主謂一致巧解口訣.doc

主謂一致巧解口訣1.連詞詞組連主語，“就近原則”是一般。 常見連詞詞組有 neither nor /either or /whether or / not only but also / not but等等，這些連詞連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最鄰近的主語一致。如： Not only you but also I am a student.Are either you or I mad?2.若是and來相連，“兼職、并列”細(xì)分辨。 and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，例： the teacher and the writer為并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，而 the teacher and writer則是一人兩重身份，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。如： The principal and party secretary is to make a speech this afternoon.The teacher and writer is coming here.但有時(shí)兩種職業(yè)不可能由一人擔(dān)任。如： The doctor and nurse are doing their work。不能按兼職對待，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 3.“There be”句型并不難，謂語動(dòng)詞按前邊。 該句型為倒裝句，因此“ be”的單復(fù)數(shù)按后邊的主語。如： There is a student in the classroom。但如果有兩個(gè)以上主語則按“就近原則”。如： There is a table and two chairs in the room.4.集體名詞作主語，“整體、個(gè)體”認(rèn)真看。集合名詞作主語時(shí)，若作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若側(cè)重指組成該集合的成員或個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見集體名詞有 family / team / class / audience / couple / firm/等等。如： The team is at the bottom of the third division.The team are full of energy.但“ cattle, police, people, militia”作主語常用復(fù)數(shù)；而“ machinery, furniture, jewelry”雖也是總稱，卻常用單數(shù)。 5.主語后面有介短，謂語動(dòng)詞看前。 在主語后有 as well as / not to mention / along with / besides / except / but / in addition to /等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的真正主語一致。如： Tom together with his two sisters is watching TV。6.是“一”是“二”要分清，“眉須”齊抓絕不行。疑問代詞或疑問副詞并列使用時(shí)，要注意它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)問題的兩個(gè)方面還是兩個(gè)問題。如： When and where to build the new factory is not decided.When to build the new factory and where to build the new factory havent been decided.7.固定結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，道理不講自分明。 當(dāng) each and each , every and every , no and no , many a and many a , more than one, many a等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列的主語或修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： More than one student was late for the class this morning.Each boy and each girl is asked to hand in their homework in time.8.莫把原形當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)，精力集中別發(fā)蒙。 以 s結(jié)尾的國名、地名、書名、團(tuán)體、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞和以 ics結(jié)尾的表學(xué)科名稱的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。常見的詞有 news， the United States, Sons and Lovers（書名）， economics, physics, politics, mathematics等。如： Economics is the science of choice.Here is good news for you.9.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)不難辨，真正內(nèi)涵后面觀。如： Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.Over 80% of the population of China are peasants.10.非謂、從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一律單。非謂語動(dòng)詞即動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般也用單數(shù)。但是 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于表語的單復(fù)數(shù)。如： Planting vegetables needs constant watering.What we need badly here is more time.What we need badly here are doctors.11. 不定代詞按單數(shù)，偶復(fù)情況記牢固。 常見不定代詞有： everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody 等。如： Is everybody here? All is worked by the computer here. 但 None of the students is / are listening to his / their teacher. All are here. all 指人時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。 12. “ the + 形容詞”指一類，不懂內(nèi)涵定不會(huì)。 the 加上形容詞或分詞如 old, young, rich, poor, blind, weak, dead, wounded, disabled, injured 等表一類人，其意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 the 加上以 -sh, -ese, -ch 等結(jié)尾的表示國家、民族的形容詞，也表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The young are full of energy. The Chinese are kind and friendly. 13. 體積與距離，金錢和時(shí)間，整體對待不能變。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough. Three thousand miles is too far to travel. 14. 定語從句要細(xì)看，定誰就按誰來變。 關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which 在定語從句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞決定。如： This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. （先行詞為 rooms ） She is the only one of the girls who is willing to take a make-up exam. （先行詞為 one ） 15. 以上情況為一般，易混情況記心間。 主謂一致還有很多容易混淆的情況，“ a number of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，“ the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： The number of students in our class is 40. A number of students in our class spent their spring festiva