不帶to的不定式用法.doc

不帶to的不定式用法動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，它具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，因此在句子里用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。但在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式又往往不帶to，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)不定式不帶to的用法大致綜述如下：1用在感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后，作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：We often heard them sing我們常常聽(tīng)到他們唱歌。I saw her walk into the headmasters office我看見(jiàn)她走進(jìn)了校長(zhǎng)辦公室。2用在使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have等后，作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：What makes you think Im a farmer？你怎么認(rèn)為我是一個(gè)農(nóng)民？Now let me hear you play現(xiàn)在讓我聽(tīng)你演奏。Ill have my brother repair the radio for you我要讓我哥哥給你修理收音機(jī)。注意：感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to和使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式作為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則要帶to。如：She was heard to sing in the next room有人聽(tīng)到她在隔壁房間里唱歌。3用在had better，had best（最好），would rather（寧愿）,may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不,必然,不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好),等結(jié)構(gòu)后，詞不定式不帶to。如：Id better go and look for him我最好現(xiàn)在就去找他。Youd best get there before lunch你最好午飯前到達(dá)那兒。We would rather wait till tomorrow我們寧愿等到明天。4兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上句法功能相同的動(dòng)詞不定式并列使用時(shí)，通常只是第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式帶to，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式則不帶to。如：So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough因此他決定去買(mǎi)點(diǎn)咳嗽藥。They began to read and write他們開(kāi)始讀和寫(xiě)。5用在“Will you please+動(dòng)詞不定式”一類(lèi)表示邀請(qǐng)或命令的句型中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：Will you please bring me some chicken？請(qǐng)你給我?guī)c(diǎn)雞肉來(lái)好嗎？Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow？請(qǐng)你讓她明天給我打個(gè)電話好嗎？6用在由“Why”或“Why not”一類(lèi)表示建議的句型中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：Why not join us？（Why wont you join us？）為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來(lái)呢？Why spend so much money？為什么花這么多錢(qián)呢？7用在助動(dòng)詞will，shall，would，do和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，may，must，need，dare等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：I can sing in English我會(huì)用英語(yǔ)唱。I think itll fit me quite well before long我想這（件大衣）很快就會(huì)合身的。Unfair！How dare you say that？不公平！你怎么敢這么說(shuō)？注意：ought to，have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to。如：The girl doesnt dare to swim in the river這女孩不敢在河里游泳。8用在動(dòng)詞help后作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式既可以帶to，也可以不帶to。如：Will you help me repair my bike？請(qǐng)你幫我修理一下自行車(chē)好嗎？Li Ping often helps me（to）do my lessons李平經(jīng)常幫助我做功課。9用在do anything（nothing，everything）but或except一類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：Cant you do anything but ask silly questions？難道你只會(huì)提些愚蠢的問(wèn)題嗎？There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops除了靜候雨停之外別無(wú)辦法。9）在make do(make do with v.設(shè)法應(yīng)付;make do without在沒(méi)有.的情況下,設(shè)法應(yīng)付過(guò)去), make believe (假裝,假扮), let drop(使跌下,丟下), let fall (放下(吊橋等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.發(fā)射,猛烈,攻擊), let slip(v.放走,松開(kāi),錯(cuò)過(guò),無(wú)意中說(shuō)出), let drive at (,v.對(duì)準(zhǔn)打),let go of (釋放,放開(kāi)), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：They let go of the rope。他們松開(kāi)了繩子。John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。10)當(dāng)What one does/did ;The first thing one should do