土木工程專業(yè)英語U.ppt

UNIT one A BRIEF INTRODUCITON TO CIVIL ENGINEERING 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IPre-reading task: What is civil engineering? What are the factors included in civil engineering? 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civilsivl Engineeringendiniri土木工程 Para. 1 Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction of structures, such as buildings and houses, dams, tunnels, bridges, canals(管槽), sanitation sniteinsystems(環(huán)境衛(wèi) 生系統(tǒng))and the stationary steinri ( adj.固定的) parts(固定設施)of transportation systems(交通系統(tǒng)) highways, airports, port facilities(港口設備), and roadbeds for railroads(火車軌道路基). 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering a branchbr:nt of 分支，分部 e.g. The companys head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country. 公司的總部在這個城市，但它的分公司遍布全國各地。 port p:tfacilities fsiliti 港口設備，港口設施 e.g. The construction was announced of Hong Kongs largest port facility, Container Terminal No.9 on Tsing Yi Island. 當局在一九九八年公布建造全港最大的港口設施即 位于青 衣島的九號貨柜碼頭。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 土木工程是工程學的一個分支，主要負責設計和建 造各種建筑結構，如樓房、水壩、隧道、橋梁、管槽 、環(huán)境衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)、交通系統(tǒng)中的固定設施高速公 路、機場、港口設施及火車軌道路基等。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering Para. 2 Among its subdivisions are structural engineering(結 構工程), dealing with permanent structures(永久結構); hydraulichaidr:lik engineering(水利工程), dealing with the flow of water(水流)and other fluids; and environmental/sanitary engineering(環(huán)境或環(huán)衛(wèi)工程), dealing with water supply(供水), water purificationpjurifikein (水 的凈化), and sewer systems(污水處理系統(tǒng)); as well as urban planning and design(城市規(guī)劃). 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering subdivision sbdivin n.細再分; 細分分成的部分; (供 出賣的)小塊土地, 分裝的商品 e.g. each plot was further subdivided 對每一個小區(qū)再行劃分 land subdivision 分割土地 environmental invairnmentl adj.環(huán)境(產(chǎn)生)的;周包圍 的 e.g. environmental costs 環(huán)境成本 environmental waste 環(huán)境廢物 sanitarysnitri engineering endiniri 衛(wèi)生工程 e.g. municipal sanitary engineering 城市衛(wèi)生工程學 public sanitary engineering 公共衛(wèi)生工程 sewer susystems 排水工程 e.g. maintenance of sewer system 市政排水系統(tǒng) 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 在土木工程的分類中，可分為：結構工程，主要涉及永久結 構方面；水利工程，主要負責解決水流及其他液體的問題；環(huán) 境或環(huán)衛(wèi)工程，主要處理供水、水的凈化及污水處理系統(tǒng)；以 及城市規(guī)劃。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering The term civil engineering originallyridnli came into use to distinguish distiwi(區(qū)別）it from military engineering(軍事工程).Civil engineering dealt with permanent structures(永久性建筑結構)for civilian use(民用） , whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use（臨時性的軍用建筑）。 . 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering come into use 開始被使用 e.g. The new car will come into use next month. 那輛新車將于下月開始使用。 military militri adj.軍人的；軍用的；軍事的 e.g. a military aeronautical school 軍事航空學校 military arts 軍事藝術 permanent p:mnnt adj. 永久性的, 耐久的, 固定不 變的 e.g. permanent address 永久地址 permanent assets 【會計】固定資產(chǎn) civilian siviljn n. 市民； 平民， 老百姓（與軍人相對 而言） e.g. civilian use 民用 a civilian career 平民職業(yè) 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering temporarytemprri adj.暫時的, 臨時的; 一時的 e.g. temporary workers 臨時工 temporary needs 臨時需要 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering “土木工程”這個術語起初是用來與“軍事工程”相區(qū)別的， 土木工程處理的是民用的永久性建筑結構，而軍事工程則是主 要負責處理臨時性的軍用建筑。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering Para. 3 Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique（獨一無二的）. One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical（完全相同）, site requirements（選址的要求）or other factors generally result in modification（變更）. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering unique ju:ni:k adj. 唯一的；無與倫比的；獨特的 e.g. unique feature 特色 That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed. 那座建筑很獨特，因為所有像它那樣的其他建筑都毀壞了 duplicate dju:plikeit vt. 使加倍；使成雙；使重復；重疊 e.g. duplicate expenses 使費用加倍 duplicate a letter 復寫信件 modification mdifikein n. 變更, 修正; 改進; e.g. data modification 數(shù)據(jù)修改 The law, in its present form, is unjust; it needs modification. 現(xiàn)行的法律是不公正的; 它需要修改。 substantially sbstn()l adv. 主要地；實質上地 e.g. substantially alters 實質變更 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 土木工程包含著一個獨特的挑戰(zhàn)，因為土木工程師設計及建造的幾乎每一項 建筑結構或系統(tǒng)都是獨一無二的。一項建筑結構絕少是對另一項結構的全盤 復制。即使有時候某些結構好像是完全相同的，但對選址的要求或其他因素 通常都會導致結構發(fā)生改變。大型建筑，如水壩、橋梁或隧道等，都會與先 前已有的結構大不相同。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 1.;hydraulic engineering, dealing with the flow of water and other fluids; 關于水流及其他液體的水利工程 dealing with: 處理; 關于。后接名詞或名詞短語。 e.g. Mary brought me a marvelous book, dealing with the political affairs of the Middle East. 瑪麗送給我一本很棒的書，是關于中東政治沖突的。 This book deals with music. 這本書是關于音樂的。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 2.The term civil engineering originally came into use to distinguish it from military engineering. 土木工程這個術語最初是用來與軍事工程加以區(qū)別的。 come into use:開始被使用。最初“土木”與“軍事”應該是一對反義 詞。 e.g.When did telephone first come into use? 電話是什么時候開始使用的？ This word has lately come into common use. 這個詞最近才開始常用。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 3.One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. 一個建筑絕少與另外一個建筑絲毫不差。 duplicatedju:plikeit:及物動詞，指“加倍，成雙，復制”；也可 以用作名詞。 e.g. He duplicated his former mistakes. 他重犯了以前的錯誤。 He asked the secretary to type the document in duplicate. 他讓秘書雙面打印文件。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 2 Read and Think Part IIPassage Civil Engineering 4.,or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. 大型的建筑，如水壩、橋梁或隧道，都與以前的樣式大不相同。 differ from:結構“A+differs from+B”在文中指“A與B有很大區(qū) 別”。 e.g. His views differ considerably from those of his parents. 他的看法和父母的有很大的區(qū)別。 Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation. 日語和法語在發(fā)音上區(qū)別很大。 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 5 try to write Part IRead the sample carefully and simulate to write a short composition. Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing to apply the position that you advertised on newspaper several days ago. With an excellent achievement, I received my master degree of Civil Engineering in MIT about 2 years ago. I engaged in some designing work in an institute since I graduated from university. If I have the honor to meet you after this letter, I will bring my blueprints together with me. During working in that institute, I cooperated with my group members so well that we did many good jobs together. The reason why I want to quit is that I need a brand new working environment to improve my skills and know more friends outside. The payment, I think, is not the key factor for me to choose a job but the prospect. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am looking forward the meeting between us. Yours faithfully, Peter 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 graduate from bachelor major in apply for designing institute position designer assistant be skillful at / be excellent at blueprint Section 5 try to write Part I 你是一名土木工程專業(yè)的學士，申請珠海市設計院的 助理設計師的工作。 畢業(yè)于 學士 專業(yè) 申請 設計院 職位 助理設計師 專長是 藍圖 try to write Part II 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Translate the following advertisement into Chinese A successful engineering consulting firm with expertise in civil design & planning needs an experienced Civil Engineer who has experience for waterfront projects. His duties include design drainage calculations, water distribution networks, roadway layouts & project management for all kinds of commercial and industrial projects, including for private & public clients. Requirements: - Bachelors degree - 2 to 3 years of related experience - registered Professional Engineer - familiarity with NYCDOT &/or NYSDOT! Salary depends on experience level, possible relocation assistance & position is located in midtown, Manhattan. Someone who is interested in the position is required to post the application letter that enclosed his or her resume before the end of this month. 土木工程英語教材 UNIT 1 Section 3 Think and Speak Conversation2 建筑，建造 construct switch to P: In my opinion, the civil engineering is of importance for the modern society. I thirst for knowing more about that. What kind of things should be contained in such field? G: The whole society could not work well without the efforts offered by civil engineers and civil engineering. Civil engineering i