高三英語二輪復習 專題一 人物傳記型閱讀理解精品課件 新課標.ppt

專題一人物傳記型閱讀理解 專題一人物傳記型閱讀理解 專題一 專題導讀 這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類 人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡 趣聞軼事 生活背景 個性特征 成長和奮斗歷程等 其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線 脈絡清楚 可讀性較強 因此 閱讀這類文章應該抓住時間線索來獲取有關信息 即主人公在某個時間做過什么 然后通過分析推理 綜合歸納的方法進行解題 專題一 專題導讀 短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是 這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生 發(fā)展或結局 有人物 時間 地點和事件 命題往往從故事的情節(jié) 人物或事件之間的關系 作者的態(tài)度及意圖 故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手 考查學生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力 閱讀這類材料時 同學們一定要根據主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意 同時抓住每一個細節(jié) 設身處地根據文章內容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖 根據情節(jié)展開想象 即使是碰到深層理解題也可迎刃而解 專題一 專題導讀 這兩類閱讀材料一般較長 即詞數多 而且命題也較多 特別是推理判斷題和事實理解題多 同學們在做此類閱讀理解題時往往是材料看得懂 題目不好做的感覺 因此 同學們在閱讀材料時要重點放在事情發(fā)展的過程和結果上 注意把握事件的發(fā)展進程及人物之間的關系 細節(jié)與主題的關系 用以說明人物性格特點的事實 作者的態(tài)度等 這些內容往往是推理判斷題的命題點 掌握了這些內容 同學們在做推理判斷題時 專題一 專題導讀 就不會以個人思維想象代替根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷 也只有這樣才不會以偏概全 至于事實細節(jié)題的解答 同學們切忌想當然或者憑印象 一定要找到文章中的原句 和題干進行比較 再做出正確選擇 專題一 真題典例 2011 山東卷 arthurmiller 1915 2005 isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury miller sfatherhadmovedtotheusafromaustria hungary drawnlikesomanyothersbythe greatamericandream however heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedinthegreatdepressionoftheearlyl930s 專題一 真題典例 miller smostfamousplay deathofasalesman isapowerfulattackontheamericansystem withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth inwillyloman theherooftheplay weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem willyis burntout andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment ifhecan tdothework thenheisnogoodtohisemployer thewagnercompany andhemustgo 專題一 真題典例 willyispainfullyawareofthis andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend whenitwasfirststagedin1949 theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews anditwonthetonyawardforbestplay thenewyorkdramacritics circleaward andthepulitzerprizefordrama itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards 專題一 真題典例 millerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinroxbury connecticut ontheeveningoffebruary10 2005 the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofdeathofasalesmanonbroadway 解析 本文是一篇人物簡介 主要介紹了著名的劇作家arthurmiller以及他的著名的作品deathofasalesman 專題一 真題典例 1 whydidarthurmiller sfathermovetotheusa a hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry b hewasattractedbythe greatamericandream c hehopedtomakehissonadramatist d hisfamilybusinessfailed 解析 b細節(jié)理解題 根據第一段miller sfatherhadmovedtotheusafromaustria hungary drawnlikesomanyothersbythe greatamericandream 可知他是受到greatamericandream的吸引才搬往美國的 專題一 真題典例 2 theplaydeathofasalesman a exposesthecrueltyoftheamericanbusinessworldb discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyc talksaboutthebusinesscareerofarthurmillerd focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness 解析 a細節(jié)理解題 根據第二段deathofasalesman isapowerfulattackontheamericansystem withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth 可知這部作品暴露了美國商業(yè)界的殘酷 專題一 真題典例 3 whatcanwelearnaboutwillyloman a hetreatshisemployerbadly b herunsthewagnercompany c heisavictimoftheamericansystem d heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues 解析 c推理判斷題 根據第二段最后herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend 可知他最終自殺了 由此可知他是美國制度的犧牲品 專題一 真題典例 4 afteritwasfirststaged deathofasalesman a achievedhugesuccessb wonthefirsttonyawardc waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmend wasseverelyattackedbydramatists 解析 a細節(jié)理解題 根據第三段whenitwasfirststagedin1949 itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards 可知這部作品在第一次演出時獲得了巨大的成功 專題一 真題典例 5 whatisthetextmainlyabout a arthurmillerandhisfamily b theawardsarthurmillerwon c thehardshiparthurmillerexperienced d arthurmillerandhisbest knownplay 解析 d主旨大意題 本文主要介紹了劇作家arthurmiller以及他的著名的作品deathofasalesman 所以答案為d 專題一 新題預測 一 benjaminbannekerwasbornafewmonthsbeforeanothergreatamerican georgewashington benjaminwasblack buthewasnotaslave heandhismotherandhisgrandmotherwerefree benjamin sgrandmothercamefromengland inamericashegotajobandworkedformanyyearstopayforherboattripacrosstheocean afterworkingmanymoreyears shesavedenoughmoneytobuyafarm benjaminlivedwithherforawhile shetaughthimtoreadandwriteanddoarithmetic 專題一 新題預測 benjamin sneighborsknewthathewasclever theywerenotsurprisedwhenhebuiltalargewoodenclock hemadeeachpieceafterstudyingasmallpocketwatch theclockmadehimfamous foritwasoneofthefirstclocksbuiltinamerica peoplefromotherplacesbegantosendhardproblemsofallkindsforbenjamintosettle thomasjeffersonlearnedofbenjaminbanneker sabilitytosettlehardproblems heaskedbannekertohelpbuildthecitythatwastobethecapitaloftheunitedstates washington d c 專題一 新題預測 bannekerworkedhardontheplansforthecity hemarkedwherethestreetsandbuildings thecapital 國會大廈 thewhitehouse andmanyothers shouldbebuilt later l enfant thefrenchmanwhohaddesignedthenewcity hadaquarrel andwentbacktofranceinanger hetookalloftheplanswithhim theworkmencouldn tbuildwithoutanyplanstofollow 專題一 新題預測 forawhileitseemedthattheplansforthecapitalmighthavetobechanged butbenjaminbannekerrememberedtheplanshehadhelpeddraw hedreweachagainjustasheoncehadbuilteachpieceofhisclock ifitweren tforbenjaminbanneker washington d c mightlookverydifferentfromthewayitdoestoday 解析 本文是人物介紹 全文介紹了黑人設benjaminbanneker 專題一 新題預測 1 benjaminbannekerisrememberedtothisdaymainlybecause a hemadeoneofthefirstclocksinamericab heusedtobeanassistanttol enfant whohaddesignedthecitywashingtonc hedesignedthecitywashingtonwhenl enfantleftd hewasabletobuildthecitywashingtonasl enfantleftwithhisplans 專題一 新題預測 解析 d主旨大意題 全文敘述了banneker做了兩件事 制造了美國最早的鐘表之一 設計了美國首都華盛頓 顯然前者不如后者名聲大 專題一 新題預測 2 whenbannekerbuiltalargewoodenclock a peopleinamericashowednosurpriseb hisnamespreadalloveramericac hebecamethefirstmaninamericatobuildaclockd peoplecamefromotherplacestocongratulatehim 解析 b細節(jié)理解題 從theclockmadehimfamous 及下句得此答案 a有一定干擾性 people應改為hisneighbors 專題一 新題預測 3 thomasjeffersonaskedbannekertohelpbuildthecitywashingtonbecausehewastoldthatbannekerwas a famousb cleverc hard workingd serious 解析 b細節(jié)理解題 從上一句thomasjeffersonlearnedofbenjaminbanneker sabilitytosettlehardproblems得知 jefferson欣賞banneker的聰明才智 專題一 新題預測 4 inbuildingthecitywashington bannekershowed a hehadagoodmemoryb hewasnevertiredofworkingc hefearednodifficultiesd hewasgoodatdrawing 解析 a推理判斷題 從第六段和第七段我們知道 在l enfant帶走所有計劃圖以后 banneker仍能記住計劃圖的內容 因此我們說他有很好的記憶力 專題一 新題預測 二 thinkofsomeofyourfavoritesingers whenyoulisten theycanmakeyouhappyorsad peacefulorangry theycanmakeyourelaxorwanttogetupanddance giftedsingershavethepowertoaffectusinmanyways emotionally physicallyandmentally butbecomingagreatsingerisn taseasyaslisteningtoone ittakespractice devotionandstronglungs justaskthewell knownamericanopera 歌劇 starcarolvaness 專題一 新題預測 atthemetropolitanoperainnewyorkcitywheresheoftensings carol svoicemustbeloudenoughtobeheardbyfourthousandpeople itmustreacheverypersoninthetheater withoutamicrophone evenwhenshe ssingingsoftly thereasoncarolcanprojecthervoicethatfaristhewayshebreathes whenyoubreathe it slikeaswimmertakingadeepbreathbeforegoingunderwater carolexplains youhavetotakealotofairintoyourlungs 專題一 新題預測 accordingtocarol themaindifferencebetweenpopsingingandoperais howyoubreathe howmuchairyoutakein andhowyoucontrolitcomingout regularsingingismorelikespeaking andit salotsofter whenisingforchildren they reoftensurprisedbyhowthevibrationsstriketheirears likewavesonabeach carolsays inopera theairdoesn tjustgooutofyourmouth itvibratesinyourchest thewayaguitarvibrateswhenit splayed 專題一 新題預測 eversinceshestartedpianolessonsattheageoften carolhaslovedmusic asshegotolder shedecidedtobecomeamusicteacher whenshewenttocollege shetooksinginglessonsaspartofherstudies hervoiceteacherdiscoveredthatnineteen year oldcarolhadanexceptionallybeautifulsopranovoice thehighestsingingvoiceforwomen 專題一 新題預測 caroldecidedtomakeoperahergoal notonlybecauseshelovedtosingbutalsobecauseshelovedthedrama operaisaplayinwhichthecharacterssingthewordsinsteadofspeakingthem thestoriesofoperacanbetragicorcomical theycanbepersonalstoriesabouttwopeoplefallinginloveorgrandstoriesaboutkingsandqueenswholivedlongago asthecharactersinanoperasing theemotions 情感 expressedbywordsandmusiccometolife 專題一 新題預測 today carolperformsthroughouttheunitedstatesandeuropeandshehassungforalmosttwentyyears butshehasneverforgottenwhereshestartedsinginginthefirstpalace put your heart into your singingandenjoyit sayscarol becausesingingisagreatjoy that swhyising infact that swhyeverybodysings 解析 通讀全文 本文是人物介紹 全文介紹了美國著名的歌劇明星carolvaness的成長經歷 以及她對歌劇中用聲的看法 專題一 新題預測 1 accordingtothepassage themetropolitanoperainnewyorkcity a isafive storybuildingb canseat4 000peoplec hasnomicrophoneinitd canprojectthesinger svoice 解析 b細節(jié)理解題 從carol svoicemu