現(xiàn)在完成時語法PPT.ppt

the Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時,助動詞have (has)+過去分詞done,past,now,Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.,Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.,用法1,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,“仍然，還 ” 用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。 I havent read this book yet . Have you had breakfast yet ?,already:,Yet:,“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。 I have already read this book. 有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?,“從來不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .,ever,never,“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。 I have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA ?,“以前”用在完成時中，放在句末。 have never read this kind of books before.,just,before,“剛剛 ”用在陳述句中,放在句中。 I have just bought a novel。,She began to work in 2005. She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 7 years.,now,past,I began to teach English at this school five years ago.,I have taught English at this school for five years.,用法2：,過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。,1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday.,have worked,have stayed,since and for,The woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two years ago),since 2 years ago,since 1998,since she came to the school),for + 時間段,since+時間點,for 2 years/a long time,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a week _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour B. one oclock,A,A,B,A,B,6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago 7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months 8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year 9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days 10.-How long has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six years,A,A,B,A,B,Exercise 根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。 1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. _( have lunch ) 2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out ),he has just gone out,Ive just had lunch.,3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish ) 4.You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve(預(yù)定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do),I havent finished it yet.,I have already done,1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has just had breakfast.(含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地),2. 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用. 表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。 I havent seen her these days. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.,3. 現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等標(biāo)志詞 He has already got a chance to go abroad. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？,4. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny. I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.,5. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six poems so far. Man has now learned to make use of natural materials. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. Up to these weeks, everything has been successful.,have (has) gone和have (has) been的區(qū)別,1.have (has) gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了” She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。),2.have (has) been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地” She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。),非延續(xù)性動詞不能與時間段連用： go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/ receive/become等詞語是瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時間的詞連用，也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。 如不能說：He has borrowed the book for two months.() 但可以說：He has kept the book for 2 months. 或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.,這些瞬間動詞常與它對應(yīng)的可以表示時間段的詞語進(jìn)行互換。 becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe out join-be a member/be in begin to study-study,注明：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：I havent bought anything for two days.,動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種： 原形+ed 如：worked, passed 詞尾是e時，直接加d 如：liked lived 若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾 為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個輔音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped,動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化,不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞 巧記規(guī)律,AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。,有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含規(guī)則動詞),1.另有一些其它形式的變化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged),ABB(含規(guī)則動詞),ABC,ABC,有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) f