文化翻譯練習(xí)10篇(2).doc

一、對(duì)龍圖騰的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚、 蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有開拓變化和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的寓意。 (1) 對(duì)龍圖騰的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for over 8,000 years. (2) 中國(guó)龍是古人將魚、 蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) as a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. (3) 中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. (4) 在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有開拓變化和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的寓意。To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 二、秧歌舞是中國(guó)漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂(lè)在其中。 (1) 秧歌舞是中國(guó)漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。Yangko is one of the traditional folk dances of Han nationality in China. It is usually performed in Northern provinces. (2) 秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。The dancers usually wear / are dressed in colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. (3) 在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。During some festivals such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, on hearing the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is, people will come to the street and appreciate the Yangko. (4) 近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂(lè)在其中。 In recent years, the old people in some east-northern cities of China have organized the team of Yangko by themselves; the team members keep healthy by dancing Yangko the whole year round. 三、長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！?實(shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城-東起山海關(guān)西至嘉峪關(guān)-大部分都是在明代修建的。 (1) 長(zhǎng)城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world (that have been) created by human beings. (2) 如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids. (3) 人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！盜t is often said, “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” (4) 實(shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝才將其連城長(zhǎng)城。In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become “the Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. (5) 然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城-東起山海關(guān)西至嘉峪關(guān)-大部分都是在明代修建的。 However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 四、餃子是深受中國(guó)人民喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)食品。 相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。 餃子的制作包括： 1） 搟皮、2） 備餡、3） 包餡水煮三個(gè)步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過(guò)餃子”的俗語(yǔ)。中國(guó)人接親待客、逢年過(guò)節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對(duì)崇尚親情的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。(1) 餃子是深受中國(guó)人民喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)食品。Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes.(2) 相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing.(3) 餃子的制作包括： 1） 搟皮、2） 備餡、3） 包餡水煮三個(gè)步驟。There are three steps in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of / with dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. (4) 其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。With thin and elastic dough wrappers, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are very delicious to eat. (5) 民間有“好吃不過(guò)餃子”的俗語(yǔ)。Theres an old saying that, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. (6) 中國(guó)人接親待客、逢年過(guò)節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。During the Spring Festival and other holidays or when entertaining relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. (7) 對(duì)崇尚親情的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。To Chinese people who believe in family affection/ties, having dumplings at the moment of the old year replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year. 五、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過(guò)疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來(lái)達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?，以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)、治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。(1) 針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。Acupuncture is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).(2) 按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過(guò)疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來(lái)達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。In accordance with the “main and collateral channels theory” in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood so as to keep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.(3) 其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。 It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.(4) 主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)、治療病痛的目的。The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patients body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patients acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.(5) 針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”六、中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)承載著豐富的中國(guó)民族傳統(tǒng)文化，是將攻防技術(shù)寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟(ji3)、斧鉞(yue4)鉤叉等。 (1) 中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)承載著豐富的中國(guó)民族傳統(tǒng)文化，是將攻防技術(shù)寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目。Chinese Kung Fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat and the motions. (2) 其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。The core idea of Chinese kung fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes some thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.(3) 中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe.(4) 后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟(ji3)、斧鉞(yue4)鉤叉等。The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons, named by the later generations, mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, hooks, prongs and so on. 七、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意、韻的獨(dú)特文字。現(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方”源于古人“天圓地方”的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。(1) 漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意、韻的獨(dú)特文字。Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help primitive people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. (2) 現(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. (3) 此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.(4) 漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方”源于古人“天圓地方”的觀念。Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.(5) 漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are the horizontal stroke, the vertical stroke, the left-falling stroke, the right-falling stroke and the turning stroke. 八、中國(guó)人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時(shí)稱為箸(zhu4)，它看似簡(jiǎn)單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、 撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國(guó)民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結(jié)對(duì)的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。(1) 中國(guó)人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。 The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.(2) 有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. (3) 筷子古時(shí)稱為箸(zhu4)，它看似簡(jiǎn)單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、 撮、戳、撕等多種功能。Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They are seemingly simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. (4) 中國(guó)民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing for the couple to have a baby soon.(5) 與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結(jié)對(duì)的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. (6) 西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a mark of ancient oriental civilization. 九、印章就是圖章。中國(guó)歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、 契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載， 印章在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆(zhuan4)隸等字體、圖像用陰(凹)、陽(yáng)(凸)的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色鈐(qian2)蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識(shí)，逐漸成為中國(guó)特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。(1) 印章就是圖章。A seal can also be defined as a stamp.(2) 中國(guó)歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、 契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱璽、印、寶、章等。Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, zhang etc. (3) 據(jù)史料記載， 印章在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代已普遍使用。According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period. (4) 印章的制作是將篆(zhuan4)隸等字體、圖像用陰(凹)、陽(yáng)(凸)的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters, official scripts and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as either round or square. (5) 印章用朱色鈐(qian2)蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識(shí)，逐漸成為中國(guó)特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique artworks.十、 天干地支是中國(guó)歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。 十天干為： 甲、 乙、 丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；