2013 高考英語增分錦囊--- 完形填空滿分絕技.doc

2013 高考英語增分錦囊- 完形填空滿分絕技 高考考綱解讀完形填空題的特點是篇幅小，但起點高，題量大，字?jǐn)?shù)在250-350之間。完形填空的選材近年來為第一人稱為主的夾敘夾議勵志型材料，具有極強(qiáng)的時代意義和真切的現(xiàn)實意義。完形填空考查考生對語法，詞匯，習(xí)語，句型，搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運用能力和短文的閱讀理解能力，靈活運用語言知識的能力并且根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。 高考命題聚焦 整個語篇和上下文語境邏輯關(guān)系的考查 語法知識和靈活運用的考查 特定語境中詞語辨析和應(yīng)用的考查 固定搭配和慣用法的考查 高考考向探秘考查重點語境邏輯關(guān)系的理解 語境深層含義的理解 情景或態(tài)度的理解考查難點深層化理解 語境化理解 信息整合化理解考查熱點語境分析理解 深層推斷理解 全文整合理解 高考聚焦題型【題型1】主旨題：通過線索判斷體裁，借助關(guān)鍵信息，推斷主旨大意，掌握寫作思路，鎖定話題方向?！镜淅縎oon it would be the holidays, but before that, there were year exams. All the _1_ had been working hard for some time, reviewing their lessons for the exams. If they didnt _2_, they would have to retake in September. There were usually a few who _3_, but Jane didnt want to be one of them. She had worked hard all year, _4_ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was _5_ about her. 1. A. teachers B. students C. classmates D. schools 2. A. prepare B. miss C. join D. pass 3. A. succeeded B. failed C. ended D. called 4. A. but B. so C. or D. becaus 5. A. excited B. frightened C. worried D. pleased【分析】考查主旨判斷。通過句首閱讀，捕捉關(guān)鍵信息，確定體裁，推斷題材，提煉主題。1. B。根據(jù)“reviewing their lessons for the exams”推斷，此空應(yīng)填students,而classmates表述不清。2. D。一般來說，如果一位學(xué)生考試不及格，就要補(bǔ)考。由“have to retake”推斷，應(yīng)用pass。3. B。由“Jane didnt want to be one of them”和前一句話可知，應(yīng)用failed。4. A。前后形成對比，此處意為：她一刻苦學(xué)習(xí)整整一年了，可是臨考前還是很努力。應(yīng)用but。5. C。根據(jù)上下文間的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，看到Jane學(xué)習(xí)這么努力，她姐姐Barbara自然擔(dān)心她。Worry about sb.“擔(dān)憂某人”，故用worried。【點撥】考查依據(jù)句首，判斷主旨?！绢}型解密】閱讀首句可知，本文是一篇記敘文。接下來作者一定要描述有關(guān)考試的事情。所以，做題時，一定要依據(jù)平常應(yīng)付考試時的表現(xiàn)和一般心理感受，把詞匯鎖定在與考試有關(guān)的單詞或短語上?！绢}型2】細(xì)節(jié)題：通過素材梳理細(xì)節(jié)類別，利用句首判斷細(xì)節(jié)對象?！镜淅?】I was born and brought up in the small town of Pineville, which I left at the age of sixteen. Twenty years _1_ I found myself back on a visit. I went to see my _2_ friend Tom Clark, who _3 _as ever, was chairman of the local club.1. A. ago B. later C. earlier D. before 2. A. new B. old C. forgotten D. welcome 3. A. active B. lazy C. brave D. shy【分析】考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。利用句首判斷時間和地點。1.B。2. B。 3. A。 句首大意：我在Pineville出生并長大成人，16歲離開了該城。很顯然，這是一篇記敘文，記敘了過去發(fā)生的一件事。從句首提示可知，一定是在20年后，“我”去參觀，因此，第一空細(xì)節(jié)元素-時間，應(yīng)填later。因為作者離開家鄉(xiāng)一20多年了，所以家鄉(xiāng)的朋友已是老朋友了，故第二空背景元素，應(yīng)填old.第三空細(xì)節(jié)對象仍然與句首交代的時間背景有關(guān)，根據(jù)as ever可知，這位老朋友還是像以前一樣那么活躍，是當(dāng)?shù)鼐銟凡康闹飨?，故答案填active?！镜淅?】Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go into their offices, factories or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up _1_ in the morning and reach _2_ later in the evening.1. A. quickly B. early C. earlier D. earliest 2. A. home B. family C. flat D. house 【分析】考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。利用句首判斷時間和地點。1.B。2. A。 根據(jù)句首可知，許多人愿意住在倫敦城外面，乘坐火車，小汽車或公共汽車上下班或上學(xué)。由此可以推斷他們?yōu)榱松舷掳嗷蛏蠈W(xué)不遲到必須早起，而晚上則很晚才回家。因此第一空應(yīng)填earlier,第二空應(yīng)填home才符合細(xì)節(jié)要求?！军c撥】考查依據(jù)句首，判斷細(xì)節(jié)元素-時間和地點。【題型解密】閱讀首句可知，第一篇是一篇記敘文。接下來作者描述自己回到家鄉(xiāng)的見聞與感觸。因此，做題時，考生把詞匯鎖定在與家鄉(xiāng)見聞有關(guān)的單詞或短語上。第二篇是一篇說明文，講解London人的日常學(xué)習(xí)，工作和生活習(xí)慣，要扣住客觀需求和自然規(guī)律字眼的詞匯?！绢}型3】語境題：通過具體語境，進(jìn)行合理的分析，推理和判斷相互間依存的邏輯關(guān)系?！镜淅?】Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident and was taken to the hospital, and his parents were called for. They were very _1_ to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his _2_. For three days Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were _3_ that he might die. But on the fourth day Tom _4_ and spoke softly. His parents were _5_.The police by then had followed the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last.1. A. angry B. please C. shocked D. disappointed 2. A. school B. home C. hospital D. office 3. A. worried B. ready C. confident D. certain 4. A. felt sick B. got up C. fell asleep D. woke up 5. A. surprised B. calm C. glad D. puzzled【分析】考查褒貶語境關(guān)系，判斷是非曲直。1.C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C。這是一組典型的褒貶語境題。聽到兒子在交通事故中受傷，父母一定是很震驚了，故第1空用shocked; 并且急忙趕到醫(yī)院，第2空應(yīng)用hospital; 第3空交代父母擔(dān)心他可能會死，只能用worried;第4空前面的連詞But暗示此處要用woke up.看到兒子醒來后，父母肯定感到高興，故用glad。 【點撥】褒貶的語言情景關(guān)系的考查。【題型解密】幾乎每篇完形填空的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理狀態(tài)和情緒以及作者的寫作意圖。語境題在完形填空題中已占有一半題量，因此，利用好文章的語境關(guān)系就能對文章進(jìn)行的準(zhǔn)確地邏輯判斷，在理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息從而確定答案。其具體方法就是認(rèn)真讀原文，找出反映語境的標(biāo)志性的詞匯或句子，并大膽預(yù)測下文。【典例2】Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no children of his own, died and left a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate company. He found a nice office, bought a lot of things to _1_ it, and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours _2_ he heard someone _3_ towards the door of his office. “Its my first visitor!”He thought. He quickly _4_ the telephone up and pretended to be very _5_ answering an important call from someone in NewYork.1. A. supply B. furnish C. fill D. match 2. A. and B. then C. when D. suddenly 3. A. going B. walking C. approaching D. entering 4. A. hung B. answered C. picked D. brought 5. A. interested B. active C. busy D. fascinated【分析】這是一組典型的詞匯搭配題。1.B Dave找到了一間辦公室，需要買很多東西來裝飾一下，故用furnish,意為“在（房屋等）內(nèi)布置家具”。supply意為“提供”；fill意為“（使）充滿”；match意為“與相配”。2. C。此處要用when與前面的過去完成時連用，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此時的when意為“剛就”。3. B。此處意為：Dave聽到有人朝他辦公室門口走來。go意為“去，走”；approach和enter雖然意思上符合語境，但它們是及物動詞，后面不能接towards。4. C。此處意為：拿起了電話，應(yīng)填pick。pick up意為“拿起，舉起”；hang up意為“掛斷電話”；answer意為“回答，答復(fù)”，但后面不能跟介詞up;bring up“養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)”。5. C。 在語義上，這四個詞都可以用，但只有busy后面跟動詞-ing形式，表示“忙于做某事”。interested和active后面接“in doing”結(jié)構(gòu)，fascinated后面接by短語，故busy符合語境要求。 【典例3】When I graduated from high school I went _1_ to graduate from the the U.S. Naval Academy and later became an officer in the navy.The part of my job I _2_most was the counseling meeting I _3_ with the family members of the men and women in my _4_,trying to help them deal with the long periods of _5_. These proved popular and word of them spread.1. A. out B. on C. away D. off 2. A. took B. hated C. enjoyed D. did 3. A. ended B. began C. continued D. held 4. A. charge B. situation C. position D. choice 5. A. lessons B. meeting C. training D. separation【分析】這5道題均屬語境化選擇題。段落大意：“我”從美國海軍學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，成為了一名海軍軍官。這項工作中“我”最喜歡的部分是為“我”負(fù)責(zé)管理的男女士兵的家人舉行咨詢會，盡量幫助他們解決長期分居帶來的問題。1. B。從本句話的語義來看，應(yīng)用on。go on to do sth.表示“完成某時后接著做另一件事”。2. C。 I _ most是定語從句，先行詞是the part of my job,根據(jù)句意，do不能與part搭配，空格應(yīng)填enjoyed。3. D。I _ with the family members是定語從句，先行詞是counseling meeting,只有held符合搭配要求。4. A。通過語境可知，作者是一名海軍軍官，又根據(jù)搭配in my charge“有某人負(fù)責(zé)”進(jìn)行推斷。5. D。既是語境化試題又是甚或常識題。當(dāng)一名海軍就意味著要遠(yuǎn)離家人很長一段時間，故用separation。【點撥】考查習(xí)慣搭配的語境關(guān)系，避免只重語意?！绢}型解密】高考完形填空題中有少量的試題來考查習(xí)慣搭配。該題型難度中等，但使考生容易丟分，其原因是考生只注重語義，而忽略了詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配，所以考生在準(zhǔn)確把握語境的同時，更要注意所要填入的名詞，形容詞，動詞與空格前面或后面的詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配，尤其要注意介詞或副詞的搭配關(guān)系?！绢}型4】行文邏輯題：通過巧妙利用結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確判斷邏輯關(guān)系?！镜淅?】In the depth of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things have come to represent，in fact，what I call _1_ and love.1. A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry【分析】B?？疾槠叫嘘P(guān)系。句中and表示并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)后面的love可知，空格處要填一個相似范疇的名詞，所以首先排除anger和worry。而desire意為“渴望”，joy意為“快樂時光”，再結(jié)合語境，應(yīng)用joy?！镜淅?】 After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and _1_ some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animals foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a _2_ of the forest. But in the meantime, some people _3_ to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _4_ until one of the animals has been caught.1. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore 2. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study 3. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have 4. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correct 【分析】考查邏輯判斷。1.C。因為動作已經(jīng)逃走，也許會留下一些線索，所以科學(xué)家們回去只能是收集一些毛發(fā)。故只有collected符合語境邏輯關(guān)系。2. D。由上下文看出，這些科學(xué)家們集中力量來對這片森林進(jìn)行研究，一會的有用的資料，故用study。3. B。根據(jù)前面的But可知，此句子應(yīng)表示相反的意思，即有些人不相信這種動物會存在。refuse to believe意為“拒絕相信”。4. C。句意：有些人不相信，除非有一天真能抓住一只這樣的動物，由此判斷，real正確?！军c撥】對邏輯關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確判斷的考查。來源:學(xué)&科&網(wǎng)Z&X&X&K【題型解密】邏輯關(guān)系是指表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)特定，意思密切相連，語氣一致的詞組或句子組成的語言現(xiàn)象，其形式整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密，進(jìn)一步表達(dá)出語言的中心內(nèi)涵?！绢}型5】文化背景常識題：通過巧妙利用文中所滲透的文化，科學(xué)，歷史，地理，風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識，科學(xué)解題?！镜淅縏he real marathon (a long-distance running race of 42.195km) in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance _1_ any of them needed medical attention.“Were supposed to stay behind the _2_ runner, so take it slowly,”I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.The front-runners started to _3_ and then my eyes were _4_ to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.We knew we were already watching our “l(fā)ast runner”. Her _5_ were so crippled that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, let along run a marathon.1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if2. A. first B. best C. only D. last3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear4. A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught 5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body【分析】這是一組典型的文化背景常識考查題。1. B。 考查行文邏輯和句法功能。in case引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”。2. D。 考查行文邏輯。根據(jù)下文可知，作者與司機(jī)跟在“最后邊”一位選手之后，應(yīng)用last。3. C。 考查生活常識。根據(jù)上下文可知，左后一位選手受傷了，與前面的選手差距太大，自然當(dāng)有前面的選手開始“消失”時，作者才能注意到她。故應(yīng)用disappear。4. A。 考查詞匯知識。只“我”的眼睛被吸引，應(yīng)用draw。5. B。 考查生活常識。根據(jù)下半句可知，她幾乎不能走，因而她的腿應(yīng)該是受傷了，應(yīng)用legs。【點撥】對生活常識或背景知識準(zhǔn)確判斷的考查?！绢}型解密】完形填空題基本上都是獨立的語篇，它提供了完整的語言信息，其中有時夾雜著社會知識，自然知識或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等常識知識?？忌诮獯饡r，要積極地運用自己所掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利的解答試題?！绢}型6】語法詞匯題：通過巧妙利用文中所表達(dá)的語法現(xiàn)象和措詞形式等等方面的知識，順利解題。高考中，以動詞，名詞和形容詞為中心詞所構(gòu)成的詞組，為考查的重點；其骨架多為“動詞+介詞或副詞”；“形容詞+介詞”；“介詞+名詞”等詞組。既要了解它們的含義和用法，又要辨析異同?！镜淅?】At first his _1_ did not get across.“What was he walking about!”Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wifes orthopedic walker. I stood frozen as ice, but my face was on fire. I wanted to get into a hole and hide.1. A. idea B. praise C. message D. need【分析】C。考查同義詞辨析。idea指“注意，想法”；message則表示某人所要傳達(dá)的信息，本句中g(shù)et across意為“使理解”，所以它的主語應(yīng)與表示傳遞信息類的名詞有關(guān)，故用message?！军c撥】對常見同義詞或近義詞準(zhǔn)確用法的考查。【題型解密】加深語境理解，判斷在具體語境中對所學(xué)同義詞或近義詞的辨析和運用對象。【典例2】It is always ressuring, at times like these, when employees so clearly show their _1_ to their jobs.1. A. devotion B. donation C. connection D. reaction【分析】A?？疾樾谓~辨析。句意：有時候像這樣，當(dāng)員工們?nèi)绱嗣黠@地表現(xiàn)出他們對工作的忠于職守時，總是令人欣慰的。這四個詞都是以-tion結(jié)尾的形近詞。devotion 指“熱愛，忠誠”；donation“捐贈”，connection“聯(lián)系”，reaction“反應(yīng)”，根據(jù)句意推斷，應(yīng)用devotion。【點撥】對常見形近詞準(zhǔn)確用法的考查?！绢}型解密】加深語境理解，考查考生在具體語境中是否對能準(zhǔn)確地掌握所學(xué)詞匯的意義?！镜淅?】 “Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute _1_?”Cassie rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better that stupid idea.”1. A. followed B. covered C. attached D. supported【分析】C。考查語法和行文邏輯。此處要表示“將籃子系到降落傘上”，語法要求是要用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（with+名詞+-ed）。attach意為“粘連，系住”；follow “跟隨”，cover “覆蓋”，support “支持”，根據(jù)句意推斷，應(yīng)用attached?！镜淅?】A mining engineer enjoyed flying very much. One day, he was flying his own plane over a lonely island when a _1_ storm came, so he was _2_ to make a forced landing. The plane was in good _3_ but his legs and shoulder got _4_ hurt. After getting out of the plane with great _5_, he found nothing but high green hills _6_ the place. He lay there expecting to die.1. A. quick B. wonderful C. heavy D. sudden2. A. ordered B. forbidden C. permitted D. obliged3. A. condition B. relation C. action D. speed4. A. slightly B. seriously C. hardly D. luckily 5. A. pleasure B. attention C. difficulty D. achievement6. A. covering B. wrapping C. holding D. surrounding 【分析】這是一組典型的語境判斷和詞匯運用題。1. C。 語境題。從下文提到他緊急著陸可知，所遇到的風(fēng)暴一定很猛烈，故用heavy。2. D。 詞匯題。根據(jù)上文可知，此處他沒有辦法，只好著陸，用be obliged to表示“被迫”。3. A。 詞匯題。飛機(jī)狀態(tài)良好，但他的腿和肩受了傷。前后兩句形成了對比。in good condition“狀況良好”,符合語境。relation“關(guān)系”;action“行為”；speed“速度”，由此判斷，要用condition。4. B。 語境題。由“He lay there expecting to die”可推知，他所受的傷，較為“嚴(yán)重”，應(yīng)用seriously。5. C。 語境題。由于傷勢嚴(yán)重，所以從飛機(jī)出來時顯得十分“艱難”，應(yīng)用difficulty。6. D。 語境題。此為現(xiàn)場背景，意思為：四周群山環(huán)繞。結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)用suround“環(huán)繞”?！军c撥】對常見詞匯準(zhǔn)確用法的考查。【題型解密】加深語境理解，考查考生的詞匯量與詞匯運用能力。【典例5】 “I was looking _1_ thinking of what to buy, and I stopped to read the little cards on the Giving Trees”1. A. out B. over C. forward D. around【分析】1.D。 詞匯題。短語動詞搭配。look around“到處尋找；環(huán)視”;look over“瀏覽”；look out“小心，當(dāng)心”；look forward“向前看”，由此判斷，應(yīng)用look around?！镜淅?】I knew she had strict sleeping habits, but I thought she ought to be able to _1_some of this strictness.1. A. put up B. take up C. pick up D. give up【分析】1. D。 語境題。上句內(nèi)容和but暗示，此處應(yīng)用give up“放棄，剔除；改掉”。短語動詞take up“占用時間或空間；參加事務(wù)”；pick up“改善；好轉(zhuǎn)”；put up“建立；搭起”均與語境不符.【點撥】對短語動詞辨析的考查?！绢}型解密】短語動詞在完形填空題中時比較常見的，占有一定的比例。這類短語有兩種考查方式：一個是四個選項中只有一個搭配是正確的；四個選項的搭配不止一個正確，這時考生須借助上下文的意思作出適當(dāng)?shù)呐袛?。但有時介詞的搭配也少不了?！绢}型7】綜合推理判斷題：四個選項從詞匯搭配，語法角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞，句，段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，此時需要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的提示或暗示，對文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，理順句與句之間的關(guān)系，確定合理的答案?！镜淅?】When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites. At first their blood was not accepted. Later blood from the blacks was _1_ but was stored in a separate place from “white”blood.1. A. received B. accepted C. lost D. found【分析】B?？疾樵~復(fù)現(xiàn)。此空的前一句是“At first their blood was not accepted ”根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處仍要用accepted,一開始黑人的血不被接受，而后來被接受了。【點撥】原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，即同一概念重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。【典例8】It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you, but we are getting ready to leave now, and my wife needs her _1_ back.1. A. bag B. walker C. tray D. coat【分析】C?？疾樵~復(fù)現(xiàn)。前一句是:你的這個托盤架對你似乎很有用，但是，我們現(xiàn)在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盤”。根據(jù)前面部分出現(xiàn)的tray stand,他們是想拿回“我”誤拿的托盤。故tray正確。【點撥】原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，即同一概念重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。【典例9】I never felt so _1_ as I did that day,-poor.1. A. angry B. rich C. patient D. bitter【分析】B?？疾榉戳x詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。作者說出自己家很貧寒，但此時感覺在那天所得事在精神上是很“富有的。由此只有rich符合句意要求?！军c撥】同義詞，近義詞，反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！绢}型解密】同義詞，近義詞，反義詞是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表達(dá)方式或解釋性語言使上下文的意思得以連接起來。因此，做題時，應(yīng)充分注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語言。【典例10】“I have a brilliant design for our egg container! a protective one!”I said when Cassie arrived.“We can _1_ the egg with some butter cream.”1. A. protect B. replace C. carry D. mix【分析】B?？疾橥~復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文中的“a protective one”可知，此處要用protective的動詞形式protect“保護(hù)，防護(hù)”?！军c撥】同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！绢}型解密】對于上下文意思復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，可以借助于復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同根詞來補(bǔ)全信息，巧妙運用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，輕松選擇判斷?！镜淅?1】What is the _1_ of studying towns in this way?For me, it is _2_ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with ones own eyes. A _3_ visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive _4_ just reading about it in a guide-book.1. A. point B. view C. problem D. difficulty2. A. nearly B. simply C. generally D. hardly3. A. costly B. formal C. group D. personal4. A. from B. than C. through D. with 【分析】1. A?？疾樵~匯辨析。point意為“意圖，目的”，如Begin your work now. There is no point in wasting time.現(xiàn)在就開始你的工作吧，耗時間沒有用。2. B?？疾樵~匯辨析。nearly“幾乎”,generally“一般地”，hardly “幾乎不”都不符合題意。simply“僅僅，只不過”，作者以這種方式去了解一座城市的原因很簡單，僅僅是通過親眼看看，去感受以獲得更大的快樂。3. D?？疾檎Z境。根據(jù)上句內(nèi)容with ones own eyes提示，此處應(yīng)用per