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2025北京高三(上)期末英語匯編
七選五
一、閱讀理解
(2025北京朝陽高三上期末)Areyoustrugglingwithlowself-esteem(自尊)?Ifso,youmayhavebeen
toldtorepeatphrasessuchas'Tmalovableperson".]However,whenpsychologiststestedtheeffectsof
suchpositiveself-talk,theyfound"toxicpositivity^^一thephenomenonthataforcedoptimisticinterpretationofour
experiencesalongsidethebottlingupofnegativeemotionscandorealdamage.
2Beginningintheindustrialrevolution,socioeconomicgoalsaroundproductivityandefficiency
contributedtoaculturewhereemotions,especiallyparalyzingoneslikesadness,wereseenashandbrakesto
economicoutput.Ifsomeonewasstruggling,theywereadvisedtohavemorefaithratherthanencouragedtoexplore
therootcauses.Sciencealsotakessomeblame.Historically,psychologistsdidn'tconsideremotionsasjustified
phenomenatostudy,sotherewaslittleunderstandingoftheirsignificantimpactonmentalhealth.
Itisn'tsurprisingthatwewanttobelievethingswillturnoutbetterifwehavepositiveattitude.Afterall,there
isagrowingbodyofresearchindicatingthatanoptimisticoutlookonlifedoeshavebenefits,suchaspromoting
physicalhealth,boostingenergy,andreducingstress.Italsoisn'tsurprisingthatwelabelcertainemotions,likeanger,
guilt,fear,andbitterness,asbadbecausetheydofeelunpleasant.3
Nevertheless,itisbecomingapparentthatpositivityhasitslimits.In2021,ameta-analysiswithmorethan
217,000participantsinvestigatedthelinkbetweenoptimism,pessimismandmortality.Itfoundthatanoptimistic
outlookwasindeedassociatedwiththelowerriskofdeath,however,bothunrealisticoptimismandpessimismwere
linkedtoahigherriskofdeath.4
Howcanweescapetoxicpositivity?SusanDavisfromHarvardMedicalSchoolemphasizestheimportance
ofallowingourselvestositwithuncomfortableemotions.5Thekeytomanagingemotionsdoesnotliein
judgingoneselfforfeelingnegativeemotions,butsimplyexperiencingthem,knowingthattheywillpass.
A.Weneedtoacceptthemasanormalpartofhumanexperience.
B.Ourtendencytoavoidthedarkeraspectsofhumanexperienceisn'tnew.
C.Whenweexperiencethem,wecanbecomeconsumed,disturbedorinactive.
D.Neglectingnegativeemotionsisalsofoundtobeharmfultoourmentalhealth.
E.Theyurgeustoinjectabitofpositiveemotionintoourdaytogainthebenefits.
F.Positivechantslikethisaresettoboostaperson'smoodandfeelingsofself-worth.
G.Wearemorelikelytoperceivenormalemotionsasmentalproblemsneedingtreatment.
(2025北京東城高三上期末)Whilecompliments(贊揚)mayseemsimple,theycanhavealargeimpact
onyouandthepeoplearoundyou,creatingarippleofpositivity.However,givingcomplimentsrequiresskillsand
knowledge.
Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.6Abouttwo-thirdsofcompliments
intheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.Inaddition,about80%of
complimentsfollowthreeformats.SoifIlikedabookyouwroteandwantedtosaysomethingpositiveaboutit,my
complimentwouldprobablyfollowoneofthesebasicpatterns:"Yourbookisgreat,“"Iloveyourbook,^^or“Thatis
aterrificbook.^^
7.Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceive
farmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,
informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareabout
performance.8
Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.__9
Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,
peoplewithlowself-esteemdon'tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.Asresearchershaveshown,inpeoplewithhigh
self-esteem,acomplimentstimulatespartsofthebrainresponsibleforself-referentialthinking.Thisoccurs
significantlylessforpeoplewhohavelowself-esteem.
Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone'sself^conception,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobe
acceptedbyitsobject.10Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.
A.Itmustfollowthebasicpatterns.
B.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwithcredibilitytogiveit.
C.Whatwechoosetocomplimentdependsongenderdifferences.
D.Agoodcomplimentmustnotconflictwithitsrecipient9sself^conception.
E.Ifpeoplehavenegativeviewofaperson,theywouldresisthiscompliments.
F.Incontrast,menaremorelikelytocomplimentoneanotheronperformanceinallsettings.
G.Theyaregenerallydirectedtowardanotherperson'sappearance,performance,orpossessions.
(2025北京西城高三上期末)Whatfooddoyoulove?Whatfooddoyouhate?Ifyouaskaround,you511
soonseethere9snorightorwronganswer-ifsallaquestionoftaste.11Rather,scientistshavediscovered
thattasteisinfluencedbyourgenesandDNA.
Ourscientificunderstandingoftastebeganjust25yearsagowiththediscoveryoftastereceptors-cells
locatedonthetongue'ssurface.12Whattastessweettomemighttastesourorsaltytosomeoneelse,and
thisisbecauseofdifferencesinthereceptorswe'rebomwith.Inotherwords,tasteispartlygenetic.
AccordingtoDanielleReed,aresearcherattheMonellChemicalSensesCenterinPhiladelphia,tcWhenwe
firststarteddoinggeneticstudies,wereallyjustlimitedourselvestolookingatafewEuropeans,peopleofEuropean
ancestry.13WearebroadeningourhorizonsandstudyingpeopleofAsianandAfricanancestry,andthat
hasreallyopeneduptheknowledgethatpeoplearemuchmorediversethanweeverrealized.Tasteisn'tamatterof
opinion.14”
Butifscientistsaretellingustasteislargelygenetic,whataboutrestaurantcriticsandwineconnoisseurs一
peoplewhosejobistotelluswhattoeatanddrink?Aretheiropinionsanybetterthanourown?DavidKermode,a
winejudgefortheInternationalWineandSpiritsCompetition,admitsthatwhilescientistshaveshowntasteislargely
individualandgenetic,personaltasteremainssubjective."15Buttheyareencouragedtosetthoseprejudices
aside.”
A.It'samatterofbiology.
B.Itisactuallythenumber-onedriverforfoodchoice.
C.However,individualtasteexperienceishighlysubjective.
D.Butourtaste,itturnsout,isn'tsimplyamatterofopinion.
E.Peopleallhavetheirownpersonalprejudicesinwhateveraspectoflifetheywanttogointo.
F.Andso,ourunderstandingofthebroaddiversityofhumansontheplanetwasextremelylimited.
G.Forresearchersinsocialsciences,tasteisabroaderconceptrelatedtotradition,geography,culture,aswellas
socialrelations.
(2025北京海淀高三上期末)Imagineyou'vebeenworkingforhoursbeforeadeadline,butyoufeellike
you'regettingnowhere.You'restartingtofeelreallyanxious.Atthispoint,youmightstarttoblameyourselffor
havingthisemotion.Nowyouhavetwoemotions:feelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdoneandfeelingfrustrated
thatyouareanxious.Whenthesecondemotiongetslayeredontopofthefirstemotion,youoftenfeelworseandare
evenlesslikelytoreachyourgoals.Youmaynowbewonderingifitispossibletomakethesecondemotionless
likely.16.
Manypeoplehaveheardof“mindfiilness”.Itisoftenassociatedwithdoingameditation(冥想)practice,but
itsessenceistobemoreawareandacceptingofyourpresent-momentexperience.17Acceptancecanlimit
judgmentalthoughtsandunhelpfulsecondaryemotions.
Letmeexplain.Pictureyourselfinachallengingsituationlikethescenariodescribedaboveandyoufeel
anxietyarising.Insteadofgettingupsetatyourselfforhavingthisemotion,youbringyourawarenesstothe
experienceoftheemotionandacceptit.Youmightfeelthatthisanxietyisnotfuntoexperience.18With
thisattitudeofacceptance,andsteppingawayfromthetendencytofightagainsttheemotion,youarelesslikelyto
getstuckinaloopofjudgmentalthoughtsthatmighttriggermoreunwantedemotions.
19Butevidencesuggeststhatitworks.Thatisprobablybecauseacceptingyourselves,includingyour
emotions,relievespressure.Youstopaddingfueltotheemotionalfirewhenyoureleasejudgmentalthoughtsabout
youremotions.20Forinstance,youcouldturndownthevolumeontheinitialemotion,perhapsbyseeing
thesituationfromanewperspectiveoraskingsomeoneforsupport.
A.Thankfully,researchsuggeststhattheanswerisyes.
B.Youcan'tbeproductiveevenwhenyouhavemoreinnerspace.
C.Thenyoumayquestionifyouarefeelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdone.
D.Yetyouknowyoucanbreatheitthroughandthatitisjustapassingemotion.
E.Sometimestheexperienceincludesanunpleasantemotionyoudon'twanttofeel.
F.Itmightsoundunreasonablethatembracinganunpleasantemotioncanbeagoodthing.
G.Youalsocreatemoreinnerspacetodeterminewhetheryoucandosomethingthathelps.
(2025北京豐臺高三上期末)Hesitationasintuition(直覺)
You'vethoughtaboutit.You'vemadeyourdecisionandthen.....youhesitate.Yourmousehoversoverthe
""purchasenow“button,you'vewrittenthetextbutcan'tquitebringyourselftopress"send”.Youhesitate.21
Ourculturevaluesdoing.We'reconstantlyurgedto“goforit."Butwhatifhesitationisnotasignofweakness
butratheravaluablesignal?22Butwedon'talwaysmakeitapracticetolistentoourbodies.Whenwedo
payattention,wehaveaccesstoalotofnonrationalinformationincludingourintuition.Ifyounoticeyourself
hesitating,itmightmeanapartofyouisn'tquitesure.Hesitationcanbethebody'swayofalertingustooverlooked
detailsorconcealedinformationthatcouldbecrucialtoourchoice.
Sincehesitationcancarrysuchsignificance,itbecomesessentialtounderstandthenatureofthesignalsour
bodiessend.Althoughdistinguishingbetweenintuitionandfearoranxietyisnoteasy,whenwecultivatethehabit
ofself-awarenessandunderstandourfears,wecanbegintodecipher(辨認(rèn))themessagesbehindourhesitation.
Moreover,ourrationalmindshavetheirlimitations.23Therefore,byintegratingouremotionsandphysical
sensationsintothedecision-makingprocess,weaccessamorecomprehensiveunderstanding.
Tomakemoreinformeddecisions,wecanemployspecificstrategies.Onewaythatwecanhelpourselves
withaspecificdecisionistonoticewhenthere?shesitationand,ifyouhavethetime,wait.24Another
interestingwaytolookatmakingadecisionistowalkuptothedoorofit.Takeactionasifyouhadalreadymade
thedecision.Andbeforeifstoolate,noticehowitfeelstowalkthatpath.Thatmaygiveyoumoreinformationthan
thinkingevercould.
25Byintegratingbothrationalandintuitiveelements,wecanhandlethecomplexchoiceswithgreater
confidenceandclarity.
A.It'seasytomissintuitivesignalswhenwearemovingfromthinkingminds.
B.Theyworkwithinfixedframeworksthatmightnotmatchthecomplexreality.
C.Whileourmindsareundoubtedlypowerful,ourbodiesalsoholdawealthofwisdom.
D.Innature,thekeytoeffectivedecision-makingliesinseeinghesitationasahelp.
E.Checkbackinwiththedecisionyouthoughtyoumadeandseeifanythingdiffers.
F.Hesitationmeansyourintuitionistryingtospeaktoyoufromdeepinnerplace.
G.Thishesitationiscommonyetoftenoverlookedinourdecision-makingprocess.
(2025北京石景山高三上期末)TimeorMoney?
Wouldyouratherhaveahighersalaryorthefreedomtoworkfromanywhereintheworld?Accordingtoa
survey,sevenoutoftensurveyedreaderswouldconsideracceptingalowersalaryformoreperks(額外收入)and
benefits-oneintenwoulddefinitelydoso.26.
Fortoday'sworkforce,especiallyGenZsandmillennials(千禧一代),perksextendfarbeyondthetraditional
benefitspackage.Theyareputtingalotoffocusonwork-lifebalance,careeradvancement,andthecompany'sculture
andvalues.Amongall,aflexibleworkarrangementtopsthelistofthosevalues.27.Theabilitytocontrol
whenandwheretheyworknotonlyboostsproductivitybutalsohelpspreventburnout.Thisshiftenforcescompanies
todemonstratethattheyvalueoutcomesandresultsoverrigidschedules.Inreturn,employeesfeeltrusted,valued,
andempowered,performingattheirbestwhengiventheflexibilitytobalancetheirpersonalandprofessionallives.
28.Forwomen,especiallyworkingmothers,unclearboundariesbetweenhomeandworkcanmake
themfeelliketheyarealwaysworking,whichincreasestheriskofburnout.Moreover,remoteworkcanintensify
(增強)thechallengesassociatedwithcareeradvancement,asfewerin-personinteractionscanleadtobeing
overlookedorsidelined.29.Thisbeliefcouldnegativelyaffecttheirchancesforpromotionsandleadership
opportunities.
Lookingahead,flexibleworkarrangementsareheretostayandwilllikelycontinuetoevolve.30.
Organizationsshouldensureequitableopportunitiesconsistentwithflexibleworkmodels,suchasoffering
personalizedarrangementsinsteadofone-size-fits-allsolutions.
A.Thisiswherecompanypoliciescanplayacrucialrole.
B.Employersinvestalotincreatingattractiveworkenvironments.
C.Itprovidestheindependenceandfreedomyoungeremployeesseek.
D.Whileflexibleworkarrangementsofferbenefits,theyalsohavedrawbacks.
E.Flexibilityandwork-lifebalancenowoutweighfinancialrewardsformany.
F.Butwhataretheseperksandhowarecompaniesadaptingtomeettheseexpectations?
G.Furthermore,thosewhopreferflexibilityareoftenseenaslesscommittedtotheircareers.
(2025北京房山高三上期末)Aswinterapproaches,weencounternotonlythephysicaldarknessbutalso
thedarknessofvariousglobalandpersonalchallenges.31
Wecanstartbyappreciatingthenaturalbeautyaroundus.32Ialsoappreciateobservingthewildlife
aroundme,suchasbirdsthatskiparoundmydriveway,providingasenseoflifeandmovementintheotherwisestill
andcoldwinterlandscape.
Forotherkindsoflight,wecanturntoourfriendsandfamily.Nothingfeelsmorelikesunlightthanwalking
intoaroomfullofpeoplewhoarehappytoseeme.Ithinkofmyfamilyonspecialoccasions,theirshiningeyes
radiatinglove.33.
34Readingapoetrybook,listeningtoabeautifulpieceofmusic,oradmiringapaintingcanallbringa
senseofpeaceandinspiration.Theseworkscanhelpusseetheworldinanewway,findingbeautyandmeaning
eveninthedarkestmoments.
Moreover,spiritualpracticescanprovideasenseofinnerpeaceandlight.35.Differentpeoplehave
differentpractices,buttheyallserveasasourceofstrengthandguidanceduringdifficulttimes.
Nomatterhowdarkthedays,wecanfindlightinourownhearts,andwecanbeoneanother?slight.Wecan
shinelightouttoeveryonewemeet.
A.Weseedisastersonourscreens.
B.Inourdarkestmoments,artalsocreatesarayoflight.
C.Ipreferwalkingoutside,challengingmyselfagainstthecold.
D.Whateverishappening,wecanstillfindlightevenduringdifficulttimes.
E.Similarly,spendingtimewithfriends,bringswarmthandjoytoourhearts.
F.Itakewalksoutside,enjoyingthebeautyofsnowthatshineslikediamonds.
G.Forsome,thismayinvolvesilence,journaling,orreadingsfrominspirationalleaders.
(2025北京通州高三上期末)Forcollegeapplicants,theessayistheplacetoshowcasetheirwritingskills
andlettheiruniquevoiceshinethrough.Anditisastudent'schancetoreallyspeakdirectlytotheadmissionsoffice,
tomakeagoodimpressionandtoboosttheirchancesofbeingaccepted.36Thiscanfeellikealotof
pressure.
37Theytendtobebroad,open-endedquestions,givingstudentsthefreedomtowriteaboutawide
rangeoftopics.Infact,it'schallengingtothinkofputtingyourwholelifeinoneessay.
Studentsshouldnarrowtheirfocusandwriteaboutaspecificexperienceorhobbythatrevealssomething
personal,likehowtheythink,whattheyvalueorwhattheirstrengthsare.38Therearecertaintypesof
essaysthattypicallystandouttoadmissionsofficers.
Whafsmostimportantisthatacollegeessayisthoughtful.39Thinkofthecollegeessayasa
meaningfulglimpseofwhoyouarebeyondyourotherapplicationmaterials.Afterreadingyouressay,thereader
won'tfullyknowyou——atleastnotentirely.Yourobjectiveistoexcitethereader9scuriosityandmakethemeager
togettoknowyou.Butyoushouldavoidhyperbole(夸張),whichcanlosethereaders5trust.40
Ifstudentsarehavingtroublebrainstormingpotentialtopics,theycanaskfriendsorfamilymembersforhelp.
Studentscanaskpeersorfamilymembersquestionssuchas,"WhatarethethingsyouthinkIdowell?"Or,"What
aremyoddities?^^
A.Ifsalsowisetoavoidusingirrelevantadverbsandadjectives.
B.Buttheyhaveonlyseveralhundredwordstomakethathappen.
C.Ittellsastorythatoffersinsightintowhoastudentisasaperson.
D.However,collegeapplicantsusuallyencounterpotentialsintheessay.
E.Studentscanalsowriteaboutwhatillustratesanaspectoftheirbackground.
F.Sostudentsneedtooutlinetheiressaybeforejumpingintotheactualwriting.
G.Thereareusuallyseveralessaytopicstochoosefromforacollegeapplication.
(2025W匕京昌平高三上期末)You'restandinginlineatthegrocerystoreorwaitingforanelevator.You
havenomorethanaminutetokill.Andyet,beforeyou'veevenrealizedwhatyou'redoing,you'vepulledoutyour
phoneandhavebeguntomindlesslyscroll(滾屏)throughapps.
41Researchsuggestsplentyofpeopledothesamething.Only11%ofpeople'ssmartphonechecks
wereinresponsetoanotification.Fortherestofthetime,theycheckedtheirphonestotallyunplanned,oftenwithout
thinkingthroughwhytheyweredoingit.We'resousedtoconstantstimulationthatwefeeluncomfortablewhen
we'renotdoinganything,evenforjustafewseconds.
Ourbrainsarehardwiredtoseekoutrewardslikeknowledge,entertainment,andsocialconnection.Allof
thosethingsweremuchhardertofindbeforewehadtinycomputersatourfingertips.Nowwedo.Ourphonesare
basicallyall-you-can-eatbuffetsforourbrains,endlesslyandeasilyservingupthethingstheywant.42
Aquickphonecheckprobablyisn*tdoingyourbrainanyrealharm.43Overtime,constantscrolling
couldhaveanegativeeffectonyourjobperformance,relationships,sleep,andpossiblyevenphysicalsafety,ifyou're
doingthingslikecheckingyourphonewhileyouwalkordrive.44Whenyougiveintoyoururgesand
checkyourphone,thenfeelguiltyaboutit,thefeelingoffailureaddsshametoinjury.
Ifyouwanttobreakthehabitofconstantchecking,you511havetoworkatit.Buildingawarenessisagood
way.45Forexample,nexttimeyoucatchyourselfscrollingthroughshortvideoswithoutevenabsorbing
thecontent,thinkaboutwhetheryoureallywanttobeonyourphone,oryouarejustputtingoffaless-funtask.
A.Checkingyourphoneisoftenautomatic.
B.There'salsoamental-healthelementtoconsider.
C.Ofcourseourmindscan'thelpbutfeedthemselves.
D.Startgoingwithoutyourphoneforsetperiodsoftime.
E.Theurgetocheckyourphoneisoftenrelatedtostressrelief.
F.Takeamomenttoaskyourselfwhatisdrivingyourbehavior.
G.Butit'salsoworthconsideringhowallthoselittlechecksaddup.
(20251匕京川頁義高三上期末)Experiencednegotiatorsknowthatthosewhoaskformore,getmore.46
Itworksinanyimportantcommunicationopportunity,suchasaskingforhelporgettingapprovalfromyoursenior
leadershiponanimportantproject.Researchershaveproventhatknowingwhatyouwantincreasesthechancesyou
getit.Ifyou'reexplainingasituationtosomeone,itmaybethefirsttimethey'vethoughtaboutit.47Then
youraskingactsasabasefortheirfinaldecision.
Beingclearaboutwhatyouwantalsomakesyoulookmorereliable.Decisionmakersgenerallydon'tlike
peoplebringingproblemswithoutasolution.Theymaynotagreewiththesolution,buttheywillappreciatethat
you'vethoughtaboutit.Infact,figuringoutwhattorecommendwillforceyoutothinkdeeplyandclearlyaboutthe
situation,whichwillimprovethequalityoftheendproduct.48
Askingforwhatyouwantmayfeelpushy,butitactuallyputstheotherpersonatease.Beingclearupfront
aboutyouraskrespectstherelationshipbyreducingtension.49Youknowtheywantsomethingbutthey
don'tgetrighttothepoint,soyoufeelmoreandmoreuncomfortableastheybeataroundthebush,becauseyou're
wonderingwherethey'regoingwithit.
50Butifyouweregoingtoendupwithanoanyway,ifsbettertoloseearlythanlate.Besidessaving
time,itmayavoidanextendeddebatewhichmakestheotherpersonstickevenmoretotheirownposition.
A.Butit'snotlimitedtonegotiationsituations.
B.Youdoruntheriskofgettingaquickrejection.
C.Wehaveatendencytooverestimatethechanceofrejection.
D.Andthisisthebestfinaldriverofyourpersonaltrustworthiness.
E.Thinkofthetimesthatsomeonehasapproachedyouforarequest.
F.Mostcommunicationsituationsbenefitfrombeingdirectinyourask.
G.Thereisagoodchancethattheywillbeslightlyuncertainaboutwhattodo.
參考答案
1.F2.B3.C4.D5.A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了消極情緒給人帶來的影響以及應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對消極情緒。
1.木艮據(jù)上文“Areyoustrugglingwithlowself-esteem(自尊)?Ifso,youmayhavebeentoldtorepeatphrases
suchas,Tmalovableperson”.(你是否在與自卑作斗爭?如果是這樣,你可能被告知要重復(fù)諸如“我是一個可
愛的人”之類的短語)”以及后文"However,whenpsychologiststestedtheeffectsofsuchpositiveself-talk,they
found"toxicpositivity^^——thephenomenonthataforcedoptimisticinterpretationofourexperiencesalongsidethe
bottlingupofnegativeemotionscandorealdamage.(然而,當(dāng)心理學(xué)家測試這種積極的自言自語的效果時,
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了“有毒的積極”——一種強迫樂觀地解釋我們的經(jīng)歷,同時壓抑消極情緒的現(xiàn)象,會造成真正的
傷害)”可知,后文與本句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折,推測本句主要解釋上文“重復(fù)諸如“我是一個可愛的人”之類的短語”這
類語言的作用,F(xiàn)選項中Positivechantslikethis對應(yīng)上文repeatphraseso故F選項“像這樣的積極的重復(fù)話
語是用來提升一個人的情緒和自我價值感的”符合語境,故選Fo
2.根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Beginningintheindustrialrevolution,socioeconomicgoalsaroundproductivityandefficiency
contributedtoaculturewhereemotions,especiallyparalyzingoneslikesadness,wereseenashandbrakesto
economicoutput.Ifsomeonewasstruggling,theywereadvisedtohavemorefaithratherthanencouragedto
exploretherootcauses.Sciencealsotakessomeblame.Historically,psychologistsdidn'tconsideremotionsas
justifiedphenomenatostudy,sotherewaslittleunderstandingoftheirsignificantimpactonmentalhealth.(從工業(yè)
革命開始,圍繞生產(chǎn)力和效率的社會經(jīng)濟目標(biāo)促成了一種文化,在這種文化中,情緒,尤其是像悲傷這樣
的麻痹性情緒,被視為經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的手閘。如果有人正在掙扎,他們會被建議要有更多的信心,而不是被鼓
勵去探索根本原因??茖W(xué)也要承擔(dān)一些責(zé)任。從歷史上看,心理學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為情緒是一種合理的研究現(xiàn)
象,因此人們對情緒對心理健康的重大影響知之甚少)”可知,本段主要介紹了人類回避消極情緒的歷史起
源,故B選項“我們回避人類經(jīng)歷陰暗面的傾向并不新鮮”符合語境,故選B。
3.根據(jù)上文“Italsoisn'tsurprisingthatwelabelcertainemotions,likeanger,guilt,fear,andbitterness,asbad
becausetheydofeelunpleasant.(我們把某些情緒,如憤怒、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和痛苦,貼上不好的標(biāo)簽,因為它們
確實讓人感到不愉快,這也不足為奇)”可知,本句為本段最后一句,上文提到了一些消極的情緒,推測本
句承接上文,說明這些情緒所帶來的影響,C選項中them對應(yīng)上文certainemotionso故C選項“當(dāng)我們經(jīng)
歷它們的時候,我們會變得疲憊、不安或不活躍”符合語境,故選C。
4.根據(jù)上文“Itfoundthatanoptimisticoutlookwasindeedassociatedwiththelowerriskofdeath,however,both
unrealisticoptimismandpessimismwerelinkedtoahigherriskofdeath.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn),樂觀的前景確實與較低的
死亡風(fēng)險有關(guān),然而,不切實際的樂觀和悲觀都與較高的死亡風(fēng)險有關(guān))”可知,本句是對上文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的
補充說明,說明關(guān)于負(fù)面情緒的發(fā)現(xiàn),D選項中alsofound對應(yīng)上文found。故D選項“忽視負(fù)面情緒也被
發(fā)現(xiàn)對我們的心理健康有害”符合語境,故選D。
5.根據(jù)上文“Howcanweescapetoxicpositivity?SusanDavisfromHarvardMedicalSchoolemphasizesthe
importanceofallowingourselvestositwithuncomfortableemotions.(我們怎樣才能擺脫有害的積極情緒呢?哈
佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的蘇珊?戴維斯強調(diào)了讓自己面對不舒服情緒的重要性)”以及后文“Thekeytomanagingemotions
doesnotlieinjudgingoneselfforfeelingnegativeemotions,butsimplyexperiencingthem,knowingthattheywill
pass.(管理情緒的關(guān)鍵不在于判斷自己是否有負(fù)面情緒,而在于體驗它們,知道它們會過去)”可知,上文提
到讓自己面對不舒服情緒的重要性,后文提到了管理方法,可知需要先接受不舒服的情緒,然后進行情緒
管理。故A選項“我們需要接受它們是人類經(jīng)歷的正常組成部分”符合語境,故選A。
6.G7.C8.F9.D10.B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了贊美雖然看似簡單,但對人和周圍的人都有很大的影響,能
激起一連串積極的反應(yīng),同時指出贊美也需要技巧和知識。
6.上文“Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.(在我們文化中,大多數(shù)的贊美都遵
循一種非常可預(yù)測的模式)”說明大多數(shù)贊美都有固定模式。G選項“Theyaregenerallydirectedtowardanother
person'sappearance,performance,orpossessions.(它們通常針對另一個人的外表、表現(xiàn)或財產(chǎn))”承接上文,具
體說明這種固定模式是什么,即“針對另一個人的外表、表現(xiàn)或財產(chǎn)”進行贊美。故選G項。
7.下文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefar
morecomplimentsthanmen.(例如,20n年,一位學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),在非結(jié)構(gòu)化的環(huán)境中,女性給予和接受的贊美
遠比男性多)”通過舉例說明了男性和女性在給予和接受贊美上的差異。C選項“Whatwechooseto
complimentdependsongenderdifferences.(我們選擇贊美什么取決于性別差異)”引出下文,說明選擇贊美的
內(nèi)容與性別差異有關(guān)。故選C項。
8.上文“Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsetting
involveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(在非結(jié)構(gòu)
化、非正式的環(huán)境中,女性對其他女性的贊美中,約有四分之三與外表有關(guān)。在目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的正式場合中,
68%的贊美陳述是關(guān)于表現(xiàn)的)”分別說明了女性在不同場合下贊美的內(nèi)容傾向。F選項“Incontrast,menare
morelikelytocomplimentoneanotheronperformanceinallsettings.(相比之下,男性在所有場合下都更有可能
對彼此的表現(xiàn)表示贊美)''與上文形成對比,說明了男性在贊美內(nèi)容上的傾向。故選F項。
9.下文“Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.(如
果你告訴我我的頭發(fā)看起來很好,我會不屑一顧,并懷疑你的動機,因為我頭發(fā)很少)”通過舉例說明了贊
美需要與被贊美者的自我認(rèn)知相符,否則會被懷疑動機。D選項“Agoodcomplimentmustnotconflictwith
itsrecipienfsself-conception.(一個好的贊美必須不與其接受者的自我認(rèn)知相沖突)”引出下文,說明了有效贊
美的一個重要條件是必須與被贊美者的自我認(rèn)知相符。故
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