專題非謂語賓補.ppt

專題 非謂語動詞,非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。但是它也擁有動詞的一些特征非謂語動詞特征： 1）無人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化 2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語或狀語，構成非謂語動詞短語。 另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分。,非謂語動詞作用,非謂語動詞的形式,一般來說，非謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)之前時，多用完成式；同時發(fā)生時用一般式或進行式；例如： Having been used for many years, the computer needs to repair. (2)非謂語動詞的否定式為在非謂語動詞前加 not。例如：not to have, not being done, not having been done, his not having succeeded 等。,2不定式、動名詞與分詞做定語時的用法和區(qū)別,(1)非謂語動詞做定語時的區(qū)別,不定式做定語的情況 不定式做定語通常表示一個未發(fā)生的動作。 The meeting to be held is of great importance.(未發(fā)生) 修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no/any/all等限定的中心詞。 Madame Curie was the first person to discover the radium.(已完成) She was the best one to do the job. There is nothing to worry about. 修飾抽象名詞，常見的有 ability ,idea, fact, chance等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sighting.,特別提醒：不定式做定語時如果與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，動詞須是及物的，不及物的要加介詞。例如： He has no room to live in at the moment. 但不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place，way 這幾個直接表示時間、地點、方式的詞時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去。例如： We had no money and no place to live (in) those days. We found a way to solve the problem (in).,There is a lot of work to do. There is a lot of work to be done. 在there be 結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某事，不定式用主動形式;若強調事情本事必須被完成，則用被動形式。 Have you anything to send? Have you anything to be send? I will go to the post office.,分詞作定語 There are a lot of good English programs (broadcast ) on TV in China. Two days later I received a letter (offer） me a job. 作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式：doing 表示正在進行，done表示完成。 Falling leaves /fallen leaves Boling water/ boiled water Developing countries/ developed countries,動詞不定式與分詞作定語的區(qū)別： the meeting (hold) in 2 days the meeting (hold) 2 days ago the meeting (hold) now,The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.,Translation,動名詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞是正在進行的動作，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關系.試比較： working clothes(工作服)clothes for working a washing machine a machine for washing a reading room a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag a sleeping child a child is sleeping a crying boy a boy is crying,不定式與分詞做狀語時的用法和區(qū)別 (1)不定式一般充當目的狀語、結果狀語和結果狀語。 不定式做目的狀語時的主要形式有：to do，so as to do，in order to do； 結果狀語時的主要形式有：to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do(表示出人意料的結果)。 不定式也可用在做表語用的形容詞后做狀語，說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。常見的形容詞有：不定式作原因狀語一般用在“連系動詞adj.to do”的結構中，且形容詞多為表示人的情感方面的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，disappointed，anxious 等。例如： He seemed surprised to see us.,分詞一般充當時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式(伴隨)狀語 Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. They came in, talking and laughing. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 現(xiàn)在分詞有時還可充當結果狀語,表示一種自然而然的結果，前面常有 thus 等副詞；而不定式做結果狀語時一般表示出乎意料的結果，形式有to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do 。例如： His parents died ,leaving him an orphan. I woke up only to find everyone gone. The cup dropped to the ground, （break） into pieces. Their car was caught in a traffic jam (堵塞)，thus (cause )the delay. I hurried to his house, only (find) him out.,(4)分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須一致。例： Seen from the hill，the village seems quite small. Seeing from the hill，you can find the village quite small. 如果其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，就需要在分詞前加上自己的邏輯主語，使其變成一個獨立主格結構。例如： The boy having finished his exercises，the teacher let him away. The exercises done，the students went home.,(7)有些結構作獨立狀語，與句子的主語沒有關系。例如： To tell you the truth，I dont know him at all. Judging by his clothes，he is a common man. None of us knew about it，including the teacher. 類似的習慣用語還有： generally speaking , talking of, considering, taking sth into consideration,(2010長春調研)The firm was successfully run and _， he owed his success to the support of his friends. Alooking back Blooked back Cto look back Dwhen looked back 解析：考查非謂語動詞?！爱敾仡欉^去時”在句中作時間狀語，因為look back與主語he之間為主謂關系而不是動賓關系，因此不能使用過去分詞形式，而應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 答案：A,(2010山東濰坊質量監(jiān)測)With trees and grass _ 39.6% of the urban area, the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. Acovered Bcovering Cto be covered Dbeing covered 解析：考查非謂語動詞。語意為：隨著城市綠化覆蓋率達到39.6%，濰坊呈現(xiàn)出了新面貌。trees and grass和cover之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故選B項。 答案：B,(2010福建六校三聯(lián))_ by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit, they decided to visit the small old town again. AStruck BTo be struck CHaving struck DBeing struck 解析：strike與其邏輯主語they之間為動賓關系，故應用動詞的過去分詞形式作狀語。 答案：A,(2010北京東城期末)Subway Line 4, _ into use in September 2009, has made traveling in Beijing easier. Ahaving been put Bputting Cbeing put DPut 答案：D,(2010北京海淀期末)The silence of the library is sometimes broken