高一英語 主謂一致課件.ppt

,主謂一致的概念：主語和其謂語動詞在人稱 和數(shù)上保持一致。 主謂一致分為三種情況：,語法一致,意義一致,就近一致,主謂“三”一致,1.The boy _ diving.(be),2.They _ diving.,3.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,5.All of them _ diving.,4.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,主謂一致是指句子的_與_在_和_上必須保持一致 主謂一致的三個原則: 1. 語法一致 2. 意義一致 3. 就近原則,謂語動詞,主語,人稱,數(shù),一、語法一致的原則即主語是單數(shù)，謂 語為單數(shù)；主語若為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語亦為復(fù)數(shù)。,(1) 如果主語后面跟有with、together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including, besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than 等短語再加一個 名詞時，謂語動詞仍與主語（第一個詞） 保持一致。如：,A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift. Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now. All but Tom have gone to the cinema.,語法一致,(2) 用and連接的并列主語，如果主語是 同一個人、同一事物或同意概念時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech. Bread and butter is usually my breakfast. The professor and scientist has already come. A teacher and a writer are in the office.,語法一致,(3) 不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或 主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：,To learn English well takes effort. Serving the people is my great happiness. When well go for an outing has not been decided yet. How he can speak so good English interests us all.,語法一致,(4) 用 and 連接的并列主語被each，every，no 或 many a 修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：,Each boy and each girl has been given a gift. No teacher and no student is in the classroom. Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already. Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.,has been laid,語法一致,(5) each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動用單數(shù)。 復(fù)數(shù)代詞 + each，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,Each of us has something to say. Each of them has been given a piece of bread. We each have a dictionary. They each have done their work.,語法一致,語法一致,(6) none作主語，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時， 謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但修飾 不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)。 如：,None of us are(is) perfect. None of these books are(is) mine. None of his money has been found again. None of this worries me.,語法一致,(7) 名詞如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods , clothes 等作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)， 但當(dāng)它們前面有a pair of 或one pair of 修飾 時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)。如：,My trousers are black. His glasses are expensive. A pair of trousers lies on my bed. A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.,語法一致,(8) 形復(fù)意單名詞如：news; 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科 名詞如：physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如：the United States; 報(bào)紙名如： the New York Times; 書名如：Arabian Nights天方夜譚；以及the United Nations 等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如：,Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories. The New York Times is a popular reading material for students. Physics is my favourite subjects.,語法一致,(9) “a/an + 名詞 + and a half”, “one and a half + 名詞” “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時， 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如：,An apple and a half is on the table. One and a half days has passed. The number of the students in our class is 63.,語法一致,(10) 百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ of + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) （或不可數(shù)名詞）謂語動詞用單數(shù)； 百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：,Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground. Two thirds of the apple is rotten. Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.,語法一致,Many a/an + n. + V(單數(shù)）+ O. 表示復(fù)數(shù)的意思，譯作 “很多”。如：,Many a student is interested in English. 很多學(xué)生對英語感興趣。 Many a teacher has resigned. 很多老師已經(jīng)辭職了。 Many an apple has gone bad. 很多蘋果已經(jīng)壞了。 Many a mistake has been made by him. 他犯了很多錯誤。,語法一致,（12） A (large) quantity of + N. + V + O. 動詞的數(shù)由名詞決定； A (large) ammount of + N. (不可數(shù)名詞）+ V (單三）+ O. 謂語動詞用單數(shù)，但是， Large quantities of + N. (pl.or uc）+ V (復(fù)數(shù)）+ O. Large ammounts of + N. (不可數(shù)名詞）+ V (復(fù)數(shù)）+ O. 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water. Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project. A larege ammount of time has been spent on English. Large ammounts of time have been saved by the new invention.,語法一致,“This kind of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)； “復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this kind” 作主語時， 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,This kind of apples was imported from America. Apples of this kind were imported from America.,語法一致,(14) “A/An + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two” 作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)； “One or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語時， 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,A day or two is enough for this work. One or two days are enough for this work. A man or two is to be sent there to help them. One or two men are to be sent there to help them.,語法一致,（15）“A set of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 及 “A series of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：,A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend. The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.,語法一致,(15) 在 “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)中， 定語從句中謂語動詞的用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果one 前面有the only 修飾時，定于從句的謂語 動詞只能用單數(shù)。 如：,Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert. Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.,二、意義一致的原則指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。,不定代詞all, most, some 等作助于書， 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所指代的 名詞的數(shù)。如：,意義一致,意義一致,（2）”the + 形容詞（或分詞）” 指一類人， 如：the rich (富人), the living (活著的人), the wounded (傷者）作主語時， 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：,The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The rich are eager to help the poor. The wounded have been taken good care of . The living have to cheer up and continue to live.,意義一致,(3) 用and 連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看做一個 整體時，如：bread and butter(面包加黃油), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。如：,意義一致,（4）不定數(shù)量的詞組，如：a part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等作主語時，謂 語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 它們所修飾的名詞。如：,A part of the textbooks have arrived. A part of the apple has beeb eaten up by the pig. A lot of people have heared the news. A lof of money has been spent on this project.,意義一致,(5) 表示時間、金錢、距離、度量等的名詞作 主語，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們作為一個單 一的概念時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：,One million dollars is a lot of money. Ten miles is a long distance. Two years is enough is learn a foreign language.,三、就