2018高考英語短文改錯設(shè)題方式講解與選練題附(解析)答案.doc

2018高考英語短文改錯：設(shè)題方式講解與選練題附（解析）答案短文改錯的設(shè)題方式：【一】錯詞 【二】漏詞 【三】多詞一短文改錯的設(shè)題方式-錯詞：錯詞的情況歸納起來大致可分為虛詞選擇錯誤、實詞詞形錯誤、同(近)義詞、形似詞選擇錯誤等。1虛詞錯誤介詞錯誤。介詞錯誤主要集中在介詞的固定搭配、介詞多詞義的用法以及一些意義相近介詞、副詞和連詞的混用等。1.After five years away in my hometown，I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(09全國卷I)析：“從離開，遠離”應(yīng)為短語 away from，不能與in搭配。應(yīng)將in改為from。 連詞錯誤主要表現(xiàn): 句與句之間的關(guān)系混淆，是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、承接、還是表原因；連詞與介詞、副詞的混用，一些連詞具有多重功能和詞性以及意義相近連詞的區(qū)別等。1.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back(09全國卷II) 析：分析前后兩個句子可知，前面的句子與后面的句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)將 and 改為but。冠詞錯誤：冠詞的考查集中在：應(yīng)該使用定冠詞的地方使用了不定冠詞；應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞的地方卻使用了定冠詞；不定冠詞a與an的誤用等。1.Three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前應(yīng)該用不定冠詞，因此要將第一個the改為an。2實詞錯誤 名詞錯誤主要集中在：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混用；抽象名詞具體化；名詞的所有格等。1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. （09全國卷II）析：one and a half 后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能用單數(shù)。要將hour改為hours。 動詞錯誤主要有：不規(guī)則動詞的過去式、過去分詞形式錯誤；時態(tài)的不一致性；語態(tài)的錯用；非謂語動詞用法的選擇，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語、表語、定語或賓語補足語時是用過去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞；在 to 后是用不定式還是動名詞；以及在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動詞的形式；謂語動詞時態(tài)形式的錯用；情態(tài)動詞和 will(would), shall (should) 等助動詞后面的動詞形式的誤用等。1.There exist now a park that has a small river running through. （09全國卷I）析：句子中的there exist相當于there be形式，exist的形式跟后面的名詞a park保持一致，因此exist要用單三形式exists。 形容詞與副詞錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在：這兩類詞的混用；形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級、最高級的混用等。1.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. （09全國卷I）析：分析句子，句子中沒有比較對象，不能用比較級，要將older改為原形old。 引導(dǎo)詞錯誤：在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞的錯誤運用，特別是在定語從句中關(guān)系詞的錯誤運用，賓語從句中連接詞的誤用等。1.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. （09遼寧卷）析：非限制性定語從句的先行詞指物時只能用which不能用that，應(yīng)將that改為which。代詞錯誤。代詞考查主要集中在句子中代詞的一致性、人稱代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的混用等。1.When I was in high school, most of my friends had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. （2009.遼寧卷）析：根據(jù)句義后面句子中的it與前面句子中的bicycles是一類物，表示泛指。因此要將it改為one。思維定勢干擾錯誤。由于受漢語思維定勢影響，造成一些英語詞語的搭配錯誤。1.Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. （09海南、寧夏卷）析： anything意思是“任何事或任何物”，而everything表示“所有的東西或物”，很顯然句子強調(diào)在宿舍的所有事情，應(yīng)將anything改為everything。行文邏輯錯誤。高考短文改錯中，涉及短文主旨大意及邏輯關(guān)系的錯誤這類試題的隱蔽性較強，單獨看并沒有錯，但若放在整篇中則與全篇的意思不符。I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析：直接分析該句，沒有任何錯誤，但結(jié)合上下文可看出句子是在轉(zhuǎn)述過去發(fā)生的事情，不能用here，因此應(yīng)將here改為there。二、短文改錯的設(shè)題方式-漏詞漏詞考查主要集中在：名詞前漏冠詞；不及物動詞后漏掉相應(yīng)的介詞。不定式前少了不該省的to；分句與分句之間往往漏掉相應(yīng)的連詞；句子中助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的遺漏。復(fù)合句中關(guān)系詞、連接詞的遺漏；以及句子中替代詞的遺漏等。1.One day, the school held party, whereI was invited to talk about Tianjin. (08天津卷)析：初次提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面要加不定冠詞，因此要在party前加不定冠詞a。2.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything（09浙江卷）析：在it is/was possible to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式符合不能省略，因此要在give前加to。三、短文改錯的設(shè)題方式-多詞多詞考查主要集中在介詞、副詞、連接詞、冠詞、不定式符號to、代詞、助動詞等。這些詞大都為虛詞，在句子中的作用顯得不大，但極易引起誤用，是學(xué)生語言運用中最常犯的錯誤。1.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(09全國卷I)析：句子的意思為 “市場把位置讓給了一個超市”。這里并不表示被動意義，要將been去掉。2. Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.（09全國卷II）析：return to的意思為返回到某地，而在句子中的意思為歸還某物，不能加to，要將to去掉。A【2016四川】短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。It is Mothers Day today.Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest.At dinner,we said to her,“Happy Mothers Day！”Mom was grateful and moving. 【答案】 1.so-but 2.houseworks-housework 3.or-and 4.get-got 5.去掉on 6.her-his 7.在in和kitchen之間加the 8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 9.favoritest-favorite 10.moving-moved 6.her-his 句意：在爸爸手里。故把her-his。7.在in和kitchen之間加the 句意：我在廚房里做飯。此處特指在廚房里。故在in和kitchen之間加the。8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 此處考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：我做的菜是媽媽最喜歡的。The dishes 做先行詞，指物，定語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，從句缺少賓語，可知引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語，故把what-that/which(或去掉what)。9.favoritest-favorite “favorite”本身就是“最喜歡”，故把favoritest-favorite。10.moving-moved 句意：媽媽即感激有感動。故把moving-moved。 【名師點睛】表示情感的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞surprising令人驚訝的，surprised感到驚訝；frightening令人害怕的， frightened感到害怕； moving令人感動的， moved 感動；exciting 令人興奮的，excited 感到興奮；boring令人厭煩的， bored感到厭煩；annoying令人煩惱的，annoyed感到煩惱的?，F(xiàn)在分詞的主語通常指事物；過去分詞的主語通常指人。比如第10小題moving-moved 句意：媽媽即感激有感動。故把moving-moved。考點：考查短文改錯B模擬短文改錯.Today we went to climb the West HillEarly in morning 1_we started out and arrived an hour lateThen we began 2_to climbThe hill was high and some of us got tired 3_soon, and all of us were very excitedWe cheered 4_happily when we got the topWe had our lunch there 5_and had enjoyed ourselves very muchUnfortunately， 6_when we walked down the hill，We were caught by 7_a rainWe remained calmly，shared umbrellas and 8_raincoats and walked carefullyFinally we both reached 9_the parking lot safelyIn spite of the unexpecting rain 10_and wind，we had a good time【參考答案及解析】1. morning前加the 考查冠詞的用法。注意習(xí)語in the morning。2. late改為later 考查副詞比較級的用法。此處表示“遲到了一小時”，故用比較級。3. 正確 經(jīng)分析本句正確。4. and改為but 考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)文意此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。5. got后加to或got改為reached 考查動詞的用法。此處the top作賓語，故改為got to 或及物動詞reached。6. 去掉had 考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的and可知，前后是并列關(guān)系，時態(tài)應(yīng)一致。7. by改為in 考查介詞的用法。解題關(guān)鍵：掌握動詞catch的用法，be caught in意為：遭遇。8. calmly改為calm 考查形容詞的用法。此處remain為系動詞，其后接形容詞。9. both改為all 考查代詞的用法。根據(jù)文意沒有兩者的范圍。10. unexpecting改為unexpected考查分詞的用法。此處unexpected意為：意料之外的。C【2015新課標全國II】 短文改錯 （共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞作斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.【答案】71. parent改為parents72. on改為in73. very去掉74. looks改為looking75. where改為that 或者去掉 where76. begun改為began77. telling改為told78. a改為the79. saw后加his80. terrible改為terribly73. very去掉 這里是“如此喜歡以至于”的意思，應(yīng)該是：like so much that.74. looks改為looking after之后跟從句或v-ing形式，故looks改為looking 。 75. where改為that 或者去掉 where found后面的賓語從句是陳述句，故where改為that或者去掉where。76. begun改為began and前后的謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致，故begun改為began。77. telling改為told and前后的謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致，see和tell是并列謂語，故telling改為told。78. a改為the 由上下文可知，此處shop是第二次出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該用定冠詞，故a改為the。79. saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。80. terrible改為terribly 修飾形容詞worried要用副詞，故 terrible改為terribly?！究键c定位】語法填空?！久麕燑c睛】通過短短的100多個詞，使考生能正確運用各類詞和固定搭配，如動詞、名詞、副詞、代詞和連詞，辨別并改正錯誤?？偟恼f來，本題都是學(xué)生平時書面表達中常見的錯誤。多讀多練習(xí)就能找出問題所在，也能對寫作有幫助。D模擬短文改錯.Of all my teachers ,Mr. Moore is the one who impress me 1_most. He is 34, so he looks young for his age. And hes one of 2_the most popular teacher in our school. Mr. Moore pays more 3_attention to his way of teaching, comparing with other teachers. 4_He tries different ways to make his classes actively and lively. 5_In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but understand 6_“why”. So, instead giving us answers immediately, he encourages us 7_to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, 8_weve learned from how to settle problems. He leads us to such a 9_wonderful world of “why” as we all admire and respect him. 10_【參考答案及解析】1. impress改為impresses考查主謂一致。此處先行詞one前有the，故其后定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)和one保持一致，用單數(shù)。2. so改為but考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)語境此處應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。3. teacher 改為teachers 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的one of 可知，后面的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. comparing改為compared 考查固定短語。和。相比應(yīng)用compared with/to。5. actively改為active考查形容詞的用法。此處make 后接形容詞作賓補。6. 正確 經(jīng)分析本句正確。7.instead后加of考查固定短語。根據(jù)后面的giving可知，其前應(yīng)用介詞of。8. myself改為ourselves考查代詞指代一致。根據(jù)文意反身代詞應(yīng)和us相一致。故用ourselves。9. 去掉from考查動詞的用法。learn from意為：向。學(xué)習(xí)，此處不合文意。10. as改為that 考查固定句型。此處考查such。that。句型。E【2014遼寧卷】文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除:把多余的詞用斜線( )劃掉。 修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞; 2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(試題內(nèi)容如下)Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult tounderstanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barkinghave been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends tobark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5oclock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure agood way of settling the matter.Sincerely, Jack and Rose 【答案】去掉totime改成timesunderstanding改成understandhave改成hasbeside改成besidesa改成anstarts改成startedclosely改成closeour改成yourfigure后面加out句意：每天早上吠叫都會打擾我，因為我一晚上都會熬夜照顧孩子。主語是動名詞，謂語用單數(shù)：have改成has句意：此外，Cleo往往一天平均吠叫六次。Beside是介詞“在旁邊”，改成besides副詞，“此外”?？疾楣谠~：average是元音開頭的單詞，所以a改成an句意：今天早上她甚至在5點前就開始吠叫了。因為是今天早上的事情，所以用一般過去式：starts改成started句意：這對我們太吵了，想象一下房子是多么的近啊。這里用形容詞做表語。closely改成close句意：我們感謝你們的道歉和祝愿，物主代詞錯誤，our改成your考查詞組：figure out想出。句意：我們希望你能想出一個解決問題的好辦法。考點：考查短文改錯F模擬短文改錯.Time seem limited for us Senior Three students. 1_Therefore, more and more student are studying from early 2_morning till lately afternoon, even during the ten-minute 3_break. In my opinion, Take a break between classes is 4_not necessary. Otherwise, we will feel tired both physically 5_and mentally. During the break, we should do something 6_to get rid of tiredness. What they need is to have a real rest, 7_instead getting more tired. My break is always pleasing. 8_Sometimes I take some simple exercise. Sometimes I had a free 9_chat with my classmates or just take a walk outside. While the 10_next class begins, I feel fresh again.【參考答案及解析】1. seemseems 考查主謂一致。此處time是主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.studentstudents 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的are可知用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.latelylate 考查形容詞、副詞的用法。修飾名詞afternoon應(yīng)用形容詞。4.Taketaking考查動名詞的用法。此處動名詞短語作主語，故用動名詞形式。5.去掉not 考查語境的理解。根據(jù)文意應(yīng)為肯定意思。6. 經(jīng)分析本句正確。7 they.we 考查代詞指代一致。通篇文章都在談?wù)撐覀兊氖虑椋视脀e。8. instead 后加of 考查固定短語。根據(jù)后面的getting可知用instead of。9.hadhave 考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間副詞sometimes可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。10.WhileWhen考查狀語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)文意用when“當。的時候”。G【2016浙江】短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪減或修改某個單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（/）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2.只允許修改10處，多著（從第11處起）不計分。 When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,wed greet het at the door. He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there！My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIr childememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday, later thewedgreetheratthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowing him were knowus,Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat,myfatherwouldliftmysisterand chatted meuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！on exciting66.【答案】children改成child【解析】試題分析： 因為前面有不定冠詞a，所以這里用單數(shù)。故children改成child?？键c：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)67.【答案】late改成later【解析】試題分析： late是形容詞“遲的”，或副詞“遲地”，但是“一段時間后面應(yīng)該接later”，表示“時間以后”。故late改成later?？键c：考查副詞68.【答案】at后面加the【解析】試題分析： at the end of為固定搭配，意為“在結(jié)束的時候”。故at后面加the?？键c：考查冠詞69.【答案】her改成him考點：考查代詞70.【答案】was改成were【解析】試題分析： 這句話的主語是we，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，而且這篇文章是作者回憶小時候的事情，用一般過去時。故was改成were?？键c：考查主謂一致71.【答案】knowing改成know【解析】試題分析：pretend后面接不定式作賓語，這里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know?？键c：考查動詞不定式72.【答案】去掉had【解析】試題分析：句意：他和我媽媽會喝些東西。這里不是虛擬語氣，不能用would have done，用would do表示“過去常常做”。故去掉had?？键c：考查動詞形式73.【答案】chat改成chatted【解析】試題分析：根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容myfatherwouldliftmysister可知while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般過去時。故chat改成chatted。考點：考查動詞時態(tài)74.【答案】in改成on【解析】試題分析：on the top of為固定搭配，意為“在頂部”。故in改成on?？键c：考查介詞75.【答案】excited改成exciting考點：考查形容詞【名師點睛】高考短文改錯考點層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個層面。考點層次越高，就越能測試出考生運用語言的能力。低層次的考點往往側(cè)重于語法方面的考查，而高層次的考點往往側(cè)重于考生對文章意義方面的理解。這篇短文主要是一些詞法錯誤，詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，情態(tài)動詞和非謂語動詞等；人稱代詞、人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級和最高級的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。例如：本題中的 66. children改成child（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤）67. late改成later（副詞錯誤）68. at后面加the（冠詞錯誤）69. her改成him（代詞錯誤） 71. knowing改成know（非謂語動詞錯誤）72.去掉had（虛擬語氣錯誤）73. chat改成chatted（動詞時態(tài)錯誤）74. in改成on（介詞錯誤）75. excited改成exciting（形容詞錯誤）H模擬短文改錯.The other day my father called me, that at first made 1._me very glad because of he seldom calls me. I was extra 2._happy for that day was his birthday and I thought he 3._remembered the date. But to my disappoint, our talk was 4._so short and ended so soon. My father called only tell me 5._that he has put another 1,000 yuan to my account, then hung 6._up after I could even tell him that it was my birthday. Tears 7._of sadness came to my eye. Honestly, I understand that he 8._loves me just as true as my mom, but Id prefer to hear 9._him say it out to me on my birthday 10._【參考答案及解析】1.that改為 which 考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。 此處which替代前文整個句子的內(nèi)容。2.去掉of 考查狀語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)后面的句子he seldom calls me可知用because。3. his改為my 考查代詞指代一致。根據(jù)文意應(yīng)是“我的生日”。4. disappoint改為disappointment考查固定短語的用法。此處to是介詞，其后用名詞。5. only后加to 考查不定式作目的狀語