專題-保護煤柱繪制軟件的開發(fā)與應用

專題部分保護煤柱繪制軟件的開發(fā)與應用摘要 本軟件基于Visual Basic 6.0并聯合Excel、Auto CAD開發(fā)的繪制斜井井筒、立井井筒、急傾斜煤層群立井井筒、建筑物及工業(yè)廣場保護煤柱的圖形自動化繪制軟件，并給予精確的定位，在礦井設計和改造中避免了煩瑣而復雜的工作，具有一定的實用性。關鍵詞：保護煤柱 CAD二次開發(fā) VB Excel 自動繪圖1.概述Mcrosoft公司的Visual Basic6.0是當今最暢銷的編程語言之一，簡單易學，功能強大，人機對話方便，程序運行調試方便，得到了廣泛的應用。Autodesk公司的AutoCAD是當今世界上最暢銷的繪圖軟件之一，已成為廣大工程技術人員最好的設計助手。它具有強大的繪圖功能，同時，具有開放性，用戶可以根據自己的實際需要及專業(yè)性質，對CAD進行二次開發(fā)，從而更加完善地為本專業(yè)服務，這也是CAD受歡迎的重要原因之一。目前，計算機在采礦領域的應用應用已越來越廣，其中一個重要的應用方向就是計算機輔助制圖（CAD）。在煤炭行業(yè)，CAD的應用已相當普遍，但制圖自動化程度較低，工作量大，生產、設計單位也缺少這方面的軟件，由此給我們一個思路，通過編程實現繪圖的自動化。CAD內部的VBA開發(fā)工具，使以上兩套功能強大的軟件可以無間隙地結合在一起，讓用戶可以自主開發(fā)出專業(yè)方向軟件。為此采用AutoCAD的ActiveX技術及Visual Basic 6.0、Mcrosoft Excel編制軟件。2.原理2.1 地下開采破壞了巖體內部原有的力學平衡狀態(tài)，使上覆巖層不同程度地變形和破壞。當開采面積達到一定范圍之后，起始采場附近的巖層移動和變形將擴展到地表，此時的地表移動和變形將影響到位于開采影響范圍內的房屋建筑、工程、河流、湖泊、鐵路及管線，會改變它們原有的狀態(tài)，甚至破壞。同樣，在移動巖體內的井巷也可能受到開采影響而遭受破壞。當地下開采將影響到上覆巖層及地表，并且其產生的變形有可能危及巖體內的井巷或者地表的建筑物和構筑物正常使用時，最常用和最可靠的方法就是在需要保護的井筒、建筑物或構筑物下方留一部分實體煤不采或暫時不采，所留煤柱的面積應使周圍煤炭開采時對保護對象不產生有危險性的移動和變形。為保護地貌、地面工業(yè)場地、地面建筑物、鐵路、堤壩等而留下來的實體煤稱為建筑物或構筑物的保護煤柱。2.2 垂直剖面法設計保護煤柱原理垂直剖面法是作圖的方法，作沿煤層走向和傾向的剖面，在剖面圖上由移動角確定煤住寬度，并投影到平面圖上，得到保護煤柱邊界。 作圖前所需的資料為： 松散層和基巖移動角； 煤層底板等高線圖； 并田地質剖面團； 井上下對照圖。 以圖1為例，說明用垂直剖面法設計保護煤柱的步驟，圖中的煤層底板等高線標高是為了說明作圖方法所加的。圖1 垂直剖面法設計保護煤柱(1)在煤層底板等高線圖上，過要保護的建筑物或建筑物群最外角點，作平行于煤層走向和傾向的四條直線，交a、b、c和 d，形成矩形。 (2)按建筑物保護等級在矩形a、b、c和d四周加相應寬度的圍護帶,形成地表保護范圍a、b、c、d，地表要保護范圍的邊界為mn和qk。 (3)過a、d或b、c中點，作沿煤層傾向的剖面II。 (4)將煤層底板等高線、上覆巖層和要保護的建筑物邊界投影到平行于煤層走向的垂面內，形成所謂的投影面。 (5) I一I和面上，過m、n和q、k四點，按松散層移動角劃線與基巖相交于、和、；在II剖面上，過和兩點，按下山移動角和上山移動角畫線與煤層交于和。 在剖面上，過和點按走向移動角劃線，與煤層相交于與線同標高的和，與同標高的和。 (6)將和及、和投影到煤層底板等線圖上，得A、B、C、D四點，連接A、B、C和D，即得平面圖上的保護煤柱邊界。 在平面圖上用垂直剖面法設計的保護煤柱形狀是對稱的梯形，梯形的長邊和短邊平行于煤層走向，因擴大了地表保護范圍，在開采影響下地表建筑物安全性較高。為了提高精度，在沿煤層傾向的剖面上，垂直剖面法所留的保護煤柱尺寸還可以由計算方法得到，計算結果如（1）式。 （式1）反斜井井筒及工業(yè)廣場保護煤柱繪制急傾斜煤層群立井井筒保護煤柱繪制立井井筒保護煤柱繪制2.3 立井井筒保護煤柱的設計 某礦立井井筒的地質條件及沖積層和基巖移動角值見表1。保護煤柱邊界的圈定如下(圖2)：圖2 立井井筒保護煤柱的圈定表1 某礦立井井筒地質條件及沖積層和基巖移動角值井筒垂深H（m）煤層厚度M（m）煤層傾角（）（）（）（）（）沖積層厚度h(m)3002204570607020(1)通過立井井筒中心沿煤層傾向和走向分別作剖面II和，按I級保護建筑物在井筒周圍留20m寬的圍護帶，在剖面圖上得m,n及k，l各點。 (2)根據沖積層和基巖的移動角值，繪出保護煤柱的邊界線，在剖面II上得，點。在剖面上得，點。 (3)將、各點投影到平面圖上，得、點。過、點分別作走向平行線，井截取線段和分別等于和gh，得梯形。連接對角線O, O，O自O。 (4)以井簡中心O為原點，分別以O、O、O、O為半徑畫圓弧，井交于對角線上；在對角線上取兩圓弧與之相交的中點，得P，Q，R，S。(5)用圓滑曲線連接、P、Q、R、S各點，即為立井井簡保護煤柱的邊界。2.4 急傾斜煤層群立井井筒保護煤柱設計某礦開采急傾斜煤層群，煤層傾角68，各煤層厚度及間距如圖4。立井井筒位于煤系地層底板，其參數為45，75，55。保護煤柱邊界圈定方法如下(圖3)： 圖3 急傾斜煤層群立井保護煤柱的圈定 (1)過工業(yè)場地角點作平行煤層走向和傾向的直線得四邊形1234。在四邊形外圍留20m寬圍護帶，得受護面積邊界1234。 (2)在過井筒中心的傾向剖面即A一B剖面上，過M點以45作直線，交基巖面上m點；由m點以55作直線，分別交和煤層于S和t點，則此兩點分別為兩個煤層的開采下限。mst直線及礦井設計深度以內所有煤層均為傾向剖面上的保護煤拄。(3)在過井筒中心的走向剖面即CD別面上，由P、Q兩點以45作直線，交于基巖面p、q點；由p、q兩點以78作直線，兩直線與設計深度所圈定的煤層，為走向剖面上的保護煤柱。(4)在平面圖上65為煤層保護煤柱邊界；87為煤層保護煤柱邊界pq910為煤層保護煤柱邊界，等等。2.5 反斜井井筒及工業(yè)場地保護煤柱設計某礦反斜井地質條件及沖積層和基巖移動角值如表2。保護煤柱邊界圈定方法如下(圖4)：表2 某礦反斜井井筒地質條件和基巖移動角值斜井斜長L（m）斜井傾角（）煤層傾角（）煤層厚度M（m）沖積層厚度（m）()()()()41523112.21545757570圖4 反斜井井筒及工業(yè)場地保護煤柱的圈定(1)在工業(yè)場地邊界外側留15m寬的圍護帶；在斜井兩側留20m寬的圍護帶，得受護面積邊界。 （2)過斜井軸線作傾向剖面A一B。由工業(yè)場地受護邊界、點以45作直線與基巖面相交，由交點分別以75和70作直線，與煤層底板相交分別得、點。 煤層與井筒在e點相交。由并底車場巷道頂板到煤層底板的垂高不應小于高度。30一30一25(m)。從而確定得煤層底板上的q點。 式中 30、25均為回歸的常數；為煤層傾角；為斜井落底處井底的曲線半徑。 井口在煤層上的垂直投影點為斜井井筒保護煤柱下邊界(當只留斜井保護煤柱時，仍由井口受護面積邊界點按移動角圈定)。 為傾向剖面上工業(yè)場地保護煤柱邊界。 為傾向剖面上斜井和井底車場保護煤柱邊界。 (3)在走向剖面CD上，由、點以45作直線與基巖面相交，由交點以75作直線，與傾向剖面上、點的投影線分別相交于點、，和、。和為走向剖面上工業(yè)廣場保護煤柱邊界。 斜井井筒受護面積邊界和傾向剖面上g、e點的投影線相交于點、和、。和，為走向剖面井底車場保護煤柱邊界。 由井口受護面積邊界以45作直線，與基巖面相交，由交點以75作直線，與傾向剖面上點的投影線分別相交于點、。連接和，與分別相交于點和。 (4)將、點投影到平面團上，則即為反斜井及工業(yè)場地保護煤柱邊界。2.6 Visual Basic 與Auto CAD的連接Visual Basic語言對AutoCAD的二次開發(fā)，就要使Visaul Basic的程序能調用CAD的命令并能在CAD的環(huán)境下由程序控制進行自動繪圖。首先在Visaul Basic模塊中申明一組對象。Public ACADApp As Object 定義AutoCAD對象Public AcadDoc As ObjectPublic AcadMds As ObjectPublic AcadUtil As ObjectPublic Sub QiDongCad() 連接CADOn Error Resume Next Set ACADApp = GetObject(, AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) If Err Then Err.Clear Set ACADApp = CreateObject(AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) End If Set AcadDoc = ACADApp.ActiveDocument Set AcadMds = AcadDoc.ModelSpace Set AcadUtil = AcadDoc.Utility Set AcadPaperSpace = AcadDoc.PaperSpace ACADApp.Visible = True2.7 Visual Basic與Excel的連接Visual Basic與Excel 的連接同Visual Basic與AutoCAD的連接，要使Visaul Basic的程序能調用Excel的命令、函數等，并在Excel中存取數據，首先要在Visaul Basic模塊中申明一組對象。Public ExcelApp As Object 定義EXCEL空間Public ExcelWBook As ObjectPublic ExcelWSheet As ObjectPublic ExcelShape As Excel.ShapesPublic ExcelChart As Excel.ChartPublic Excel_Name As StringPublic Paint_Name As StringPublic Sub QiDongExcel() 連接EXCEL On Error Resume Next 忽略錯誤 Set ExcelApp = GetObject(, Excel.Application) 查找一個正在運行的Excel 拷貝 If Err Then 如果 Excel 沒有運行則運行它 Err.Clear Set ExcelApp = CreateObject(Excel.Application) End IfEnd Sub2.8 自定義變量類型Public M(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R(0 To 2) As DoublePublic l(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II4(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II5(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II6(0 To 2) As DoublePublic JiAo1 As DoublePublic JiAo2 As DoublePublic JiAo3 As DoublePublic JiAo4 As DoublePublic JiAo5 As DoublePublic BJiao1 As DoublePublic BJiao2 As DoublePublic BJiao3 As DoublePublic BJiao4 As DoublePublic BJiao5 As DoublePublic HouDu As DoublePublic H1 As DoublePublic H2 As DoublePublic HHY1 As DoublePublic HHY2 As DoublePublic MeiMiDu As Double2.9 畫圖過程3 使用說明3.1運行將文件“PillarDesign.exe”與含有其它6個程序的文件夾“app”放置在電腦同一地址下。雙擊“PillarDesign.exe”圖標，出現運行窗口(圖5)：圖5 PillarDesign軟件運行界面點擊“進入”，有一個兩秒鐘的提示頁面：圖6 提示頁面圖7 PillarDesign軟件運行主界面此時點擊6個程序的任一按鈕，將調用出該程序的數據采集界面（圖8）：3.2 軟件使用圖8 數據采集頁面在各項文本框中輸入實際參數后，點擊“垂直剖面法繪制”按鈕，軟件將調用AutoCAD和Excel，實現自動化繪圖和精確數據輸出（圖9，圖10，圖11）：圖9 AutoCAD繪制結果圖10 Excel運行結果圖11 程序運行成功提示3.3 退出軟件退出較簡單，每一程序界面都有“退出”按鈕，點擊即可安全退出圖12 程序退出參 考 文 獻1 徐永忻.采礦學.徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，20032 徐永忻.煤礦開采學.徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，19993 林在康、左秀峰.礦業(yè)信息及計算機應用. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，20004 戴紹城.高產高效綜合機械化采煤技術與裝備.北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，19975 陳炎光、徐永祈.中國采煤方法.徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，19916 錢鳴高、劉聽成.礦山壓力及控制. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，19917 于海勇.放頂煤開采的基礎理論. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，19958 王省身.礦井災害防治理論與技術. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，19899 劉吉昌.煤礦施工設計基礎.太原：山西人民出版社，198310 岑傳鴻.采場頂板控制與檢測技術. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，199811 蔣國安、呂家立.采礦工程英語. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，199812 李位民.特大型現代化礦井建設與工程實踐. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，200113 綜采設備管理手冊編委會.綜采設備管理手冊. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，199414 能源部.煤礦安全規(guī)程. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，199215 中國煤礦專用設備成套服務公司.采煤機械化成套設備參考手冊.煤炭工業(yè)部. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，198416 劉吉昌.煤礦施工設計基礎. 太原：山西人民出版社，198317 中國統(tǒng)配煤礦總公司物資供應局.煤炭工業(yè)設備手冊. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，199218 章玉華.技術經濟學. 徐州：中國礦業(yè)大學出版社，199519 綜采設備管理手冊. 北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，1994附錄程序代碼：模塊中代碼Public M(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic M2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic N2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R(0 To 2) As DoublePublic l(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic R3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic L3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic A2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic B2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic C2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic D2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II1(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II2(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II3(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II4(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II5(0 To 2) As DoublePublic II6(0 To 2) As DoublePublic JiAo1 As DoublePublic JiAo2 As DoublePublic JiAo3 As DoublePublic JiAo4 As DoublePublic JiAo5 As DoublePublic BJiao1 As DoublePublic BJiao2 As DoublePublic BJiao3 As DoublePublic BJiao4 As DoublePublic BJiao5 As DoublePublic HouDu As DoublePublic H1 As DoublePublic H2 As DoublePublic HHY1 As DoublePublic HHY2 As DoublePublic MeiMiDu As DoublePublic ACADApp As Object 定義AutoCAD對象Public AcadDoc As ObjectPublic AcadMds As ObjectPublic AcadUtil As Object Public WenZi As Object 定義圖層Public TianChong As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo1 As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo2 As ObjectPublic XiAnTiAo3 As ObjectPublic QiTA As ObjectPublic TuBiLi As DoublePublic TuMingCheng As StringPublic ExcelApp As Object 定義EXCEL空間Public ExcelWBook As ObjectPublic ExcelWSheet As ObjectPublic ExcelShape As Excel.ShapesPublic ExcelChart As Excel.ChartPublic Excel_Name As StringPublic Paint_Name As StringPublic Sub ExitCadExcel()Set ACADApp = NothingSet AcadDoc = NothingSet AcadMds = NothingSet AcadUtil = NothingSet AcadPaperSpace = Nothing Set WenZi = NothingSet TianChong = NothingSet XiAnTiAo1 = NothingSet XiAnTiAo2 = NothingSet XiAnTiAo3 = NothingSet QiTA = NothingSet ExcelApp = NothingEnd SubPublic Sub QiDongCad() 連接CADOn Error Resume Next Set ACADApp = GetObject(, AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) If Err Then Err.Clear Set ACADApp = CreateObject(AutoCAD.AppliCAtion) End If Set AcadDoc = ACADApp.ActiveDocument Set AcadMds = AcadDoc.ModelSpace Set AcadUtil = AcadDoc.Utility Set AcadPaperSpace = AcadDoc.PaperSpace ACADApp.Visible = True Set WenZi = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(文字) Set TianChong = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(填充) Set XiAnTiAo1 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(實線) Set XiAnTiAo2 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(虛線) Set XiAnTiAo3 = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(中心線) Set QiTA = AcadDoc.Layers.Add(其他) Dim SimFangTextStyle As Object Dim TimesTextStyle As Object Set SimFangTextStyle = AcadDoc.TextStyles.Add(SimFang) SimFangTextStyle.fontFile = C:WINDOWSFontsSimFang.ttf Set TimesTextStyle = AcadDoc.TextStyles.Add(Times) TimesTextStyle.fontFile = C:WINDOWSFontsTimes.ttf object.Load LineTypeName, FileName Dim LineTN As String Dim FileName As String FileName = App.Path & acadiso.lin LineTN = continuous ACADDoC.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileName LineTN = ACAD_ISO02W100 AcadDoc.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileName LineTN = ACAD_ISO04W100 AcadDoc.Linetypes.Load LineTN, FileNameEnd SubPublic Sub QiDongExcel() 連接EXCEL On Error Resume Next 忽略錯誤 Set ExcelApp = GetObject(, Excel.Application) 查找一個正在運行的 Excel 拷貝 If Err Then 如果 Excel 沒有運行則 Err.Clear Set ExcelApp = CreateObject(Excel.Application) 運行它 End IfEnd SubPublic Sub AddLineText(X1 As Double, Y1 As Double, _HHeight As Double, VHeight As Double, S As String, t As Boolean)Dim Point1(2) As DoubleDim Point2(2) As DoubleDim Point3(2) As DoubleDim Point4(2) As DoubleDim Point5(2) As DoublePoint1(0) = X1Point1(1) = Y1Point2(0) = X1 + HHeightPoint2(1) = Y1Point3(0) = Point2(0)Point3(1) = Y1 - VHeightPoint4(0) = Point1(0)Point4(1) = Point3(1)Point5(0) = (Point1(0) + Point2(0) / 2Point5(1) = (Point1(1) + Point3(1) / 2Dim LinObject As ObjectSet LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point1, Point2)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 實線Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point2, Point3)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 實線Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point3, Point4)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 實線Set LinObject = AcadMds.AddLine(Point4, Point1)LinObject.Linetype = continuousLinObject.Layer = 實線Dim ValText As DoubleIf t = True Then ValText = Val(S) ValText = ValText * 100 ValText = Fix(ValText) ValText = ValText / 100 S = Str(ValText)Else End IfDim TextHeight As DoubleTextHeight = VHeight * 0.5Set TextObj = AcadMds.AddText(S, Point5, TextHeight)TextObj.StyleName = TimesTextObj.HorizontalAlignment = acHorizontalAlignmentMiddleTextObj.TextAlignmentPoint = Point5End SubPublic Function WenBen2(Coner As Variant, widthw As Double, X As String, habcd As Double, SSX As Double, SSY As Double)Dim Corner1(0 To 2) As DoubleDim width As DoubleDim text As StringDim anObj As Object Corner1(0) = Coner(0) + SSX: Corner1(1) = Coner(1) + SSY: Corner1(2) = 0# width = widthw text = X Set anObj = AcadDoc.ModelSpace.AddMText(Corner1, width, text) anObj.Height = habcd anObj.StyleName = Times End FunctionPublic Sub ScaleEntityAllAcad(BiLi As Double)Dim SSetObj As AcadSelectionSetDim SSetObjName As StringSSetObjName = Time()Set SSetObj = AcadDoc.SelectionSets.Add(SSetObjName)SSetObj.Select acSelectionSetAllDim BasePoint(2) As DoubleBasePoint(0) = 0: BasePoint(1) = 0: BasePoint(2) = 0Dim ScaleFactor As DoubleScaleFactor = BiLiDim En