非謂語動詞用法比較.ppt

非謂語動詞用法比較,1動詞不定式和動名詞作主語比較,動名詞作主語表示習(xí)慣性的經(jīng)常性的或抽象的動作，不定式作主語表示具體的一次的動作，特別是將來的動作。例如： _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk,B,2.動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞作表語比較,（1）不定式和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別同作主語一樣。動名詞表示一般或抽象的多次性動作，不定式表示具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作 His job is building houses (泛指) Our task now is to increase food production,(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語所具有的特征，“令人的”，過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)“感到”。 Traveling is interesting but tiring He is interested in English. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_ it more difficult Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make,B,4、動詞不定式、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語比較 在see, hear, watch, notice等感官動詞后作賓補(bǔ)時，不定式指動作的全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞指正在進(jìn)行的動作的一部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時的情景，且表主動意義；過去分詞指已經(jīng)完成的動作，且表被動意義。 We heard her sing this song before we went in.我們聽她唱完這首歌才進(jìn)去。 We heard her singing this song when we got there.我們到達(dá)時，聽見她在唱這首歌。 We often hear this song sung by her.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。(歌是被唱),2)用在have,get,leave等動詞后作賓補(bǔ)時，動詞的-ing形式強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)狀態(tài)，動詞的-ed形式表示被動關(guān)系。,We tried our best, but still couldnt get the machine running. (強(qiáng)調(diào)啟動，進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)) The farmers got the planting done before the rains came. (被動，已完成),3)用在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動詞的-ing形式表示主動關(guān)系，動詞的-ed形式表示被動關(guān)系,to do表示將來。,With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house.(主動關(guān)系，lead為男孩的動作),With homework done，Jim went out to play football.(被動關(guān)系，作業(yè)是被做) With much work to do, he couldnt have a rest.,5不定式、動名詞、分詞作定語比較,不定式作定語表示“將要”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“正在”或主動，過去分詞表示“已經(jīng)”或被動。 The Olympic Games，_in 776 BC，did not include women players until1912 Afirst playing Bto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing,c,6.不定式、動名詞、分詞作狀語比較 動詞的-ing形式做狀語與動詞的-ed形式做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別。 to do 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語表示出人意料，-ing 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果,_late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept,A,_such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuff