7B英語知識點(自整理).doc

7B 英語知識點（U1U8）初一（5）班 張沐7B 英語知識點（自整理） U1 初一（5）班 張沐7BUnit 1 Dream homes知識點【詞形轉(zhuǎn)換】wood n. wooden adj.child n. children pron.quiet adj.quietly adv.quite adv. 相當?shù)?quiet adj. 安靜的print v. printer n.worry v. 擔心worried adj.擔心的littlelessleast many/much moremostown(adj./v.) owner (n.)Britainn. 不列顛British adj. 不列顛的France n. 法國French n. 法語 adj.法國的Japan n.日本Japanese n. adj.日本的Russia n. 俄羅斯Russian n. 俄語、俄羅斯人 adj.俄羅斯的【詞匯】1. 國家、人民、語言CountryPeople(pl.)LanguageChinaChineseChineseThe UKthe English/ EnglishmenEnglishThe USAAmericansEnglishRussiaRussiansRussianFrancethe French/ FrenchmenFrenchAustraliaAustraliansEnglishCanadaCanadiansEnglish / FrenchJapanJapaneseJapanese2. capitalThe capital of the USA is Washington D.C.the capital of e.g. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.The capital of China is Beijing.3. own(adj.自己的/v.擁有) owner (n.)主人I have my own bedroom. = I have a bedroom of my own.e.g. I see with my own eyes. Whos the owner of this pen?= Who owns this pen?4. fun n. 樂趣，不可數(shù)名詞I always have fun with my dog there.Its great fun.5. most(1) most名詞; adj. “大多數(shù)的”： most homes Most girl students like wearing skirts.(2)most of + the / (形)物主代詞(his/ their) / 指示代詞（these/ those) + pl./umost of + us/you/themMost of the students would like to stay.I spend most of my free time playing football.Most of them think English is very important.(3) adv.“最”：like sth mostI like playing basketball most.6. beside = next toId like to live next to a restaurant.There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.【詞組】1.Id like to live next to a restaurant. would like sth.= want sthwould like to do sth = want to do sthWould you like some water?= Do you want some water? Yes，please./ No, thanks.Would you like to go with us? Yes, Id love/ like to. Good idea. All right. / Id like to, but next to =besidee.g. Toms house is next to mine. Jack wants to sit next to me.2. Learn about homes in different countries. learn about 學習有關的知識 I want to learn more about the world. learn from 向?qū)W習 We should help each other and learn from each other. different same；be different frombe the same asin different classes in the same classIts really different from the flats in Beijing.be different frome.g. Your pen is different from mine.City life is very different from Country life. different(adj.) difference(n.)the difference betweenande.g. There are many differences between English and Chinese Names.3.We sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.look out (of)at =see from Look out ! =Be careful! = Take care!當心/小心e.g. Dont look out of the window in class.look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up4. I share a bedroom with my sister.share sth with sbe.g. The boy shared his toy with other childrenshare in sthe.g. We should share in our sorrows as well as joys.5.Simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them downe.g. Can you write down the words on your book ?= Can you write the words on your book?OK, Ill write them down.meaning (n.) mean(v.)e.g. Whats the meaning of “quick?= What does “quick” mean?6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事Can you ask him to call me back?否定結(jié)構(gòu)有：ask sb not to do sth類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：tell sb to do sth7. be full of 充滿Your garden is full of flowers.The room is full of smoke.My grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.8. have an area of = in area(size)Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = France is 260,000 square miles in area.【語法】（一） Cardinal numbers 基數(shù)A.基數(shù)詞的寫法：“幾十幾”十位和個位之間用“”。e.g. 32 thirty-two101999 百位和十位間加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight1000以上的數(shù)，從后往前每三位一段，倒數(shù)第一個數(shù)讀thousand，倒數(shù)第二個數(shù)讀million，依次類推。e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and oneB .基數(shù)詞的運用：1. hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有數(shù)字修飾表示“精確數(shù)”一般用單數(shù)，但表示不定數(shù)目用復數(shù)：hundreds of; thousands of; millions of注意區(qū)別：three hundred students;hundreds of students;three hundred of the students2. 表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞，其復數(shù)形式可以表示年齡或年代。e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s3. 表示房間號、公共汽車號、電話號碼、頁數(shù)、年齡等用基數(shù)詞，如：Room 801; No. 1 Bus; Page 44; two oclock; a twelve-year-old girl4.一些計算或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)等，如：Two plus two is four.Five times six is thirty.a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;thirty percent5. 年月日中，年用基數(shù)詞；日用序數(shù)詞January 18, 2014; 18th January 20146. 基數(shù)詞表0zero9nine18eighteen90ninety1one10ten19ninteen100one hundred2two11eleven20twenty1,000one thousand3three12twelve30thirty10,000ten thousand4four13thirteen40forty100,000one hundred thousand5five14fourteen50fifty1,000,000one million6six15fifteen60sixty7seven16sixteen70seventy8eight17seventeen80eighty（二） Ordinal numbers 序數(shù)序數(shù)詞的運用：1. 表示日期：e.g. 6月1日on the first of June/ on June (the) first2. 表示編號：e.g. Lesson 5=the fifth lesson3. 表示名次，起副詞作用，前無“the” e.g. Simon came first in the English exam.4. 序數(shù)詞前有限定詞修飾時，不加“the”. e.g. This is my first lesson.5. 表示次序或樓層，如： He is always the first to come to school in our class. Wilson lives on the twelfth floor.6. a/an+序數(shù)詞，表示“又一、再一”； Id like a second try.7.序數(shù)詞表48Ordinal numbersOrdinal numbers1st=first10th=tenth2nd=second11th=eleventh3rd=third12th=twelfth4th=fourth13th=thirteenth5th=fifth20th=twentieth6th=sixth21st=twenty-first7th=seventh22nd=twenty-second8th=eighth23rd=twenty-third9th=ninth30th=thirtieth五、拓展提升1. Ill arrive in Beijing on Sunday. 我將在星期天到達北京。arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地點)/at (小地點)= get to = reach(及物動詞)e.g. The train arrived an hour ago. He arrives at school on time every day. =He gets to school on time every day. = He reaches school on time every day. arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home 誤：reach there/ here/ home2. Whos calling/speaking/that? （打電話用語）請問你是誰？“我是”用This ise.g. This is Jack speaking. 我是Jack.May I speak to? 可以找接電話嗎？Yes, speaking. 是的，請講。Just a minute/ moment.請稍等。Whats your telephone number? 你的電話號碼是多少？ Sorry, wrong number. 不好意思，電話打錯了。 Hold on, please. 請別掛斷。 call sb back給某人回電話；answer the call 接電話3. It rains a lot.表示下雨、下雪、冷熱等自然狀況等用It作為主語It often rains a lot in summer in Haimen.It doesnt rain here in winter.It never snows here in summer.Does it often rain here in spring in Shanghai?4. The CN Tower is 1,815 feet tall.表示物體的長寬高厚深等的句型為：某物 is 數(shù)量 long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.The Yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.Im 1.72 metres tall.5. 表示方位的in, on, toShanghai is in the east of China.Russia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.7B 英語知識點（自整理） U2 初一（5）班 張沐7BUnit2 Neighbours單元知識點歸納【單詞】1neighbour鄰居2visitor訪問者，參觀者31ike像，相似4waiter服務員5helpful愿意幫忙的；有用的 6community社區(qū)7volunteer志愿者，義務工作者 8skill技能，技巧9something某事，某物 10engineer工程師；技師11check檢查12broken損壞了的；破碎的13someone某人14fix修理15anyone任何人16college學院171ucky幸運的18fire火19manager經(jīng)理20policeman警察21postman郵遞員22company公司23elder年紀較長的24j ob工作25future將來26artist藝術(shù)家，(尤指)畫家27sound聽起來28sick生病的；惡心的29notice布告，通知30information信息31below下面32better較好，更好33anything任何事34group組，群【詞組】1some volunteers 一些義務工作者2help sbwith sth幫助某人解決某種困難3something wrong一些有毛病的東西4do some shopping買東西5visitors like you 像你一樣的訪問者6most of them他們中大多數(shù)7all kinds of problems各種各樣的問題8college students大學生9need help with某方面需要幫助10wait for sb等待某人11plan a day out 計劃外出一天12the day after tomorrow后天13make a fire 生火14office worker上班族15police station 警察局16post office 郵局17by trainbusshipbike 乘火車公交車輪船自行車18in the future 在未來19sound 1ike 聽起來像20be good at drawing 擅長繪畫21the information below 下面的信息22worry about 為擔心23make you feel better 使你感到更好24feel well 感覺好了【句型】1Im going to visit our new neighbours我打算去拜訪我們的新鄰居。2Im afraid they wont welcome visitors like you恐怕他們不會歡迎像你一樣的拜訪者。 (1)welcome作及物動詞，意為“歡迎，可與介詞to連用；也可作形容詞，意為“受歡迎的。如： Welcome you to our school!歡迎到我們學校來! Youre welcome不用謝。 (2)句中l(wèi)ike是介詞，意為“像，相似，其反義詞是unlike；作動詞時，意為“喜歡，后可接動名詞或不定式作賓語。如： What is Jim like?吉姆這個人怎么樣? They like playing football on Sunday他們喜歡在星期天踢足球。 (3)wont是will與not的縮略形式。“will+動詞原形也是一般將來時的構(gòu)成之一。如： We will take a bus to work我們將乘公共汽車上班。3Theres something wrong with my computer我的電腦出故障了。 (1)此句包含句型：There is something wrong with(某物出毛病了壞了。)此句型的同義結(jié)構(gòu)有：Something is wrong with；is broken；doesnt work等。 (2)something是不定代詞，用于肯定句或希望得到對方肯定回答的疑問句中。在疑問句 或否定句中多用anything。當形容詞修飾這類不定代詞時，必須后置。如： I have something important to tell you 我有一些重要的事情告訴你。4They help us with all kinds of problems他們幫助我們解決各種難題。 help sbwith sth意為“幫助某人解決難題，其中with可用動詞原形來代替。如： He often helps me learn English他經(jīng)常幫助我學習英語。5Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them他們中的一些人經(jīng)常會去探望老人并為他們采購些物品。do some shopping意為“買東西，購物，相當于go shopping。在疑問句中，也用some而不用 any。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：do some reading(閱讀)， do some cooking(燒飯)，do some washing(洗衣服)等。6Youre lucky to live in a neighbourhood like that，Simon住在像那樣的居民區(qū)，你真幸運，西蒙。lucky是luck的形容詞形式，后接不定式，其反義詞是unlucky(不幸運的)。此句也可表達為：Its lucky for you to live in a neighbourhood like that，Simon7People go there when they need help with their當人們在需要幫助時，人們就去 那兒(尋求幫助)。 (1)when意為“當時，是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時，而主句可用一般將來時，即所謂的“主將從現(xiàn)原則。如： Ill go to the park when Im free tomorrow當我明天有空時，我將去公園。 (2)句中的help是不可數(shù)名詞，后面接介詞 with。如： I need help with my English我英語需要幫助。8Will you wait for US to call back?你會等我們回電話嗎?(1)wait是不及物動詞，后接介詞for。如：Someone is waiting for you under the tree樹下有人在等你。(2)句中to call back是動詞不定式作目的狀語。call back意為“回電話。9My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncles family the day after tomorrow我和我父母正計劃后天與叔叔全家外出一天。(1)a day out意為“外出一天，out是副詞，修飾名詞day，作后置定語。如：the weather today今天的天氣the people there那兒的人民(2)the day after tomorrow意為“后天，是與一般將來時連用的時間狀語。10So she goes to work by train因此她乘火車去上班 go to work by train意為“乘火車去上班。 “by+交通工具表示交通方式，“go toby+交通工具意為“乘去某地。如： We go to the park by bus=We take a bus to the park我們乘公共汽車去公園。11Im good at drawing我擅長繪畫。 be good at-do well in意為“擅長，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。12That sounds like a good idea那聽起來是個好主意。 sound是連系動詞，意為“聽起來，后接形容詞作表語；sound like后接名詞作賓語；sound還可作名詞，意為“動聽、悅耳的聲音。如： Your idea sounds great你的主意聽起來棒極了。 I can hear the sound of running water我能聽到流水的聲音。13Please look at the information below請看下面的信息。 information是不可數(shù)名詞，below是副詞，故修飾名詞時需后置。below還可作介詞，意為“在下面，但不是指在某物垂直的下方，而under是指在某物垂直的下方。14They will make you feel better!他們將使你(們)感覺更好! make意為“使，讓，是使役性動詞，后接動詞原形或形容詞作賓語補足語。如：His words make me happy他的話讓我開心。I will make Jim fix the bicycle我將讓吉姆修理自行車。15Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?你在為參加聚會該穿什么或者怎樣設計你的家而煩惱嗎? (1)worry about意為“擔心。如：Dont worry about me別為我擔心。 (2)what to wear與how to design是“疑問詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語。如：I dont know when to leave我不知道何時出發(fā)。16People will get help if there is something wrong with their washing machine or fridge 假如人們的洗衣機或冰箱壞了，他們將得到幫助。 if意為“假如，如果，引導條件狀語從句，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。如： If it rains tomorrow，Ill stay at home假如明天下雨，我將待在家里?！菊Z法】一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。一般將來時的構(gòu)成：shallwillbe going to+v?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+shallwill+動詞+其他否定句：主語+shallwill+not+動詞+其他疑問句：ShallWill+主語+動詞+其他? 1shall與第一人稱連用，主要用于疑問句中。 2在疑問句中，will與第二、三人稱連用；在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。 Which paragraph shall I read first?我將先讀哪一段? Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚7點你在家嗎? 3當有跡象表明在近期或短時間內(nèi)有可能發(fā)生的動作或打算、準備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事用be going to+v。(1)主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你(們)打算做什么? (2)計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month這場劇目下個月將被拍攝。 (3)有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm看那些烏云，將會有一場暴風雨。4用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在時間或條件狀語從句中。如： When Bill comes，ask him to Wait for me當比爾來時，叫他等等我。 If It doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go shopping with mother假如明天不下雨，我將和媽媽去購物。7B 英語知識點（自整理） U3 初一（5）班 張沐7BUnit3 Welcome to Sunshine Town知識點Comic strip1.An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.我的一個老朋友正要來見我，Hobo。be coming是現(xiàn)在進行時結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于is going to come，表示近期安排的確定將要發(fā)生的動作。在英語中，像come，go，leave等這一類表示位置移動的動詞可用進行時表示將來。e.g: We are leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. 明天我們將前往香港。 They are going to Paris for the coming summer holiday. 在即將來臨的暑假里他們打算去巴黎。拓展come常構(gòu)成的短語有：come back 回來come down 下來，下降come from 出生（于），來自come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實，實現(xiàn)come on 趕快，來吧，加油Welcome to the unit1.Shall we take them to the cinema? 我們要把他們帶去電影院嗎？take sb. to . 把某人帶到，其中to為介詞，后面可直接跟地點，即：take sb. to sp.帶某人去某地。但若接地點為地點副詞（here, there, home等）時，要省略介詞to。e.g: I want to take my little sister to the zoo on Saturday. 星期六我想帶我的小妹妹去動物園。 Can you take me there? 你能把我?guī)У侥莾簡?？拓展take sth. to . 表示“把某物帶給”，后面可直接跟人，即：take sth. to sb.將某物帶給某人。e.g: Lets take the food to my grandparents. 讓我們把這些食物帶給我的祖父母吧。2.They can try some Chinese food.他們可以品嘗一些中國食物。try some Chinese food動詞短語，意為“品嘗一些中國食物”，其中try是動詞，意為“嘗試”。e.g: Lets try some different kinds of food from all over the world. 讓我們來品嘗一些來自世界各地的不同種類的食物吧。Dont give up. Try again. 別放棄。再試試。拓展try還可作名詞，表示“嘗試”。e.g: I want to have a try. 我想試試。提醒try to do sth. 努力做某事 try/do ones best to do sth.盡某人最大的努力做某事，否定式為do/try ones best not to do sth.e.g: Try to get here earlier tomorrow.明天爭取早點來這兒。Reading1.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town.在陽光鎮(zhèn)有很多事情要做。固定短語lots of things to do中的to do為動詞不定式，修飾前面的名詞things，作后置定語，且兩者之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，表示要做的事。e.g: I have too much homework to do every day. How about you? 每天我都有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做。你呢？ There are many nice places to go in China, such as the Great Wall. 中國有許多好的地方可去，比如長城。2. stay in a quiet town?quiet形容詞，意為“安靜的；寂靜的”，作定語或表語。反義詞為noisy嘈雜的，副詞為quietly。e.g: She is a quiet girl. She likes sitting quietly. 她是個文靜的女孩，她喜歡靜靜地坐著。拓展quiet既可用來形容人，又可用來形容街道安靜或海洋風平浪靜等。固定短語有：keep/be quiet保持安靜 a quiet place 一個安靜的地方e.g: Be quiet, please! 請安靜！提醒quiet與副詞quite（相當，十分）要區(qū)分清楚。3.The air is fresh here. 這里的空氣很新鮮。(1)air名詞，意為“空氣，大氣”，為不可數(shù)名詞，單獨使用時要與定冠詞the連用。e.g: The air here is very clean. 這兒的空氣非常干凈。拓展類似air表示世界上獨一無二的東西的單詞有：the Earth 地球 the Sun 太用 the Moon 月亮(2)fresh形容詞，意為“新鮮的”，作定語或表語。e.g: I need some fresh air to breathe. 我需要呼吸一些新鮮空氣。4.Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing. 陽光鎮(zhèn)離北京市中心不遠。be far from意為“距離遠”，相當于be far away from；反義短語為be close to，意為“距離近”。e.g: My home is far from the school, so I need get up early every day. 我家距離學校很遠，所以我每天需要早起。 Our school is close to the park. 我們學校離那個公園很近。拓展若要表示確切的距離，要用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be+基數(shù)詞+路程單位+away from”。e.g: The new supermarket is one kilometre away from my home. 新超市離我家有一千米遠。5.Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鴨很有名。famous形容詞，意為“出名的，著名的”，作定語或表語。e.g: The West Lake in Hangzhou is very famous.杭州的西湖很出名。拓展famous的固定短語有：be famous for因而出名/聞名，for后接原因；be famous as以（身份）而出名，as后常接表示職業(yè)的名詞。e.g: Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. 北京因長城而著名。 Lu Xun is famous as a writer in China. 在中國魯迅作為作家而聞名。6.If you do not like Chinese food, there are some Western restaurants too.如果你不喜歡中國食物，這里也有一些西方餐館。western形容詞，意為“西方的”，是由方位名詞west加后綴-ern構(gòu)成的。e.g: In Western countries, Christmas is very important. 在西方國家，圣誕節(jié)非常重要。拓展表示“方位”的詞形變化：east 東；東方 eastern 東方的；東部的west 西；西方 western 西方的；西部的south 南；南方 southern 南方的；南部的north 北；北方 northern 北方的；北部的7.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera?為什么不參觀我們的當?shù)貏≡海⑶倚蕾p京劇呢？固定句型“Why not do .?”表示“為什么不呢？”，表示提議的交際用語，相當于“Why dont you do .？”。e.g: Why not go and see a film? = Why dont you go and see a film? 為什么不去看場電影呢？拓展表示建議、邀請的句型歸類：Lets do sth., shall we?讓我們做某事，好嗎？Shall we do sth.? 我們做某事，好嗎？What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？Youd better do sth. 你最好做某事。8.If you want to learn more about Chinese art, dont miss the opera shows there.如果你想要學習更多關于中國藝術(shù)，不要錯過那兒的京劇表演。miss動詞，意為“錯過，失去”。e.g: He often gets up late and misses the early bus.他經(jīng)常晚起，錯過早班車。拓展miss作動詞，還可以表示“想念，思念”。e.g: The students go home twice a month. They miss their parents very much. 學生們每月回家兩次。他們很想念父母。提醒若miss的首字母大寫，即Miss，表示“小姐”，指未婚女子，常用于姓氏的前面。e.g: Miss Smith is our teacher. 史密斯小姐是我們的老師。9.We are looking forward to meeting you soon.我們期待不久后見到你。look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事拓展類似的短語有：pay attention to 注意pay attention to sth./doing sth. 注意某事/做某事Grammar1. 名詞所有格(1)概念：名詞所有格用來表示人或物的所屬關系。(2)構(gòu)成：在表示有生命的名詞及某些表示時間、距離、世界、國家等無生命的名詞后加s。表示有生命的名詞末尾加seg: Miss Wangs computer王小姐的電腦 the policemens cars警察們的汽車以-s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞末尾加Teachers Day教師節(jié) the students books 學生們的書不以-s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則變化的復數(shù)名詞末尾加seg: Childrens Day兒童節(jié) Womens Day婦女節(jié)有些表示時間、距離、衡量度、價值、自然現(xiàn)象、城市、國家等無生命的名詞后也可以加s/構(gòu)成所有格eg: todays newspaper今天的報紙 five minutes walk