英語(yǔ)必修1-2語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí).ppt

幫你復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法 直接英語(yǔ)和間接英語(yǔ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 一 句型的變化 一 如果直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句 間接引語(yǔ)一般是用that來(lái)引導(dǎo) 口語(yǔ)中that?？梢允÷?Iliketolistentorockmusic saidPeter Petersaidthathelikedtolistentorockmusic 溫馨提示 如果直接引語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的陳述句并列時(shí) 第一個(gè)that可以省略 后面一個(gè)不能省略 以免引起歧義 如 Theteachersaid Thetextisveryimportant Youshouldlearnitbyheart Theteachersaid that thetextisimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart 二 如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)常變?yōu)橛蓋hether if引導(dǎo) 而且要用陳述句語(yǔ)序 如 1 Theboyaskedhismother CanIgotoplayfootballwithmyfriendsonSaturday Theboyaskedhismotherwhether ifhecouldgotoplayfootballwithhisfriendsonSaturday 2 Willyougotothemuseumthisweekendornextweekend LiHuaaskedme LiHuaaskedmewhether ifIwouldgotothemuseumthisweekendorthenextweekend 三 如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句 間接引語(yǔ)用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo) 而且用陳述句語(yǔ)序 如 Howmuchtimedoyouspendonthehomework heaskedme HeaskedmehowmuchtimeIspentonthehomework 四 如果間接引語(yǔ)是表示請(qǐng)求 提議 建議 勸告等意義的問(wèn)句 要借助其他句型結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá) 如 1 Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhileyouareintheoffice Hesaidtome HeaskedmetobuyhimsomestampswhileIamintheoffice 2 Whydon tyoucomeandplayfootballwithme Heasked Headvisedmetoplayfootballwithhim 溫馨提示 表示請(qǐng)求 勸告時(shí) 通常用 ask advise want等 賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式 結(jié)構(gòu) 五 如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句 間接引語(yǔ)要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改 即改為 tell ask order warn advise等 sb not todosth 如 1 Thepolicemansaidtothechildren Don tplayfootballinthestreet Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet 2 Listentomecarefully please theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully 溫馨提示 如果祈使句中出現(xiàn)了please 在間接引語(yǔ)中必須省略 六 如果直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 用what how或that來(lái)引述 如 Whatabeautifulhouseitis hesaidtome Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse 二 時(shí)態(tài)的變化 一 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí) 則間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)不變 如 Hesays I mtootired Hesays that heistootired 二 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí) 則間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)榕c過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài) 具體變化如下 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 1 Theoldmansaid GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina TheoldmansaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinChina 2 WangLiniswaitingforyououtsideoftheschoolgate LiFangsaidtome LiFangtoldmethatWangLinwaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate 溫馨提示1 當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述的是客觀事實(shí) 科學(xué)真理 格言或諺語(yǔ) 重復(fù)出現(xiàn)或現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不變化 如 1 Hesaid Theearthtravelsaroundthesun Hesaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 2 Failureisthemotherofsuccess Theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess 溫馨提示2 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must need oughtto hadbetter等 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式不變 如 1 Hesaid Youhadbetteraskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble HesaidthatIhadbetteraskforhelpwhenIwasintrouble 三 人稱代詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)中作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞或其他物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的變化 一般情況下要遵循以下幾條原則 一 直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 要和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致 如 CanIuseyourbikeforamoment theboysaidtome Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemybikeformoment 二 直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 要和主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致 如 TheteacheraskedJoan Whyareyoulateagain TheteacheraskedJoanwhyshewaslateagain 三 直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)人稱不變 如 Heaskedme HowlonghasTeddystayedinChina HeaskedmehowlonghasTeddystayedinChina 四 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化 一 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say said 的不變 是saidtosb 常變?yōu)閠oldsb 如 Hesaidtohisfriend Iamgladtoseeyou Hetoldhisfriendthathewasgladtoseehim 二 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句 一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句 said變?yōu)閍sked saidtosb 變?yōu)閍skedsb 如 Howcanyoudothat MarysaidtoBetty MaryaskedBettyhowshecoulddothat 三 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱選則beg advise ask tell order warn等 如果祈使句是否定句 還需在不定式符號(hào)to前加not 如 Isaidtoher Pleasepassmeaglassofwater Iaskedhertopassmeaglassofwater Shesaid Don tsmokeinthepublicplace Shetoldmenottosmokeinthepublicplace 四 直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) 引述動(dòng)詞常用tell exclaim或say等 如 Howwellhelooks hesaid Heexclaimedhowwellhelooked Hesaidthathelookedwell 五 指示代詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和方向性動(dòng)詞的變化 一 指示代詞的變化thisthatthesethose但有時(shí)如果所說(shuō)的東西就在眼前 也可不變 如 Hesaid Ilikethisbook Hesaidthathelikedthisbook 書在眼前 二 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化todaythatdaythismorning afternoon etc thatmorning afternoon etc yesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthefollowing nextdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaternextweek month etc thenextweek month etc lastweek monththeweek monthbeforenowthen 如果引述的時(shí)間和說(shuō)話時(shí)間相同 如就在同年 同月 同日 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可不變 如 MrBlacksaid IvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalltheyearbefore MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear 三 地點(diǎn)和方向性動(dòng)詞的變化heretherecomego如果說(shuō)話人所在地和引述地點(diǎn)相同 here come也可不變 如 Hesaid Iwillcomeherethisevening Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethisevening 同時(shí)同地引述 Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatevening 鞏固練習(xí) 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)或直接引語(yǔ)1 Hesaidtome Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek He methat aletterto parents 2 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest mothersaidtoherdaughter Mother herdaughterthatthesun uptheeastand inthewest toldhehadwritten histheweekbefore told rises sets 3 Don tbelateagain Jim saidtheteacher Theteacher belateagain 4 HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter heasked Heaskedme thefilmHarryPotter 5 MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish improve spokenEnglish MrWangsaidtothestudents toldJimnotto ifIhadseen Howcanyouyour GrammarII定語(yǔ)從句 1 定語(yǔ)從句的分類2 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞3 關(guān)系詞的實(shí)質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況6 as引導(dǎo)的兩種定語(yǔ)從句 3 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指 關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞 先行詞 4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 原因的名詞 day time place factory reason等作先行詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 用when where why 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 就用that或which 5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介詞與定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞是一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整體中的部分 時(shí) 用介詞of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介詞 關(guān)系代詞練習(xí) 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣 這本書就是我丟的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書 定語(yǔ)從句 這本書如此有趣 大家都喜歡 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1 定語(yǔ)從句的分類2 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞3 關(guān)系詞的實(shí)質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況6 as引導(dǎo)的兩種定語(yǔ)從句 3 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指 關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞 先行詞 4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 原因的名詞 day time place factory reason等作先行詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 用when where why 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 就用that或which 5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介詞與定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞是一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整體中的部分 時(shí) 用介詞of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介詞 關(guān)系代詞練習(xí) 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣 這本書就是我丟的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書 定語(yǔ)從句 這本書如此有趣 大家都喜歡 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 GrammarIII被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 3 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) was weredone has havebeendone will begoingto bedone 4 進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be beingdone Choosetherightanswers 1 Thenewfactory inourcitylastyear builtB hasbuiltC isbuildingD wasbuilt2 Thiskindofmachine cuttingpaper A usesforB isusingforC isusestoD isusedfor3 Weknowthatthiskindofbike inShenzhen ismadeB makesC ismaking4 Thisdressis silk makeofB madeofC madein 5 Beijingwill beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes A coverB coverwithC becoveredD becoveredwith6 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingsintoit A bestoppedtothrowB bestoppedfromthrowingC stoptothrowD stopfromthrowing7 Thiswork nextMonday A mayfinishB finishC finishesD maybefinished8 Thekey forlockingtheclassroomdoor A usesB isusedC isusingD use MultipleChoice 1 Ifthework youcangoandplaygames A finishedB hasfinishedC willbefinishedD isfinished 2 Itwasrainingheavilyoutside thechildrenweremade intheclassroom 4 Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful rubbish intotheriver A nee