巖土專業(yè)外語.doc

Part 2 Types of soillandslide滑坡 boulder漂石 cobble卵石gravelly sand砂石 coarse sand粗砂 medium sand中砂 fine sand細砂 silty sand粉土clayey soil粘性土 clay粘土silty clay粉質粘土sandy silt砂質粉土clayey silt粘質粉土 filled soil填土Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負）摩阻力field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強度low activity低活性strip footing條基 square spread footing方形獨立基礎 underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下臥層（土） sustained load持續(xù)荷載 reduced load折算荷載 casing套管 clay fraction 粘粒粒組 subgrade路基 well-graded soil級配良好土 poorly-graded soil級配不良土 sieve篩子 modulus of compressibility壓縮模量 coefficent of compressibility壓縮系數compression index壓縮指數swelling index回彈指數 geostatic stress自重應力 additional stress附加應力slip line滑移線 Part5 Excavation and dewatering of foundationdewatering降水 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn)bracing of foundation pit基坑圍護 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 retaining wall擋土墻 pore-pressure distribution孔壓分布dewatering method降低地下水位法vacuum well point真空井點 braced cuts支撐圍護braced excavation支撐開挖 braced sheeting支撐擋板Part 6 Deep foundation cast in-place pile灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁bored pile鉆孔樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴樁 belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩precast concrete pile預制混凝土樁 caisson foundation沉井（箱 )diaphragm地下連續(xù)墻 end-bearing pile端承樁 pile cap承臺 bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力low pile cap低樁承臺 high-rise pile cap高樁承臺 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力silent piling靜壓樁 uplift pile抗拔樁 anti-slide pile抗滑樁 efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數（） dynamic pile testing樁基動測 final set最后貫入度 dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗 pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗pile head=butt樁頭 pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭） pile spacing樁距 group action群樁作用 end bearing=tip resistance樁端阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側阻 pile cushion樁墊 pile driving(by vibration) 打樁（振動）pile pulling test拔樁試驗 pile shoe樁靴 pile noise打樁噪音 pile rig打樁機 Part 7 Ground treatmenttechnical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術規(guī)范 cushion method墊層法preloading method預壓法 dynamic compaction method強夯法 dynamic compaction replacement method強夯置換法 vibroflotation method振沖法 sand-gravel pile /pile-stone column砂石樁 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石樁 cement mixing pile水泥土攪拌樁 cement column 水泥樁 lime pile /lime column石灰樁 jet grouting method高壓噴射注漿法rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁lime-soil compaction pile /lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁 chemical stabilization method化學加固法 surface compaction method表層壓實法 surcharge preloading method超載預壓法 vacuum preloading method真空預壓法 sand wick method袋裝砂井法geofabric /geotextile土工織物 composite foundation復合地基 reinforcement method加筋法dewatering consolidation method降低地下水固結法 freezing and heating method冷熱處理法 expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理ground treatment in mountain area山區(qū)地基處理 collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理 pillow褥墊 sand drain砂井 root pile樹根樁 plastic drain塑料排水帶 stone column/gravel pile 碎石樁 (composite foundation) replacement ratio （復合地基）置換率 Part 8固結 consolidation principle of effective stress有效應力原理 Part 9 抗剪強度shear strength residual strength殘余強度 peak strength峰值強度 dilatation剪脹 effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度有效應力法 total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應力法 vane strength十字板抗剪強度unconfined compression strength無側限抗壓強度 effective stress failure envelope有效應力破壞包線 Part 10 Constitutive modelWork softening加工軟化Work hardening加工硬化Part 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soilPunching shear failure沖切破壞General shear failure整體剪切破壞Local shear failure局部剪切破壞Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基極限承載力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基容許承載力Part 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysisActive earth pressure主動土壓力Passive earth pressure被動土壓力Earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力Angle of repose休止角Safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數Slices method條分法Part 13 retaining wallCounter retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻Cantilever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻Cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻Gravity retaining wall重力式擋土Anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻Anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻Part 14 Soil testFalling head permeability test變水頭滲透試驗Compaction test擊實試驗Consolidated quick direct shear test固結快剪試驗Quick direct shear test快剪試驗Geotechnical model test土工模型試驗Centrifugal model test離心模型試驗Direct shear apparatus直剪儀Part 15 In situ testStandard penetration test (SPT) 標準貫入試驗Surface wave test(SWT) 表面波試驗Dynamic penetration test(DPT) 動力觸探試驗Static cone penetration test靜力觸探試驗Cross-hole test跨孔試驗Screw plate test螺旋板載荷試驗Pressuremeter test旁壓試驗Light sounding test輕便觸探試驗Deep settlement measurement深層沉降觀測Field permeability test現場滲透試驗In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位空隙水壓量測In-situ soil/rock test原位（土、巖石）試驗Direct shear test直剪試驗Direct simple shear test直接單剪試驗Dynamic triaxial test動三軸試驗Free(resonance) vibration column test自（共）振柱試驗Part 14 tunnelHorizontal gallery水平隧道Cut and cover明挖法Immersed tube沉管法Access tunnel入口隧道或引道隧道 Inclined shaft斜井 cavern洞室Natural cavern天然洞室 Artificial cavern人工洞室 Underground complex地下綜合建筑 Size,dimension尺寸Circular shape圓形 Horseshoe shape馬蹄形 Egg shape卵形 Box shape箱形 Inside shape內部凈空斷面形狀Outside or excavation shape開挖斷面形狀 Tunnel depth埋深 Cut and cover明挖回填 Shallow depth淺埋 Medium depth中埋 Deep depth深埋Very deep depth特深埋Ground investigation地質調查 Pilot tunnel導洞 Pilot bore調查孔或坑道pedestrian人行道 Water supply上水道Pressure or non pressure tunnels有壓與無壓隧洞 River diversion分水渠Storm water洪水 Aqueduct水渠navigation航道 Sewerage下水道District heating地域暖氣Ventilation通風 Generating station發(fā)電所 storage儲藏 Defence,protection人防 Invert arch仰拱 floor底板roof拱部或拱頂部crown拱頂 Springer拱腳 shoulders拱肩key剎尖wall邊墻 feet墻腳 face開挖面或掌子面bend曲隅部Face,front正面部access入口部 portal洞門 junction接頭部bifurcation分岔部Opening window開口部 enlargement加寬部 Recess避難洞Surrounding rock圍巖hydrogeology水文地質學Seismicity地震活動Geophysical investigation地質物理調查Laboratory test室內試In situ test現場試驗Probing ahead事前調查Geologic exploration地質勘探Nature of ground圍巖的性質 Hard rock硬巖 Sound rock完整巖石Weathered rock風化巖 Fissured rock破碎巖Soft ground軟弱圍巖 Plastic ground塑性圍巖Running ground流動圍巖Decompressed zone減壓區(qū)Mixed ground混合圍巖boulder卵石 seam夾層 bedding層理 Impervious ground不透水圍巖Pervious ground透水圍巖alteration風化，蝕變permeability透水性 Ground water地下水moisture濕度 karst巖溶 fault斷層Ground character圍巖的物理力學性質abrasivity磨損度solubility溶解度Drillability可鉆性Compressive strength抗壓強度Tensile strength抗拉強度Shear strength抗剪強度Internal friction內摩擦力cohesion粘結力swelling剪脹Ground pressure地壓Impact resistance沖擊阻力 Porosity ratio孔隙率Economic study經濟比較Uplift浮力二. 土的分類 1.residual soil殘積土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土礦物 4.secondary minerals次生礦物 6.bore hole columnar section鉆孔柱狀圖 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地質勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand礫砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand細砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 18.silty clay粉質粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂質粉土 21.clayey silt粘質粉土 28.zonal soil區(qū)域性土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黃土 三. 土的基本物理力學性質 24.degree of saturation飽和度 30.compactness密實度 32.optimum water content最優(yōu)含水量 33.three phase diagram三相圖 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒組 36.sieve analysis篩分 37.hydrometer analysis比重計分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均勻系數 四. 滲透性和滲流 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流網 10.seepage force滲透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 五. 地基應力和變形 1.soft soil軟土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負）摩阻力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強度 6.low activity低活性 13.contact stress (pressure)接觸應力（壓力） 18.strip footing條基 19.square spread footing方形獨立基礎 25.reduced load折算荷載 28.casing套管 30.clay fraction粘粒粒組 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil級配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil級配不良土 35.normal stresses正應力 37.principal plane主平面 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固結壓力 44.modulus of compressibility壓縮模量 46.compression index壓縮指數 47.swelling index回彈指數 48.geostatic stress自重應力 49.additional stress附加應力 50.total stress總應力 51.final settlement最終沉降 52.slip line滑動線 六. 基坑開挖與降水 1 excavation開挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn) 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑圍護 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall擋土墻 7 pore-pressure distribution孔壓分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井點系統(tǒng)（輕型） 10 deep well point深井點 11 vacuum well point真空井點 12 braced cuts 支撐圍護 13 braced excavation支撐開挖 14 braced sheeting支撐擋板 七. 深基礎-deep foundation 1)cast in-place灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁 bored pile鉆孔樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile機控異型灌注樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴樁 2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎 drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile預制混凝土樁 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻 4.friction pile摩擦樁 5.end-bearing pile端承樁 8.pile caps承臺（樁帽） 10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗 13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力 14.low pile cap低樁承臺 15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力 17.silent piling靜力壓樁 18.uplift pile抗拔樁 19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁 20.pile groups群樁 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應 23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術 24.final set最后貫入度 25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗 26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗 27.pile head=butt樁頭 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭） 29.pile spacing樁距 30.pile plan樁位布置圖 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置 35.pile cushion樁墊 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振動）打樁 37.pile pulling test拔樁試驗 38.pile shoe樁靴