重慶市北大附中重慶實驗學(xué)校高三英語《語法 虛擬語氣》課件.ppt

虛擬語氣的 四種形式 及 三點注意 高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法訓(xùn)練材料 虛擬語氣 作為日常交際應(yīng)用中常常會出現(xiàn)的一種語言現(xiàn)象 一直是高考題幾乎年年都要考到的一個熱點 但對于中國學(xué)生來說 它又是一個難點 無怪乎許多學(xué)生學(xué)完虛擬語氣后 常常會嘆道 iftherewerenosubjunctivemood english mucheasier a willbeb wouldhavebeenc couldhavebeend wouldbe 一 掌握虛擬語氣的四種主要形式 1 條件從句 主句 2 幾個常用虛擬語氣的句型 3 wish asif及ifonly的虛擬形式 4 itistimethat的虛擬形式二 注意虛擬語氣的三種活用現(xiàn)象 1 含蓄條件句 2 時間錯綜句 3 虛實錯綜句 1 therice ifyouhadbeenmorecareful a wouldnotbeburningb wouldnotburnc wouldnothaveburntd wouldnotburnt2 ifmylawyer herelastsaturday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented3 ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome4 forthefreetickets iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften a ifitisnotb wereitnotc haditnotbeend iftheyhavenot5 youdidn tletmedrive ifwe inturn you sotired a drove didn tgetb drove wouldn tgetc weredriving wouldn tgetd haddriven wouldn thavegot 6 ifshehadworkedharder she a wouldsucceedb hadsucceededc shouldsucceedd wouldhavesucceed7 ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnottakeb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken8 ifit tomorrow theywouldnotgotherebybike a willrainb rainsc wouldraind shouldrain9 itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheyangpubridge a wereb shouldc wouldd will10 ifi you iwouldnotdoit a amb werec shallbed being 1 動詞 賓語從句一個堅持 insist 兩個命令 order command 三個建議 suggest propose advise 四個要求 desire demand ask requireiproposethatwe should setadeadlineforhandingintheplans isuggestthatwe should setoffatonce iinsistedthatwe should decidewhattodowithhim 虛擬語氣形式 should 動詞原形 2 itis was 上述動詞的過去分詞 that主語從句itisdemandedthathe should leaveatonce itisrequestedthatshe should giveaperformanceattheparty 3 itis was important necessary better strange surprising natural possible apity nowonder that主語從句itisbestthathe should setoffatonce itisimportantthateverybody should betoldallthefacts 虛擬語氣形式 should 動詞原形 4 order等 be 表語從句myadviceisthatwe should sendforadoctor oursuggestionisthatyou should befirsttogo hisonlyrequestisthatyou should givehimmoretime 5 order等 同位語從句doyouknowtheorderthatyou should keepwatch 上述結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有 suggestion order proposal plan idea command request等 虛擬語氣形式 should 動詞原形 1 iinsistthatadoctor immediately a hasbeensentforb sendsforc willbesentford besentfor2 itissuggestedthatthejob doneinanotherway a wasb wastobec bed mustbe3 hehadanideathatwe bybike a shallgob goc wentd wouldgo4 mysuggestionisthatthemeeting offtilltomorrow a toputb beputc shouldputd beputting 5 theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free a did setb haddone shouldbesetc do besetd does wouldbeset6 itisnecessarythatyou presentatthediscussion a willbeb arec shouldbed wouldbe7 thebossgaveordersthatthework atonce a willbestartedb mustbestartedc bestartedd shouldstart8 theguardthereinsistedthateverybody therules a obeysb obeyc willobeyd wouldobey wish asif以及ifonly的虛擬形式 這幾個詞 詞組 表虛擬時 其后所用的虛擬形式與條件從句基本相同 即此陳述語氣中的時態(tài)后退一個時態(tài) 隨 時 變化的幾種用法 1 iwishi youyesterday a seenb didseec hadseend weretosee2 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken3 i dratherthatyou thereyesterdayand againnextweekend a went shouldcomeb shouldgo hadcomec hadgone camed go come4 thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears a shouldbeb wouldbec havebeend hadbeen5 iblamedheryesterday iwouldratheryou that a didn tdob hadn tdonec wouldn tdod shouldn tdo6 heisaverybraveman yes iwishi hiscourage a haveb hadc willhaved wouldhave itistimethat的虛擬形式itistimethat itishightimethat itisabouttimethat 謂語動詞的虛擬形式為 動詞過去式 be多為were itistime還可以有其他句型形式 需注意辨析 itistime forsb todosth itistimeforsth doingsth itisthefirsttimethat 從句用陳述語氣的現(xiàn)在完成時 1 itishightimeyou thebus a hadcaughtb caughtc willcatchd catch2 it sabouttimehe todothework a beginsb willbeginc begind began3 it shightimethatwe toschool a wouldgob wentc god willgo4 itistimewe upourresults a sumb summedc willsumd wouldsum 一 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句就是虛擬條件暗含在短語或上下文中 從句不表現(xiàn)出來 這時 必須根據(jù)句中表述的意義以及某些特定的信息詞 并依據(jù)前文所列舉的四種現(xiàn)象 來判斷此時須采用的形式 1 withoutelectricity humanlife quitedifferenttoday a isb willbec wouldhavebeend wouldbe2 yesterdayjanewalkedawayfromthediscussion otherwise she somethingshewouldregretlater a hadsaidb saidc mightsayd mighthavesaid withoutelectricity iftherewerenoelectricity 二 時間錯綜句從句與主句或上下文所表述的時間不一致 在這種情況下 我們切不可照搬某種形式 而應(yīng)該按照句中所表述的時間關(guān)系 再選擇相應(yīng)的虛擬形式 例如 ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday youwouldbetirednow 1 iftheflowerhadbeenwatered it now a wouldn tdieb isdeadc hadbeendeadd willnotdie2 ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday he tvnow a wouldwatchb wouldhavewatchedc wouldbewatchingd iswatching 三 虛實錯綜句所謂 虛實錯綜句 是指虛擬現(xiàn)象與客觀