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2025北京高三(上)期末英語匯編

七選五

一、閱讀理解

(2025北京朝陽高三上期末)Areyoustrugglingwithlowself-esteem(自尊)?Ifso,youmayhavebeen

toldtorepeatphrasessuchas'Tmalovableperson".]However,whenpsychologiststestedtheeffectsof

suchpositiveself-talk,theyfound"toxicpositivity^^一thephenomenonthataforcedoptimisticinterpretationofour

experiencesalongsidethebottlingupofnegativeemotionscandorealdamage.

2Beginningintheindustrialrevolution,socioeconomicgoalsaroundproductivityandefficiency

contributedtoaculturewhereemotions,especiallyparalyzingoneslikesadness,wereseenashandbrakesto

economicoutput.Ifsomeonewasstruggling,theywereadvisedtohavemorefaithratherthanencouragedtoexplore

therootcauses.Sciencealsotakessomeblame.Historically,psychologistsdidn'tconsideremotionsasjustified

phenomenatostudy,sotherewaslittleunderstandingoftheirsignificantimpactonmentalhealth.

Itisn'tsurprisingthatwewanttobelievethingswillturnoutbetterifwehavepositiveattitude.Afterall,there

isagrowingbodyofresearchindicatingthatanoptimisticoutlookonlifedoeshavebenefits,suchaspromoting

physicalhealth,boostingenergy,andreducingstress.Italsoisn'tsurprisingthatwelabelcertainemotions,likeanger,

guilt,fear,andbitterness,asbadbecausetheydofeelunpleasant.3

Nevertheless,itisbecomingapparentthatpositivityhasitslimits.In2021,ameta-analysiswithmorethan

217,000participantsinvestigatedthelinkbetweenoptimism,pessimismandmortality.Itfoundthatanoptimistic

outlookwasindeedassociatedwiththelowerriskofdeath,however,bothunrealisticoptimismandpessimismwere

linkedtoahigherriskofdeath.4

Howcanweescapetoxicpositivity?SusanDavisfromHarvardMedicalSchoolemphasizestheimportance

ofallowingourselvestositwithuncomfortableemotions.5Thekeytomanagingemotionsdoesnotliein

judgingoneselfforfeelingnegativeemotions,butsimplyexperiencingthem,knowingthattheywillpass.

A.Weneedtoacceptthemasanormalpartofhumanexperience.

B.Ourtendencytoavoidthedarkeraspectsofhumanexperienceisn'tnew.

C.Whenweexperiencethem,wecanbecomeconsumed,disturbedorinactive.

D.Neglectingnegativeemotionsisalsofoundtobeharmfultoourmentalhealth.

E.Theyurgeustoinjectabitofpositiveemotionintoourdaytogainthebenefits.

F.Positivechantslikethisaresettoboostaperson'smoodandfeelingsofself-worth.

G.Wearemorelikelytoperceivenormalemotionsasmentalproblemsneedingtreatment.

(2025北京東城高三上期末)Whilecompliments(贊揚)mayseemsimple,theycanhavealargeimpact

onyouandthepeoplearoundyou,creatingarippleofpositivity.However,givingcomplimentsrequiresskillsand

knowledge.

Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.6Abouttwo-thirdsofcompliments

intheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.Inaddition,about80%of

complimentsfollowthreeformats.SoifIlikedabookyouwroteandwantedtosaysomethingpositiveaboutit,my

complimentwouldprobablyfollowoneofthesebasicpatterns:"Yourbookisgreat,“"Iloveyourbook,^^or“Thatis

aterrificbook.^^

7.Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceive

farmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,

informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareabout

performance.8

Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.__9

Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,

peoplewithlowself-esteemdon'tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.Asresearchershaveshown,inpeoplewithhigh

self-esteem,acomplimentstimulatespartsofthebrainresponsibleforself-referentialthinking.Thisoccurs

significantlylessforpeoplewhohavelowself-esteem.

Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone'sself^conception,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobe

acceptedbyitsobject.10Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.

A.Itmustfollowthebasicpatterns.

B.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwithcredibilitytogiveit.

C.Whatwechoosetocomplimentdependsongenderdifferences.

D.Agoodcomplimentmustnotconflictwithitsrecipient9sself^conception.

E.Ifpeoplehavenegativeviewofaperson,theywouldresisthiscompliments.

F.Incontrast,menaremorelikelytocomplimentoneanotheronperformanceinallsettings.

G.Theyaregenerallydirectedtowardanotherperson'sappearance,performance,orpossessions.

(2025北京西城高三上期末)Whatfooddoyoulove?Whatfooddoyouhate?Ifyouaskaround,you511

soonseethere9snorightorwronganswer-ifsallaquestionoftaste.11Rather,scientistshavediscovered

thattasteisinfluencedbyourgenesandDNA.

Ourscientificunderstandingoftastebeganjust25yearsagowiththediscoveryoftastereceptors-cells

locatedonthetongue'ssurface.12Whattastessweettomemighttastesourorsaltytosomeoneelse,and

thisisbecauseofdifferencesinthereceptorswe'rebomwith.Inotherwords,tasteispartlygenetic.

AccordingtoDanielleReed,aresearcherattheMonellChemicalSensesCenterinPhiladelphia,tcWhenwe

firststarteddoinggeneticstudies,wereallyjustlimitedourselvestolookingatafewEuropeans,peopleofEuropean

ancestry.13WearebroadeningourhorizonsandstudyingpeopleofAsianandAfricanancestry,andthat

hasreallyopeneduptheknowledgethatpeoplearemuchmorediversethanweeverrealized.Tasteisn'tamatterof

opinion.14”

Butifscientistsaretellingustasteislargelygenetic,whataboutrestaurantcriticsandwineconnoisseurs一

peoplewhosejobistotelluswhattoeatanddrink?Aretheiropinionsanybetterthanourown?DavidKermode,a

winejudgefortheInternationalWineandSpiritsCompetition,admitsthatwhilescientistshaveshowntasteislargely

individualandgenetic,personaltasteremainssubjective."15Buttheyareencouragedtosetthoseprejudices

aside.”

A.It'samatterofbiology.

B.Itisactuallythenumber-onedriverforfoodchoice.

C.However,individualtasteexperienceishighlysubjective.

D.Butourtaste,itturnsout,isn'tsimplyamatterofopinion.

E.Peopleallhavetheirownpersonalprejudicesinwhateveraspectoflifetheywanttogointo.

F.Andso,ourunderstandingofthebroaddiversityofhumansontheplanetwasextremelylimited.

G.Forresearchersinsocialsciences,tasteisabroaderconceptrelatedtotradition,geography,culture,aswellas

socialrelations.

(2025北京海淀高三上期末)Imagineyou'vebeenworkingforhoursbeforeadeadline,butyoufeellike

you'regettingnowhere.You'restartingtofeelreallyanxious.Atthispoint,youmightstarttoblameyourselffor

havingthisemotion.Nowyouhavetwoemotions:feelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdoneandfeelingfrustrated

thatyouareanxious.Whenthesecondemotiongetslayeredontopofthefirstemotion,youoftenfeelworseandare

evenlesslikelytoreachyourgoals.Youmaynowbewonderingifitispossibletomakethesecondemotionless

likely.16.

Manypeoplehaveheardof“mindfiilness”.Itisoftenassociatedwithdoingameditation(冥想)practice,but

itsessenceistobemoreawareandacceptingofyourpresent-momentexperience.17Acceptancecanlimit

judgmentalthoughtsandunhelpfulsecondaryemotions.

Letmeexplain.Pictureyourselfinachallengingsituationlikethescenariodescribedaboveandyoufeel

anxietyarising.Insteadofgettingupsetatyourselfforhavingthisemotion,youbringyourawarenesstothe

experienceoftheemotionandacceptit.Youmightfeelthatthisanxietyisnotfuntoexperience.18With

thisattitudeofacceptance,andsteppingawayfromthetendencytofightagainsttheemotion,youarelesslikelyto

getstuckinaloopofjudgmentalthoughtsthatmighttriggermoreunwantedemotions.

19Butevidencesuggeststhatitworks.Thatisprobablybecauseacceptingyourselves,includingyour

emotions,relievespressure.Youstopaddingfueltotheemotionalfirewhenyoureleasejudgmentalthoughtsabout

youremotions.20Forinstance,youcouldturndownthevolumeontheinitialemotion,perhapsbyseeing

thesituationfromanewperspectiveoraskingsomeoneforsupport.

A.Thankfully,researchsuggeststhattheanswerisyes.

B.Youcan'tbeproductiveevenwhenyouhavemoreinnerspace.

C.Thenyoumayquestionifyouarefeelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdone.

D.Yetyouknowyoucanbreatheitthroughandthatitisjustapassingemotion.

E.Sometimestheexperienceincludesanunpleasantemotionyoudon'twanttofeel.

F.Itmightsoundunreasonablethatembracinganunpleasantemotioncanbeagoodthing.

G.Youalsocreatemoreinnerspacetodeterminewhetheryoucandosomethingthathelps.

(2025北京豐臺高三上期末)Hesitationasintuition(直覺)

You'vethoughtaboutit.You'vemadeyourdecisionandthen.....youhesitate.Yourmousehoversoverthe

""purchasenow“button,you'vewrittenthetextbutcan'tquitebringyourselftopress"send”.Youhesitate.21

Ourculturevaluesdoing.We'reconstantlyurgedto“goforit."Butwhatifhesitationisnotasignofweakness

butratheravaluablesignal?22Butwedon'talwaysmakeitapracticetolistentoourbodies.Whenwedo

payattention,wehaveaccesstoalotofnonrationalinformationincludingourintuition.Ifyounoticeyourself

hesitating,itmightmeanapartofyouisn'tquitesure.Hesitationcanbethebody'swayofalertingustooverlooked

detailsorconcealedinformationthatcouldbecrucialtoourchoice.

Sincehesitationcancarrysuchsignificance,itbecomesessentialtounderstandthenatureofthesignalsour

bodiessend.Althoughdistinguishingbetweenintuitionandfearoranxietyisnoteasy,whenwecultivatethehabit

ofself-awarenessandunderstandourfears,wecanbegintodecipher(辨認(rèn))themessagesbehindourhesitation.

Moreover,ourrationalmindshavetheirlimitations.23Therefore,byintegratingouremotionsandphysical

sensationsintothedecision-makingprocess,weaccessamorecomprehensiveunderstanding.

Tomakemoreinformeddecisions,wecanemployspecificstrategies.Onewaythatwecanhelpourselves

withaspecificdecisionistonoticewhenthere?shesitationand,ifyouhavethetime,wait.24Another

interestingwaytolookatmakingadecisionistowalkuptothedoorofit.Takeactionasifyouhadalreadymade

thedecision.Andbeforeifstoolate,noticehowitfeelstowalkthatpath.Thatmaygiveyoumoreinformationthan

thinkingevercould.

25Byintegratingbothrationalandintuitiveelements,wecanhandlethecomplexchoiceswithgreater

confidenceandclarity.

A.It'seasytomissintuitivesignalswhenwearemovingfromthinkingminds.

B.Theyworkwithinfixedframeworksthatmightnotmatchthecomplexreality.

C.Whileourmindsareundoubtedlypowerful,ourbodiesalsoholdawealthofwisdom.

D.Innature,thekeytoeffectivedecision-makingliesinseeinghesitationasahelp.

E.Checkbackinwiththedecisionyouthoughtyoumadeandseeifanythingdiffers.

F.Hesitationmeansyourintuitionistryingtospeaktoyoufromdeepinnerplace.

G.Thishesitationiscommonyetoftenoverlookedinourdecision-makingprocess.

(2025北京石景山高三上期末)TimeorMoney?

Wouldyouratherhaveahighersalaryorthefreedomtoworkfromanywhereintheworld?Accordingtoa

survey,sevenoutoftensurveyedreaderswouldconsideracceptingalowersalaryformoreperks(額外收入)and

benefits-oneintenwoulddefinitelydoso.26.

Fortoday'sworkforce,especiallyGenZsandmillennials(千禧一代),perksextendfarbeyondthetraditional

benefitspackage.Theyareputtingalotoffocusonwork-lifebalance,careeradvancement,andthecompany'sculture

andvalues.Amongall,aflexibleworkarrangementtopsthelistofthosevalues.27.Theabilitytocontrol

whenandwheretheyworknotonlyboostsproductivitybutalsohelpspreventburnout.Thisshiftenforcescompanies

todemonstratethattheyvalueoutcomesandresultsoverrigidschedules.Inreturn,employeesfeeltrusted,valued,

andempowered,performingattheirbestwhengiventheflexibilitytobalancetheirpersonalandprofessionallives.

28.Forwomen,especiallyworkingmothers,unclearboundariesbetweenhomeandworkcanmake

themfeelliketheyarealwaysworking,whichincreasestheriskofburnout.Moreover,remoteworkcanintensify

(增強)thechallengesassociatedwithcareeradvancement,asfewerin-personinteractionscanleadtobeing

overlookedorsidelined.29.Thisbeliefcouldnegativelyaffecttheirchancesforpromotionsandleadership

opportunities.

Lookingahead,flexibleworkarrangementsareheretostayandwilllikelycontinuetoevolve.30.

Organizationsshouldensureequitableopportunitiesconsistentwithflexibleworkmodels,suchasoffering

personalizedarrangementsinsteadofone-size-fits-allsolutions.

A.Thisiswherecompanypoliciescanplayacrucialrole.

B.Employersinvestalotincreatingattractiveworkenvironments.

C.Itprovidestheindependenceandfreedomyoungeremployeesseek.

D.Whileflexibleworkarrangementsofferbenefits,theyalsohavedrawbacks.

E.Flexibilityandwork-lifebalancenowoutweighfinancialrewardsformany.

F.Butwhataretheseperksandhowarecompaniesadaptingtomeettheseexpectations?

G.Furthermore,thosewhopreferflexibilityareoftenseenaslesscommittedtotheircareers.

(2025北京房山高三上期末)Aswinterapproaches,weencounternotonlythephysicaldarknessbutalso

thedarknessofvariousglobalandpersonalchallenges.31

Wecanstartbyappreciatingthenaturalbeautyaroundus.32Ialsoappreciateobservingthewildlife

aroundme,suchasbirdsthatskiparoundmydriveway,providingasenseoflifeandmovementintheotherwisestill

andcoldwinterlandscape.

Forotherkindsoflight,wecanturntoourfriendsandfamily.Nothingfeelsmorelikesunlightthanwalking

intoaroomfullofpeoplewhoarehappytoseeme.Ithinkofmyfamilyonspecialoccasions,theirshiningeyes

radiatinglove.33.

34Readingapoetrybook,listeningtoabeautifulpieceofmusic,oradmiringapaintingcanallbringa

senseofpeaceandinspiration.Theseworkscanhelpusseetheworldinanewway,findingbeautyandmeaning

eveninthedarkestmoments.

Moreover,spiritualpracticescanprovideasenseofinnerpeaceandlight.35.Differentpeoplehave

differentpractices,buttheyallserveasasourceofstrengthandguidanceduringdifficulttimes.

Nomatterhowdarkthedays,wecanfindlightinourownhearts,andwecanbeoneanother?slight.Wecan

shinelightouttoeveryonewemeet.

A.Weseedisastersonourscreens.

B.Inourdarkestmoments,artalsocreatesarayoflight.

C.Ipreferwalkingoutside,challengingmyselfagainstthecold.

D.Whateverishappening,wecanstillfindlightevenduringdifficulttimes.

E.Similarly,spendingtimewithfriends,bringswarmthandjoytoourhearts.

F.Itakewalksoutside,enjoyingthebeautyofsnowthatshineslikediamonds.

G.Forsome,thismayinvolvesilence,journaling,orreadingsfrominspirationalleaders.

(2025北京通州高三上期末)Forcollegeapplicants,theessayistheplacetoshowcasetheirwritingskills

andlettheiruniquevoiceshinethrough.Anditisastudent'schancetoreallyspeakdirectlytotheadmissionsoffice,

tomakeagoodimpressionandtoboosttheirchancesofbeingaccepted.36Thiscanfeellikealotof

pressure.

37Theytendtobebroad,open-endedquestions,givingstudentsthefreedomtowriteaboutawide

rangeoftopics.Infact,it'schallengingtothinkofputtingyourwholelifeinoneessay.

Studentsshouldnarrowtheirfocusandwriteaboutaspecificexperienceorhobbythatrevealssomething

personal,likehowtheythink,whattheyvalueorwhattheirstrengthsare.38Therearecertaintypesof

essaysthattypicallystandouttoadmissionsofficers.

Whafsmostimportantisthatacollegeessayisthoughtful.39Thinkofthecollegeessayasa

meaningfulglimpseofwhoyouarebeyondyourotherapplicationmaterials.Afterreadingyouressay,thereader

won'tfullyknowyou——atleastnotentirely.Yourobjectiveistoexcitethereader9scuriosityandmakethemeager

togettoknowyou.Butyoushouldavoidhyperbole(夸張),whichcanlosethereaders5trust.40

Ifstudentsarehavingtroublebrainstormingpotentialtopics,theycanaskfriendsorfamilymembersforhelp.

Studentscanaskpeersorfamilymembersquestionssuchas,"WhatarethethingsyouthinkIdowell?"Or,"What

aremyoddities?^^

A.Ifsalsowisetoavoidusingirrelevantadverbsandadjectives.

B.Buttheyhaveonlyseveralhundredwordstomakethathappen.

C.Ittellsastorythatoffersinsightintowhoastudentisasaperson.

D.However,collegeapplicantsusuallyencounterpotentialsintheessay.

E.Studentscanalsowriteaboutwhatillustratesanaspectoftheirbackground.

F.Sostudentsneedtooutlinetheiressaybeforejumpingintotheactualwriting.

G.Thereareusuallyseveralessaytopicstochoosefromforacollegeapplication.

(2025W匕京昌平高三上期末)You'restandinginlineatthegrocerystoreorwaitingforanelevator.You

havenomorethanaminutetokill.Andyet,beforeyou'veevenrealizedwhatyou'redoing,you'vepulledoutyour

phoneandhavebeguntomindlesslyscroll(滾屏)throughapps.

41Researchsuggestsplentyofpeopledothesamething.Only11%ofpeople'ssmartphonechecks

wereinresponsetoanotification.Fortherestofthetime,theycheckedtheirphonestotallyunplanned,oftenwithout

thinkingthroughwhytheyweredoingit.We'resousedtoconstantstimulationthatwefeeluncomfortablewhen

we'renotdoinganything,evenforjustafewseconds.

Ourbrainsarehardwiredtoseekoutrewardslikeknowledge,entertainment,andsocialconnection.Allof

thosethingsweremuchhardertofindbeforewehadtinycomputersatourfingertips.Nowwedo.Ourphonesare

basicallyall-you-can-eatbuffetsforourbrains,endlesslyandeasilyservingupthethingstheywant.42

Aquickphonecheckprobablyisn*tdoingyourbrainanyrealharm.43Overtime,constantscrolling

couldhaveanegativeeffectonyourjobperformance,relationships,sleep,andpossiblyevenphysicalsafety,ifyou're

doingthingslikecheckingyourphonewhileyouwalkordrive.44Whenyougiveintoyoururgesand

checkyourphone,thenfeelguiltyaboutit,thefeelingoffailureaddsshametoinjury.

Ifyouwanttobreakthehabitofconstantchecking,you511havetoworkatit.Buildingawarenessisagood

way.45Forexample,nexttimeyoucatchyourselfscrollingthroughshortvideoswithoutevenabsorbing

thecontent,thinkaboutwhetheryoureallywanttobeonyourphone,oryouarejustputtingoffaless-funtask.

A.Checkingyourphoneisoftenautomatic.

B.There'salsoamental-healthelementtoconsider.

C.Ofcourseourmindscan'thelpbutfeedthemselves.

D.Startgoingwithoutyourphoneforsetperiodsoftime.

E.Theurgetocheckyourphoneisoftenrelatedtostressrelief.

F.Takeamomenttoaskyourselfwhatisdrivingyourbehavior.

G.Butit'salsoworthconsideringhowallthoselittlechecksaddup.

(20251匕京川頁義高三上期末)Experiencednegotiatorsknowthatthosewhoaskformore,getmore.46

Itworksinanyimportantcommunicationopportunity,suchasaskingforhelporgettingapprovalfromyoursenior

leadershiponanimportantproject.Researchershaveproventhatknowingwhatyouwantincreasesthechancesyou

getit.Ifyou'reexplainingasituationtosomeone,itmaybethefirsttimethey'vethoughtaboutit.47Then

youraskingactsasabasefortheirfinaldecision.

Beingclearaboutwhatyouwantalsomakesyoulookmorereliable.Decisionmakersgenerallydon'tlike

peoplebringingproblemswithoutasolution.Theymaynotagreewiththesolution,buttheywillappreciatethat

you'vethoughtaboutit.Infact,figuringoutwhattorecommendwillforceyoutothinkdeeplyandclearlyaboutthe

situation,whichwillimprovethequalityoftheendproduct.48

Askingforwhatyouwantmayfeelpushy,butitactuallyputstheotherpersonatease.Beingclearupfront

aboutyouraskrespectstherelationshipbyreducingtension.49Youknowtheywantsomethingbutthey

don'tgetrighttothepoint,soyoufeelmoreandmoreuncomfortableastheybeataroundthebush,becauseyou're

wonderingwherethey'regoingwithit.

50Butifyouweregoingtoendupwithanoanyway,ifsbettertoloseearlythanlate.Besidessaving

time,itmayavoidanextendeddebatewhichmakestheotherpersonstickevenmoretotheirownposition.

A.Butit'snotlimitedtonegotiationsituations.

B.Youdoruntheriskofgettingaquickrejection.

C.Wehaveatendencytooverestimatethechanceofrejection.

D.Andthisisthebestfinaldriverofyourpersonaltrustworthiness.

E.Thinkofthetimesthatsomeonehasapproachedyouforarequest.

F.Mostcommunicationsituationsbenefitfrombeingdirectinyourask.

G.Thereisagoodchancethattheywillbeslightlyuncertainaboutwhattodo.

參考答案

1.F2.B3.C4.D5.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了消極情緒給人帶來的影響以及應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對消極情緒。

1.木艮據(jù)上文“Areyoustrugglingwithlowself-esteem(自尊)?Ifso,youmayhavebeentoldtorepeatphrases

suchas,Tmalovableperson”.(你是否在與自卑作斗爭?如果是這樣,你可能被告知要重復(fù)諸如“我是一個可

愛的人”之類的短語)”以及后文"However,whenpsychologiststestedtheeffectsofsuchpositiveself-talk,they

found"toxicpositivity^^——thephenomenonthataforcedoptimisticinterpretationofourexperiencesalongsidethe

bottlingupofnegativeemotionscandorealdamage.(然而,當(dāng)心理學(xué)家測試這種積極的自言自語的效果時,

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了“有毒的積極”——一種強迫樂觀地解釋我們的經(jīng)歷,同時壓抑消極情緒的現(xiàn)象,會造成真正的

傷害)”可知,后文與本句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折,推測本句主要解釋上文“重復(fù)諸如“我是一個可愛的人”之類的短語”這

類語言的作用,F(xiàn)選項中Positivechantslikethis對應(yīng)上文repeatphraseso故F選項“像這樣的積極的重復(fù)話

語是用來提升一個人的情緒和自我價值感的”符合語境,故選Fo

2.根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Beginningintheindustrialrevolution,socioeconomicgoalsaroundproductivityandefficiency

contributedtoaculturewhereemotions,especiallyparalyzingoneslikesadness,wereseenashandbrakesto

economicoutput.Ifsomeonewasstruggling,theywereadvisedtohavemorefaithratherthanencouragedto

exploretherootcauses.Sciencealsotakessomeblame.Historically,psychologistsdidn'tconsideremotionsas

justifiedphenomenatostudy,sotherewaslittleunderstandingoftheirsignificantimpactonmentalhealth.(從工業(yè)

革命開始,圍繞生產(chǎn)力和效率的社會經(jīng)濟目標(biāo)促成了一種文化,在這種文化中,情緒,尤其是像悲傷這樣

的麻痹性情緒,被視為經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的手閘。如果有人正在掙扎,他們會被建議要有更多的信心,而不是被鼓

勵去探索根本原因??茖W(xué)也要承擔(dān)一些責(zé)任。從歷史上看,心理學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為情緒是一種合理的研究現(xiàn)

象,因此人們對情緒對心理健康的重大影響知之甚少)”可知,本段主要介紹了人類回避消極情緒的歷史起

源,故B選項“我們回避人類經(jīng)歷陰暗面的傾向并不新鮮”符合語境,故選B。

3.根據(jù)上文“Italsoisn'tsurprisingthatwelabelcertainemotions,likeanger,guilt,fear,andbitterness,asbad

becausetheydofeelunpleasant.(我們把某些情緒,如憤怒、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和痛苦,貼上不好的標(biāo)簽,因為它們

確實讓人感到不愉快,這也不足為奇)”可知,本句為本段最后一句,上文提到了一些消極的情緒,推測本

句承接上文,說明這些情緒所帶來的影響,C選項中them對應(yīng)上文certainemotionso故C選項“當(dāng)我們經(jīng)

歷它們的時候,我們會變得疲憊、不安或不活躍”符合語境,故選C。

4.根據(jù)上文“Itfoundthatanoptimisticoutlookwasindeedassociatedwiththelowerriskofdeath,however,both

unrealisticoptimismandpessimismwerelinkedtoahigherriskofdeath.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn),樂觀的前景確實與較低的

死亡風(fēng)險有關(guān),然而,不切實際的樂觀和悲觀都與較高的死亡風(fēng)險有關(guān))”可知,本句是對上文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的

補充說明,說明關(guān)于負(fù)面情緒的發(fā)現(xiàn),D選項中alsofound對應(yīng)上文found。故D選項“忽視負(fù)面情緒也被

發(fā)現(xiàn)對我們的心理健康有害”符合語境,故選D。

5.根據(jù)上文“Howcanweescapetoxicpositivity?SusanDavisfromHarvardMedicalSchoolemphasizesthe

importanceofallowingourselvestositwithuncomfortableemotions.(我們怎樣才能擺脫有害的積極情緒呢?哈

佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的蘇珊?戴維斯強調(diào)了讓自己面對不舒服情緒的重要性)”以及后文“Thekeytomanagingemotions

doesnotlieinjudgingoneselfforfeelingnegativeemotions,butsimplyexperiencingthem,knowingthattheywill

pass.(管理情緒的關(guān)鍵不在于判斷自己是否有負(fù)面情緒,而在于體驗它們,知道它們會過去)”可知,上文提

到讓自己面對不舒服情緒的重要性,后文提到了管理方法,可知需要先接受不舒服的情緒,然后進行情緒

管理。故A選項“我們需要接受它們是人類經(jīng)歷的正常組成部分”符合語境,故選A。

6.G7.C8.F9.D10.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了贊美雖然看似簡單,但對人和周圍的人都有很大的影響,能

激起一連串積極的反應(yīng),同時指出贊美也需要技巧和知識。

6.上文“Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.(在我們文化中,大多數(shù)的贊美都遵

循一種非常可預(yù)測的模式)”說明大多數(shù)贊美都有固定模式。G選項“Theyaregenerallydirectedtowardanother

person'sappearance,performance,orpossessions.(它們通常針對另一個人的外表、表現(xiàn)或財產(chǎn))”承接上文,具

體說明這種固定模式是什么,即“針對另一個人的外表、表現(xiàn)或財產(chǎn)”進行贊美。故選G項。

7.下文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefar

morecomplimentsthanmen.(例如,20n年,一位學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),在非結(jié)構(gòu)化的環(huán)境中,女性給予和接受的贊美

遠比男性多)”通過舉例說明了男性和女性在給予和接受贊美上的差異。C選項“Whatwechooseto

complimentdependsongenderdifferences.(我們選擇贊美什么取決于性別差異)”引出下文,說明選擇贊美的

內(nèi)容與性別差異有關(guān)。故選C項。

8.上文“Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsetting

involveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(在非結(jié)構(gòu)

化、非正式的環(huán)境中,女性對其他女性的贊美中,約有四分之三與外表有關(guān)。在目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的正式場合中,

68%的贊美陳述是關(guān)于表現(xiàn)的)”分別說明了女性在不同場合下贊美的內(nèi)容傾向。F選項“Incontrast,menare

morelikelytocomplimentoneanotheronperformanceinallsettings.(相比之下,男性在所有場合下都更有可能

對彼此的表現(xiàn)表示贊美)''與上文形成對比,說明了男性在贊美內(nèi)容上的傾向。故選F項。

9.下文“Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.(如

果你告訴我我的頭發(fā)看起來很好,我會不屑一顧,并懷疑你的動機,因為我頭發(fā)很少)”通過舉例說明了贊

美需要與被贊美者的自我認(rèn)知相符,否則會被懷疑動機。D選項“Agoodcomplimentmustnotconflictwith

itsrecipienfsself-conception.(一個好的贊美必須不與其接受者的自我認(rèn)知相沖突)”引出下文,說明了有效贊

美的一個重要條件是必須與被贊美者的自我認(rèn)知相符。故

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