黑龍江省大慶外國(guó)語學(xué)校高一英語 知識(shí)點(diǎn) B2M3學(xué)案（教師版） 外研版.doc

黑龍江省大慶外國(guó)語學(xué)校高一英語 知識(shí)點(diǎn) b2m3學(xué)案（教師版） 外研版3.1 知識(shí)精練fill in the blanks with the given words in the text.change their form if necessary.know compose change go talent impress music popular encouragehaydn,mozart,beethoven were all the world famous musicians.haydn is _ as “the father of the symphony”.he _ other composers symphonies into a long piece for a large orchestra.mozart had _talent from an early age.he started _ music when he was five.when haydn met him first,he was deeply _ with mozarts _.when haydn met beethoven,he _ beethoven to vienna.later beethoven became very _ in austrian capital.he composed many famous pieces even after he began to _deaf.答案：known changed musical composing impressed talent encouraged popular go【例3】 _the red paint with blue,you will get another kind of beautiful paint of different color.a.mixedb.mixingc.mixd.to mix解析:此處主語是you,所以mix這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)是主動(dòng)含義。所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。mix可作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。答案：byou cant mix water and oil because they dont mix.你不能把水和油混合在一起,因?yàn)樗鼈儾幌嗳诤??！纠?】 i like playing_,but i dont like playing_.a.basketball;musical instrumentsb.basketball;musical instrumentc.the basketball;the musical instrumentd.a basketball;a musical instrument解析:打球不用冠詞;彈某種樂器,樂器前用定冠詞the。答案：a【例5】 the presidents speech was really _ and most people were _by it.a.encouraging;encouragedb.encouraged;encouraging c.encourage;courageousd.courageous;encouraged 解析:像excite,interest,please,satisfy,frighten,move,bore,tire等及物動(dòng)詞都可以加-ing 或-ed 構(gòu)成形容詞,有時(shí)也稱為現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞。-ing 形式表示主動(dòng)含義,-ed 形式表示被動(dòng) 含義。答案：a【例6】 the man _ by the leader at the meeting is my good friend.a.refer tob.referring toc.referred tod.refer about 解析:此處referred to 是過去分詞作定語,可以改為定語從句who was referred to by the leader at the meeting。refer to 意思是 “ 提到,談到;參考,查閱”。答案：cb.錯(cuò)例分析1.誤：we made xiao wang the monitor of our class.正：we made xiao wang monitor of our class.解析:當(dāng)某些名詞如captain,chairman,president,director,monitor,headmaster等作主語補(bǔ)足語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語補(bǔ)足語或同位語時(shí)，表示正式的或獨(dú)一無二的頭銜或職位時(shí)，前面一般不帶冠詞。例如：he was chosen headmaster of this school.他被選為這個(gè)學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。2.誤：chairman mao is well known for a great leader.正：chairman mao is well known as a great leader.解析:be well known as意為“作為而著名”，其后的名詞多表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等； be well known for意為“因而著名”，其后多接表示某個(gè)人或物的特點(diǎn)、特長(zhǎng)等方面的詞語； be well known to 意為“為所知道”其后多接表示人的詞語；be well known in 意為“在某地很著名”。例如：（1） guilin is well known_ its beautiful mountains and rivers.a.asb.forc.tod.in答案：b（2） dont use words,expressions or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge.a.being knownb.having been knownc.to be knownd.known答案：d3.誤：discovering a well,they made their camp there.正：having discovered a well,they made their camp there.解析:-ing形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種。-ing形式一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般同時(shí)進(jìn)行，而完成式所表示的動(dòng)作則在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了。例如：(1)_ their work,they had a rest.a.finishingb.finishedc.being finishedd.having finished答案：d(2)_ such heavy pollution already,it may not be too late to clean up the river.a.having sufferedb.sufferingc.to sufferd.suffered答案：a4.誤：bob likes playing the chess.正：bob likes playing chess.解析:一般而言，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲等名稱前不用冠詞the a(an)。例如：play football；play chess (bridge)；而樂器名稱前用the。例如：i can play the piano.5.誤：it was in the park where he met an old friend yesterday.正：it was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.解析:這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that-clause”。例如：(1)it was in greece _ that olympic competitions started.(2)it was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_ attracted the audiences interest.a.so thatb.thatc.whatd.in which答案：b(3)it was for this reason_ her uncle moved out of new york and settled down in a small village.a.whichb.whyc.thatd.how答案：c6.誤：my teacher encouraged me to speaking english.正：my teacher encouraged me to speak english.解析:鼓勵(lì)某人干某事：encourage sb.to do sth.在某一方面鼓勵(lì)某人：encourage sb.in sth.例如： i encourage him in his study.我鼓勵(lì)他好好學(xué)習(xí)。7.誤：the song is popular in students.正：the song is popular with students.解析:popular with sb. 某人所喜愛、贊賞或歡迎的。例如：a man who is popular with his neighbors.一位受鄰居歡迎的人。8.誤：he went almost madly when he heard the news.正：he went almost mad when he heard the news.解析:go為連系動(dòng)詞，其后接形容詞作表語。例如:go hungry 挨餓 go mad 瘋了 go wrong 機(jī)器壞了go cold 變冷 go blind 變瞎 go wild 發(fā)狂c.知識(shí)點(diǎn)精析1.after studying music in vienna,haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern austria,解析:after一詞有多種意思和用法。本課中after用作介詞，接動(dòng)名詞或名詞。例如：(1)after visiting india,the beatles changed their instruments.參觀印度以后,甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)換了樂器。(2)after graduation,he worked there as a lecturer.畢業(yè)以后,他在那里當(dāng)講師。除此之外，after還作連詞。例如：(3)after the beatles visited india,they changed their instruments.(4)after he graduated,he worked there as a lecturer.2.he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orchestra.解析:change into/to “改變、變化、使變成”。例如：(1)the traffic lights changed from red to green.交通燈從紅色變成綠色。(2)the witch changed the prince into a frog.巫婆把王子變成了青蛙。3.he was born in a village in austria,the son of a peasant.解析:the son of a peasant 是he的同位語，是對(duì)he的進(jìn)一步說明。 例如：(1)abraham lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in kentucky on february 12,1809.(2)lin cheng,16,a senior 2 middle school student from fujing,won a gold medal in the competition.4.while he was still a teenager,mozart was already a big star and toured europe giving concerts.解析:(1)while 作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。例如：my wife kept silent while i was writing.當(dāng)我寫字的時(shí)候，我的夫人就默不作聲。(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although “雖然、盡管”。例如：while i like the color of the hat,i do not like its shape.(3)連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折，意為 “而”。例如：he is a worker while i am a doctor.5.he learned to play the harpsichord when he was four.解析:learn to do sth. 意為“學(xué)會(huì)干某事”。例如：learn to swim,to talk,to fly 學(xué)會(huì)游泳、說話、飛行。6.for the first time “首次、第一次”。它表示有生以來或一段時(shí)間中第一次做某事，在句中作狀語。解析:time意為“次、次數(shù)” for the first/last time “第一（最后一）回”。例如：he loved her when he met her for the first time.he was invited to beijing for the first time that year.7.try to do sth.和try doing sth.解析:try to do sth. 意為“努力干；企圖干”。例如：(1)we try to catch up with them.我們努力趕上他們。而try doing sth. “試著干或嘗試著干” 例如：(2)i usually go to school on foot.why not_ there by bike for a change.a.manage to gob.try to goc.to manage goingd.try going答案：d8.after graduation,he worked there as a doctor.解析:work as 意為 “充當(dāng)、擔(dān)任”。例如：he works as a teacher now.他現(xiàn)在當(dāng)老師。9.since 1993,he has worked part of the time in beijing and part of the time in the us.解析:part of 指事物的“一部分”，可能超過一半或一半以下或僅占一份。a part of 指某物的“一小部分”，常指一半以下，a great part或great part 意義相同，意為“一部分”，但不一定是一半以上，若表示一半以上應(yīng)用the great part of,a part of,part of或(a)great part of，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與of的賓語保持一致。例如：(1)a part of vegetables are carried from the south.一部分蔬菜是從南方運(yùn)來的。(2)part of rain was stored in the water cellar.部分雨水被儲(chǔ)存在水窖里。10.reading from your notes in english is also helpful.解析:of+抽象名詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。例如：a woman of wealth相當(dāng)于a wealthy woman 有錢的女人a woman of wisdom相當(dāng)于a wise woman 聰明的女人a woman of learning相當(dāng)于a learned woman 有學(xué)識(shí)的女人3.3 語法指導(dǎo)1.when,as,while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句(1)when 表示某個(gè)具體時(shí)間,所引導(dǎo)從句的動(dòng)作或是與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是先于主句的動(dòng)作。when指一段時(shí)間，也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，既可以表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作，又可以表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)作。as 所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有持續(xù)的含義， 一般同持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 while只能表示持續(xù)行動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫的動(dòng)作。as 和while可譯為“一邊一邊，正當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。例如：he entered the room when（while，as）the meeting was going on.正當(dāng)開會(huì)的時(shí)候他走進(jìn)了房間。（指一段時(shí)間）when she comes，i shall tell her to wait for you.她來的時(shí)候,我會(huì)告訴她讓她等你的。（指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不能用while）while(as)jim was reading,jack was writing.吉姆閱讀的時(shí)候,杰克在寫東西。(指一段時(shí)間)as (when)he finished the speech,the audience burst into applause.他講話結(jié)束的時(shí)候,聽眾掌聲雷動(dòng)。（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，不能用while）i was walking along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在路上走著，這時(shí)忽然有人從后面拍拍我的肩膀。（這句中的when引導(dǎo)的從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由and連接的并列分句，這里只能用when，意為“在那時(shí)，然后”等）note：while 還可以作并列連詞，引導(dǎo)并列分句，相當(dāng)于whereas，表示對(duì)比，可以為“而，但是”，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于although(盡管)。例如：i am fond of english while he likes maths.我喜歡英語，而他卻喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。（此句中不能用when或as）while i admit that the problem is difficult,i dont think that it cant be solved.盡管我承認(rèn)這個(gè)問題很難，但我并不認(rèn)為無法解決。(2)when 有時(shí)表示“雖然，盡管”的含義，相當(dāng)于although；有時(shí)具有“既然考慮到”的含義，相當(dāng)于since；when還可作“如果”解，相當(dāng)于if。例如：he walked when he might take a taxi.盡管他可以乘出租車，不過他還是步行。how can i help them when they wont listen to me?既然他們不聽我的話，我怎么幫助他們呢？注意：比較until和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篿 slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 wait till i call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：she didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 i didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：until you told me, i had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 3）until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。例如： -until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ - until next monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 4）not until在句首，主句用倒裝。 例如：not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱為何物。 not until i began to work did i realize how much time i had wasted. 直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉跎了許多歲月。 5）it is not until that. 例如：it was not until i began to work that i realized how much time i had wasted. 6）表示 “一就”的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的意思。例如： i had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家，就下起雨來了。 i had no sooner got home than it began to rain. as soon as i got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： hardly / scarcely had i got home when it began to rain. no sooner had i got home than it began to rain.練習(xí)：在下列各句的空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1_ he comes tomorrow, i shall ask where he has been. 2_ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3i saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5it was already eight oclock _ we got there. 6. i was about to go out _ a visitor came. 7well go to the country at the beginning of june, _ the summer harvest will start.8. he learned to speak german _ he was in berlin.9. henry is in charge of the office _ mr. smith is away. 10. i listen to the recorder _ i have time. 11. he had learned chinese _ he came to china. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience. 13. i havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. i waited _ he came back. 15. it was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that i recognized him. 16. she likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. the thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18. they decided to go back home _ their money ran out. 19. we played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain。20. _ i get to the airport, i will phone you to pick me up. 21. they were about to leave _ it began to rain. 22. he always stay in bed _ lunch time. 23. i like playing tennis _ my younger sister prefers watching ball games. 24. _ i understand your viewpoint, i dont agree with you. 25. _ she grew older, she became more responsible. key: 一、1. when 2. while / when 3. as 4. when/as5. when 6. when 7. when 8. while9. while10. whenever11. before 12. after 13. since 14. till/until15. until 16. before17. as soon as 18. before 19. when20. as soon as21.when 22. until 23. while24. while 25. as 2.過去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：they had got everything ready before i came.在我來之前，他們已經(jīng)把一切準(zhǔn)備好了。i could see from her face that she had received some good news.從她的臉上我可以看出她有什么高興事兒。(2)過去完成時(shí)常用在有“hardly(scarcely)when,no soonerthan”等的句子中。例如：she had hardly (scarcely)gone to bed when the bell rang.她剛剛睡下鈴就響了。no sooner_ they left the building_ a bomb exploded.a.have;thanb.had;whenc.did;asd.had;than（d項(xiàng)正確。他們剛剛離開那座大樓，炸彈就爆炸了。）(3)intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think 等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示本來打算做而沒有做的事。這種用法也可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想，意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。例如：i had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when i was about to leave.我本來昨天要去看你的，但是剛要出門就有人來訪。we had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasnt in.我們本想把這消息告訴她的，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。later she explained:“i had thought that he had died ten years ago,but now i know that he is still living.”（我本以為）i had wanted to invite her to the party.（我本來要）下面兩句意思相同：he had wanted to help you but he had no time then.he wanted to have helped you but he had no time then.他本想幫助你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)沒有時(shí)間。note:after從句表示過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系時(shí)，可用一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。 例如：june went out to the park after she had read (或read)the paper.when 從句表示過去時(shí)間時(shí)，有時(shí)一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)可換用。例如：when the teacher had arrived (或arrived)，they stopped talking.before從句表示過去時(shí)間時(shí)，主語中上述兩種時(shí)態(tài)可換用。例如：before he came,he had discussed (或 discussed)it with the manager.表示“過去的將來”某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：she made up her mind to go on trying until she had succeeded.the plane would take off as soon as it had stopped raining.一、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，已過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：i have learned 1000 english words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。i had learned 1000 english words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 im sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 oh, not at all. i have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）二、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。比較：they had arrived at the station by ten yesterday./they arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。she was very happy. her whole family were pleased with her, too. she had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。he entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.fill in the blanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.1. how many english songs _ she _ (learn) by the end of last month?2. hardly _ i _ (get) on the bus when it started to move3. he _(read) the book befor