高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（2）（講）（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)，是英語(yǔ)高考必考點(diǎn)之一。在高考中主要考查點(diǎn)有：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換等。命題形式：本考點(diǎn)在廣東高考中的命題形式主要有：1.語(yǔ)法填空（短文填空）（出現(xiàn)在全國(guó)卷中）；2.書(shū)面表達(dá)解題技巧：解答非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類試題，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。命題熱點(diǎn)多是借助于基本概念，在語(yǔ)境中考查常用動(dòng)詞的各種非謂語(yǔ)形式以及個(gè)性動(dòng)詞后的非謂語(yǔ)形式的不同要求。有時(shí)也涉及到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的一致性問(wèn)題以及獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)的各種變化。其考點(diǎn)主要包括：1、考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。要求熟記“三類”動(dòng)詞：（1）只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。如：seem, attempt, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, mean, expect等；（2）只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。如：acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, escape, consider, permit, imagine, postpone, risk,等；（3）接不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義有別的動(dòng)詞。如：remember, try, mean, regret等。2、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)就是：不定式表示“未來(lái)的動(dòng)作”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”，過(guò)去分詞表示“完成的動(dòng)作”。3、考查不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。（1）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：only to do表示“出乎意料的結(jié)果”；thus doing表示“自然而然的結(jié)果”。（2）程度狀語(yǔ)：be glad（silly，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised）to have done表示“很高興（愚蠢、難過(guò)）做了.”。（3）原因狀語(yǔ)：being形容詞（過(guò)去分詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞）通常在句中表示原因。4、考查分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。（1）感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式：不帶to 的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。（2）leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)：leave sb doing sth“讓某人一直做某事”,;leave sth undone“留下某事未做”; leave sth to be done“留下某事要做”。（3）have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)：have/get sth done “使/讓某事由別人去做”(叫/讓某人做某事);have sb / sth doing “使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事”(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行);get sb / sth doing “使某人/物開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)”;have sb do sth (get sb to do sth) “使/讓 /叫某人去做某事”。（4）be said（reported、thought、considered）+ to do sth（據(jù)說(shuō)“要”）/ to be doing sth（據(jù)說(shuō)“正在”）/ to have done sth（據(jù)說(shuō)“已經(jīng)”）。5、考查非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。即，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般體和完成體的區(qū)別；過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。6、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其它結(jié)構(gòu)。with（out）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等。 2015年高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，而且對(duì)分詞的考查仍是重點(diǎn)。試題的測(cè)試點(diǎn)將呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問(wèn)角度多樣化”的趨勢(shì)，但試題的難度不會(huì)太大?？键c(diǎn)揭秘1.we got a little_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.2.“in the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always （think）that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”【答案與解析】thinking, 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表伴隨。3.he suddenly appeared in class one day, _ (wear) sun glasses.【答案與解析】wearing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，描述謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appear的狀態(tài)，表主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：一天他突然出現(xiàn)在課堂上，戴著太陽(yáng)鏡。4. i got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then i noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【答案與解析】sitting/sit notice sb doing/do sth 5.even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for 19. _ (learn) the material assigned. 【答案與解析】learning 此處for是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞。語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)1.完成下列的語(yǔ)法填空（注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法）語(yǔ)法填空（共10題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）last year, my brother and i went to miami for a vacation. some of my friends who had been there before said_1_ was a wonderful holiday destination. before we went, we had planned for months. when the day came, we were ready.after our plane landed, we went to the hotel. we had made our reservation six months_2_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. we _3_（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after. i didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged_6_ the reservation. whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. when we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. she was _7_（surprise）helpful. she apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare vip room on _8_ top floor. we had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.the next day, my brother and i went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball. we got a little_10_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1._ 2._3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._8._ 9._ 10._【答案】1.it2.earlier3.were told4.but5.why6.for7.surprisingly8.the9.where10.sunburned/ sunburnt2.earlier 考查形容詞比較級(jí)及語(yǔ)境的理解。這里是暗含比較，雖然沒(méi)有比較連詞，但是在到達(dá)之前早就預(yù)定好的，所以應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。這個(gè)題如果考生沒(méi)有看出是暗含比較很容易填原形。3.were told考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)及語(yǔ)境的理解。這里we與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即服務(wù)員告訴我們，我們的房間沒(méi)有預(yù)定上。故用were told。這里考生必須理解上文的意思，才能正確判斷這個(gè)句子的主謂之間的關(guān)系。4.but 考查并列連詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。服務(wù)員告訴我們那周的房間沒(méi)有預(yù)定上而是定了之后一周的房間。這里notbut不是而是，用but表示前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如果考生不能正確理解這句的句意，很難想到用but。8.the 考查冠詞。她向我們道歉，并給我們?cè)陧攲犹峁┝艘粋€(gè)vip會(huì)員房間。這里一個(gè)樓層的頂部當(dāng)然是特指的，所以應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。9.where 考查定語(yǔ)從句。第二天我和弟弟到了海灘，在那里我們看到一些人打籃球。beach是先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，它在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)題需要考生會(huì)分析句子成分，掌握關(guān)系詞在句中的作用。10.sunburned/ sunburnt 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。我們有點(diǎn)曬黑了。sunburn曬黑，是動(dòng)詞或名詞。get被用來(lái)代替助動(dòng)詞be，get和過(guò)去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某一事件或事故的發(fā)生，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。即get + done結(jié)構(gòu)，故用過(guò)去分詞sunburned/ sunburnt。2.語(yǔ)法填空if you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識(shí)別)those of 1_(great)and less importance. then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2_(achieve). leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often 3 (accept).most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. so, get an early start and try to be as productive as possible before lunch. this will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling 5 (accomplish).recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.if you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring)your work home. it could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10 (make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了緩解工作壓力的一些方法。1.【答案】greater【解析】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾importance，故填greater。4.【答案】on5.【答案】accomplished【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。feel accomplished=feel a sense of achievement感覺(jué)到有成就感。6.【答案】studies【解析】考查名詞。最新的研究表明，如果我們有規(guī)律地短暫休息的話，我們?cè)诠ぷ髦袝?huì)變得高效得多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為show，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，且study作“研究，調(diào)查”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，故主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填studies。7.【答案】regularly【解析】考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take，故填regularly“有規(guī)律地”。8.【答案】a【解析】考查冠詞在介詞短語(yǔ)中的運(yùn)用。介詞短語(yǔ)for a while意為“一會(huì)兒”。9.【答案】to bring【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)be likely to do sth.意為“可能做某事”，故填to bring。10.【答案】make【解析】考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but連接兩個(gè)并列分句。其中第二個(gè)分句中，whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后為祈使句充當(dāng)主句。故填make。3.基礎(chǔ)習(xí)作（適當(dāng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）你接受一項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)，要為當(dāng)?shù)赜⒄Z(yǔ)晚報(bào)寫一篇報(bào)道。寫作內(nèi)容請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息寫一篇英文報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：人物：英國(guó)人查理德阿維斯（richard avis）出生日期：1974年12月1日時(shí)間：2011年開(kāi)始在世界各地尋找同年同月同日生的人目的：理解不同文化中成功人生的含義相關(guān)信息： 借助當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w尋找 迄今找到32名，其中男性17名，女性15名，來(lái)自13個(gè)國(guó)家