：（了解）1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4. 翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為的字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。比較: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.訓(xùn)練題匯總六年高考題薈萃2010年高考題1. （10福建24） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 答案：B考點(diǎn)：定語從句解析：先行詞為planet，表示地點(diǎn)，故用where。 2. （10湖南28） Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which答案：A考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。解析：該空引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，且在從句中作met的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞who，即A項(xiàng)。3.（10江西31） The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what答案：A考點(diǎn)：考察定語從句。解析：先行詞為centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語或主語, 故要填狀語, 表地點(diǎn)用where。4. （10山東24） Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What答案：C考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。解析：句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機(jī)器?！笨崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定語從句并且在從句中作定語使用，所以使用whose。5. （10山東38） Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which答案：C考點(diǎn)：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句 解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future. 6.（10天津8） Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that答案：C. 考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。句意：你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20美元嗎？你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。解析：句中the barbers 是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所選關(guān)系代詞在從句中作狀語，所以要用where。7（10四川10）After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere答案：B考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。解析：此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個(gè)句子。句意為：“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時(shí)間去旅游，這結(jié)果證明是一個(gè)明智的決定?！?. （10全國24） As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 答案：A句意：還是孩子的時(shí)候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察從句，空格設(shè)置在名詞school后，且school后有逗號(hào)，此題考察非限定性定語從句。定語從句所修飾的先行詞是school，它在定于從句中做主語，因此使用關(guān)系代詞，選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞只有which和that，由于是非限定性定語從句，不能使用that，因此選擇A。9. （10江蘇32） The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 選D定語從句表示咖啡屋的墻10. （10陜西11）The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose答案：D. 考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項(xiàng)與題意不符。11. （10全國16） I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what答案：B考點(diǎn)：定語從句。解析：不定代詞something作主語，用that引導(dǎo)。12. （10湖北77） My mother was so proud of all _（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)答案：that I had done考點(diǎn)：定語從句解析：先行詞是 “all”的時(shí)候，定語從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo)，又因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^去時(shí)，“我”所做的事情是過去已經(jīng)完成的事情，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。14. （北京27） Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. thatwww. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing答案：B考點(diǎn): 本題考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞的選擇。解析：不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。較簡單。本定語從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系副詞。A中的What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。選B. whose誰的，符合題意。15.（重慶28）In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that答案C考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。解析： development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。16（10浙江3）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. AwhomBwhich CthemDthose答案：A考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。解析：由many之后的逗號(hào)和選項(xiàng)特征，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項(xiàng)。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。2009年高考題1.(09山東24)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that答案 B解析 本題考查連詞的用法，非限制性定語從句，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which.2.(09寧夏海南28)She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. whoC. whom D. these答案 C解析 考查定語從句中的非限制性定語從句。句意為：她帶著她的三個(gè)朋友，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)中沒有一個(gè)人我曾見過。表示“部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞” 在非限制性定語從句指人只能用whom。3.(09江蘇23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since答案 B解析 由于金融危機(jī)，當(dāng)?shù)匚逍羌?jí)酒店一晚收費(fèi)6000元的日子不復(fù)存在了。when引導(dǎo)的從句做days的定語。4.(09天津5)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever答案 C5.(09陜西11) Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which答案 C解析 考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。6.(09上海34)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums nowA. where B. when C. there D. which答案 A7.(09江西26)The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which答案 B 解析 本題考查定語從句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主語后面緊跟的是定語從句。8.(09四川20)Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when答案 C 9.(09遼寧23)Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprisingA. that B. whenC. what D. which答案 D解析 考查非限定性定語從句關(guān)系詞的辨析。此處意思是“我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)贏得了最后的三場比賽，這一點(diǎn)令人有點(diǎn)吃驚”，which代替上句“Theyve won their last three matches”做find的賓語，選D。A項(xiàng)不能用于非限制性定語從句中，B,C此處沒有他們的意思。10.(09福建24)Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where答案 D解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。11.(09浙江14)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why答案 B12.(09重慶34)Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 答案 D13.(09湖南26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose答案 D解析 考查定語從句。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，意思為這個(gè)城市的名字。14.(09全國17)My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it答案 A 解析 考查非限制性定語從句(這兒的which指代前面整句話內(nèi)容。)15.(09北京26)What do